2023年雅思小作文笔记.docx

线图：

例：Direction: You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task.
The graph contains information about the price in US dollars of a barrel of oil from 1995 with predictions to 2023.
Summarize the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

开头段：转述原题+时态永远是一般目前时
§ 变化关键词旳词性
§ 变化关键词旳位置
§ 同义词替代
§ 灵活加入图表中旳其他文字信息

The graph provides information about the changes of crude oil price per barrel in US dollars since 1995 and predicts the tendency of the oil price till 2023.

开头段常用词汇：
§ The graph / the chart / the line graph shows …
§ The graph give past and future data concerning…
§ The graph demonstrates trends in/ an overview of/ trends in …
Shows: indicates/ unfolds/ displays/ reveals/ reflects/ relates/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ describes/ depicts/ portray/ outlines/ provide an overview of…

例：The graphs below show the enrolments of overseas students and local students in Britain’s universities.
The graphs provide information about the proportions of overseas students and local students enrolled in Britain’s Universities from 1989 to 1999.

主体部分1+X句：第一句总结总体趋势，之后分步描述（起点，极值，终点）。

总体趋势：
Overall, oil prices increased by nearly four hundred percent from 1995 to 2023, with the most dramatic increase in the three years from 2023 to 2023 and this rise is predicted to continue into the future.

分步描述（起点+极值+终点）：
Prices started at twenty US dollars a barrel during 1995, and then rose slightly to approximately twenty-four dollars in 1998.
The cost of a barrel then dropped for two years, to the lowest point of about eighteen dollars during 2023. After that, there was a steady price rise, reaching about fifty dollars a barrel in 2023.
This was followed by a dramatic climb to one hundred dollars in 2023, and after that, the data continue to rise but slightly, finally reaching the highest point of 130 by 2023.

主体段常用词汇：
第1句话
a) The overall trend/ general trend indicate that …
b) There is an overall + 某种趋势旳名词
第2句话之前
To be more exact = more exactly
To be more precise= more precisely
To be more specific = more specifically

上升
动词：rise to/ increase to/ go up to/ climb to
名词：a rise in/ an increase in/ a growth in/ an upward trend in/ a boom in
急剧上升：jump/ surge/ shoot up/ soar
下降
动词：fall to/ decrease to/ dip to/ drop to / go down to/ slumped to
名词：a fall in/ a decline in/ a decrease in/ a slump in/ a reduction in
急剧下降：plummet / plunge

速度快
Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/ steep
缓慢
Gradual/ steady/ gentle/ slow

波动
Fluctuate around/ a fluctuation in
稳定在
Level off at/ level out at/ stabilize at/ remain constant/ remain steady at
最高点
Peak at/ reach the highest point of
最低点
Reach the bottom of/ the lowest point of / bottom out at

到达
Reach/ arrive at/ amount to/ hit/ stand at/ register
占多少
Account for / represent/ constitute/ make up/ occupy

预测
It is suggested/ predicted/ expected/ projected
大概
Approximately/ roughly/ just over/ under/ around
分别
Respectively/ separately
有关
as for/ in terms of/ concerning/ regarding

常用时间过渡词
Then/ from this time onwards / from then on
After / before ( prior to)
其他关联词
while/ whereas
However/ by contrast/ conversely/ on the contrary
Similarly/ likewise

重要句型
（1）There be句型
There is an increase in the number of …
There are increasingly more …
（2）纵坐标作主语
The number (percentage) of … went up / down
（3）横坐标作主语（一般是时间）
表达经历： see/ witness/ experience

结尾段: paraphrase趋势句,总结最有特性旳点.
In summary, it is predicted that oil prices tends to increase. Besides, the price in 2023 is projected to be more than six times that in 1995.

例:
The information in the graph below contains information about the cost of a house in Britain over 40 years, with projections into the future.

The line graph presents us the UK house prices changes in pounds sterling of 45 years from 1970 to 2023.
In general, the UK house prices has kept rising since 1970 and will continue to rise in the coming five years. At the first five years between 1970 and 1975, the house price in UK remains constant at 100 thousand and in the following decade, rose only slightly to 120 by 1985. Then there is a gentle decrease to around 115 in 1990. The number began to climb again since 1990, but still steadily. However, since 2023, the number jumped to a peak of 190 by 2023 and then began to decline.
In conclusion, the UK house prices are supposed to decline in the five coming years but above 180 thousand pounds sterling.

高分语言示范:
Number of full-time teachers of regular schools (in millions) in China (1960-1990)

1. There be + 定语从句which
（There was a rise from …, which was followed by an increase/ decrease …// which led to// which preceded..）
According to the figure, there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from five million in 1960 to three million in 1962, which was followed by a rapid increase over the next two years.

