2023年新版虚拟语气用法归纳.doc

虚拟语气使用方法归纳
英语动词一般可带有三种不一样语气：陈说语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不一样语气用动词不一样形式（有还借助句法形式）来体现。
一、 虚拟条件句
条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句
假如假设状况是有也许发生，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈说语气。
If you don’t work hard，you will fail.
If it is fine tomorrow，we will go for a picnic.
假如假设状况过去、目前、未来都不存在，则为虚拟语气
虚拟条件句和对应主句动词形式列表：

条件从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与目前事实相反假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与未来事实相反假设
过去时 (was→were ) ；
should do;
were to do
would/could/might/should do
1.与目前事实相反虚拟
What would you do if you won the lottery?
If I were you，I would seize the chance to go abroad.
If I had a lot of money now，I would travel around the world.
2.与过去事实相反虚拟
If you had been here yesterday，you would have seen her.
If he had driven more carefully，he would not have had the car accident yesterday.
3. 与未来事实相反虚拟
If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow，our plan would be put off.
If we were to picnic，we would not be able to help.
二、错综、混合虚拟语气
一般，在上面表格里反应是非真实条件句虚拟语气模式，从句和主句谓语动词时间是一致，假如两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气使用规定“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设时间不一样，采用上面表格中对应谓语动词形式。
1. If I had seen you，I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去假设，主句是对目前假设)
2. If you had not watched television so late last night，you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去假设，主句是对目前假设)
3. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion，you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去假设，主句是对目前假设)
4. If I had made some money last summer，I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去假设，主句是对未来假设)
5. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns，you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去假设，主句是对目前假设)
6. If I were your mother，I would let you go out this weekend. (从句是对目前假设，主句是对未来假设)
三、含蓄虚拟语气
虚拟语气中“含蓄之美”指是含蓄虚拟语气。由于有时假设状况并不是以if引导条件从句形式出现，而是通过某些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气存在，常用词语有with，without，but for，otherwise，or，even，in case of，what if(假如…将怎样)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数状况是对过去假设)。
But for your encouragement，I would not have been admitted to this university. （过去）
Without water，all lives would die. （目前）
He felt too tired yesterday，or he would have attended my party. （过去）
I was having a meeting，otherwise I would have come to see you off. （过去）
四、虚名词性从句虚拟语气
具有should +V使用方法，这一某些重要是有关提议和命令有关从句，波及主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之有关形式主语宾语之类从句。记忆口诀：一种坚持(insist)，两个命令(order，command)，三个提议(suggest，advise，recommend)，四个规定(ask，require，demand，request)。
1. 宾语从句虚拟语气
He insisted that the meeting be put off.
The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.
He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.
2. 表语从句虚拟语气
My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.
3. 同位语从句虚拟语气
There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.
4. 主语从句虚拟语气重要体目前It做形式主语三种状况： It’s +p.p +that ； It’s + adj. +that； It’s + n. +that
常用动词recommand，demand，desire，order，request，require，suggest,command
常用形容词important，necessary，right，advisable，natural，strange，surprising，regretful,urgent，vital，insistent，essential
常用名词duty，pity，no surpise，no wonder，shame，regret
其实这些词在句子中其实也有提议命令类似意思
It’s important that you should take the medicine.
It’s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.
It’s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.
It’s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.
It was suggested that he should join the club activities.
5. It为形式宾语状况实际上是上面形式主语一种变形，是以it为形式宾语复合宾语从句，it背面宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常用词就是上面形式主语背面那些词。
I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.
We think it necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.
6. 某些词语如suggest，insist 等有双重含义，因此在使用时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。
Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.
We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.