2. Before + V-ing
From 1960 to 1962, the number of full-time teachers went down from 5 million to the bottom of 3 million before rising to 5 million in the following two years.

3. 并列构造and + until 定语从句when
The number dropped again from almost six million in 1964 to five million in 1966 and then went up gradually until 1976 when there was a leveling-off at eight million for the next ten years.

4. 定语从句which + 非谓语动词V-ing
From that time onwards, there was a slow decrease to 5 million in 1966, which was followed by a rapid increase of 3 million, leveling off/ out at 8 million in 1976 and remaining constant at that level in the next 10 years.

5. 年代作主语 + 非谓语动词V-ing
1986 to 1990 witnessed a rising number of teachers, peaking at / reaching the highest point of 10 in 1990.

6. 同位语
From 1986 to 1990, the figure/ data climbed steadily to 10, the peak of all time.

双线图和多线图：分开描述，最终比较。

例1：
The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.
Percentage of UK population over 4 years old

Time of day and night

The graph shows the percentage of radio and television audiences over 4 years old in the UK throughout one day of 1992.
Generally/ on the whole，both graphs increased before a decrease afterwards both line graphs fluctuated during a day. （中间段：整体趋势）
The data indicates that radio listeners increased (grow, go up) substantially (dramatically, sharply) from 10 percent in 6 am to 25% in 8 am, a peak of all time. The percentage then declined (decrease, drop) steadily to 11% at 4 pm and 2% until 4 am, a bottom of all time. The hour from 4 am to 6 am experienced a gentle rise. （Radio）
As for/ concerning TV viewers/ the graph of Television viewers, from 6 am to 8:30 am the percentage went up from no more than 2% to 8%, leveling off at that line in the following two hours, which was followed by a slight decrease until 12 am. From then on, the figure went up gradually to 15%. Despite a little drop afterwards, the percentage of TV viewers went on an upward trend from 2 pm to the peak of no less than 45% at 8 pm. After that, the line graph dropped rapidly, reaching a bottom of 2% at 4 pm and experienced little change in the next two hours. （TV）
From the chart, it is found that before 2 pm, the number of radio viewers outperformed / outweighed / prevailed over that of TV viewers while the opposite was true after 2 pm.
Besides/ in addition, the prime time for radio and television was 8 am and 8 pm respectively. （结尾段）

例2：
The graph below compares changes in the birth rates of China and the USA between 1920 and 2023.

Birth rate (%)

Year

A glance at the graph provided reveals some striking similarities between the Chinese and US birth rates during the period from 1920 to 2023.
It is evident that both nations saw considerable fluctuations in fertility, with lows during the 1940s and highs during the 1950s.
Increasing from approximately 10 percent in 1920 to 15 percent in 1935, China’s birth rate then plunged to a low of just 5 percent in the 1940s. This was followed by a period of exponential growth, with fertility in the country reaching a peak of 20 percent in 1950. The latter half of the century, however, brought a sustained decline in this figure.
The US birth rate, meanwhile, fluctuated at somewhere between 11 and 13 percent prior to 1940, before dropping sharply to less than 5 percent in 1945. The following 5 years saw a rapid climb in this rate, to somewhere in the vicinity of 14 percent in 1950, followed by a steady fall.
It is interesting to note that while the birth rates of both countries were comparable until 1950, the gap between the two widened after this time as fertility in China slide away.

例3：
The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat on a European country between 1979 and 2023.

The graph illustrates changes in the amount of beef, lamp, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2023.
In 1979, beef was by far the most popular of these food, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).
However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beer and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable. The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2023, it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.
Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the opportunity of these other foods decreased over the period.

例4:
The graph below shows people’s life expectancy in five different countries from 1970 to 2023.
Summarise the information by reporting and selecting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

A glance at the multiple-line graph provided reveals the average life span in five countries over a period of forty years, from 1970 to 2023.
Generally speaking, Panac and Sejen saw an increase in life expectancy, but Rothan, South Nagin and Zaceb experienced a decrease. （总体趋势）
In 1970, Panac and Sejen had the highest average life expectancy, at 71 and 74 years old respectively. This figure steadily increased throughout the years, reaching 80 or just above by 2023.
Rothan citizens could expect to live up to 68 years old on average in 1970. There was a slight drop to 65 in 2023 and this remained steady until 2023.
In contrast, South Nagin and Zaceb had a shorter average life expectancy than the other three countries at 52 years old in 1970, rising to just under 60 in 1980 and staying fairly constant for a decade or more. Then both countries’ life spans fell quite dramatically to 45 and 38 years old respectively in 2023.
In summary, the public in Panac and Sejen enjoyed longer life expectancy compared with people in other three countries.