五．虚拟语气在特殊句式中运用，重要有两种状况：
I. would rather，It’s time…，for fear that…
would rather在使用时要注意它不一样使用方法。由于自身would rather可以直接接动词原形，构成would rather do sth. (than do sth.else)；或者would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气would rather 是这样使用would rather sb. did(对目前或未来假设)/ had done(对过去假设)
I would rather he didn’t go now.
They would rather they hadn’t attended the party.
It’s (about) (high) time (that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用should do)，含提议意思。汉语意思为“是该做…时候了”，也等于It’s time for sb. to do sth.
It’s high time (that) we went home.
It’s high time that we (should) go home.
It’s high time for us to go home.
for fear that 背面可以接虚拟语气should do，也可以接其她语气，但仍然会有一种情态动词。
I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.
II. wish+clause；as if/ though+ clause；If only这三种状况虚拟语气有点相似。
wish后宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式重要有三种wish sb. did(对目前虚拟)；wish sb. had done(对过去虚拟)；wish sb. would do (对未来虚拟).偶尔在对过去虚拟时，也会出现wish sb. would have done状况。
I wish I knew what was going to happen.
She wished she had stayed at home.
I wish I would have seen her last night.
★此时要注意体现语气很强时用How sb. Wish+ clause，其使用方法同上。假如要用was仍然换成were.
How I wish I were a bird.
as if/ though出现虚拟语气重要有两种状况：主句+as if/ though引导状语从句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引导表语从句。
主句+as if/ though引导状语从句：主句+as if/ though+主语+did/ were(对目前假设)；主句+as if/ though+主语+could/ would do(对未来假设)；主句+as if/ though+主语+had done(对过去假设)
seem/ look/ smell等从句状况基本上和上面一致。
She talks as if she knew everything.
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
注意不需要用虚拟语气状况
If only引起感慨句规定用虚拟语气，体现愿望。形式为：用过去式或者would/ could do，体现与目前或未来事实相反愿望； 用过去完毕式体现与过去事实相反愿望。
If only he were here!
If only you would listen to our advise!
If only I had not been busy last week!
★If only 也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如：
If only I had more money，I could buy a car!
六、虚拟语气测试题
I．用所给单词恰当形式填空。
1.If you __________________(follow) the doctor，you_________________(be) all right now.
2. If we ___________________(drive) the car by turns，you________(not be) so tired now.
3. If I ______ (be) you，I _________________( not miss) that opportunity.
4. If they ___________________(start) in the early morning，they ____________(arrive) soon
5.If you ___________________(take) an umbrella，you_________________(not be) wet now.
6. Without water，there ______________(be) no living things.
7. But for your help，we ________________________(not finish) the work.
8. The young man insisted that he ____________(do) nothing wrong and _________(set) free.
9. Had you listened to the doctor，you _________________(be) all right now.
10. look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I ______________(follow) your advice..
II.单项选用 。
1. If I had enough time，I ___ it better next time .
A. will do B. have done C. did D. would do
2. If my car ____ more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A.was B.had been C.should be D.would be
3. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden .
A. had B. have had C. will have D. had had
4. Sorry ，I am too busy now . If I _____ time ，I would certainly go for an outing with you .
A. had B. have had C. had had D. have
5. I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help .
A. wouldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
6. --- He will come tomorrow .
--- But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow .
A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come
7. What would have happened ，_____ as far as the river bank ?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walked farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday . I _____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. mustn’t have taken D. needn’t have taken
9. You ____ much better now if you had taken the doctor’s advice .
A. would be B. would have been C. will be D. should be
10. _____ myself to my study ，I would be sitting in a comfortable table office now .
A. If I devoted B. Should I devote C. Would I devote D. Had I devoted
11. ____ it rain tomorrow ，we would have to put off the visit to Zhonshan Bridge .
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
12. If he ____ my advice ，he wouldn’t have lost his job .
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
13. _____ no air or water ，there would be no life in the world .
A. Were there B. There are C. There was D. Is there
14. It’s high time that your daughter ____ to school .
A. would be sent B. must be sent C. should be sent D. is sent
15. It is necessary that these exercise books ____ as soon as possible .
A. are handed in B. would be handed in C. will be handed in D. be handed in
16. Mr.Green requires that the students ____ a composition every other week .
A. write B. written C. would write D. will write
17. But for the help of my English teacher ，I ____ the first prize in the English writing composition .
A. would not win B. would not have won
C. would win D. would have won
18. Brown had intended to take a job in business ，but ______ that plan after the unpleasant experience in America in .
A. had abandoned B. has abandoned C. abandoned D. will abandon
III．根据汉语提醒， 用括号中单词完毕句子。
1. 要是她按照医生规定那样静静地躺着， 她目前就不那样受罪了。
If he had lain quietly as the doctor instructed，he ______ so much now. ( suffer )
2. 目前已经12点了， 莫非你不认为咱们该回家了吗？
It’s already 12 o’clock now，Don’t you think it’s about time we ______ home ?( go )
3. 我昨天得了重感冒，否则，我就会完毕作业了。
I had a bad cold yesterday，otherwise，I _______ my homework. ( finish )
4. 要不是由于英语考试， 我上周日就会去听音乐会。
But for the English examination，I ________ to the concert last night. ( go )
5. 要不是由于她不会唱歌，我就邀请她参与约会了。
If it ________ the fact that she can’t sing. I ______ my homework. ( be )
6. 虽然太阳从西边升起，我对你爱也不会变。
If the sun were to rise in the west，my love for you ________ .( change )
7. 仔细想想，Michel医生坚持认为她伤得很重，坚决规定她立即动手术。
After careful examination，Michel’s doctor insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he _____ on at once.( operate )
8. 假如不是空气吸取了太阳某些热量，夜晚地球会非常冷，不适合咱们居住。
Without the air hold some of the sun’s heat，the earth at night ____________ for us to live on.( too )
9. 我宁愿你明天去买书。
I would rather you ______ to buy books tomorrow. (go)
10.她谈起来仿佛她已经懂得了这个秘密。
He talked as if he _______ the secret.(know)