初中英语考试语法专题之主谓一致精讲讲练.docx

主谓一致是指主语和谓语必须保持人称和数的变化一致，即句中谓语的变化形式由句子主语的人称和数的形式决定。主谓一致通常遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。

1语法一致
语法一致是指主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
考点一：一般情况下，主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
考点二：动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【考例链接】
( )1. The twins ______ fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
( )2. One of my friends ______ moved to America. I miss her so much.
A. has B. have C. are
( )3. Playing computer games too much ______ bad for students’ health .
A. am B. is C. are
考点三：
1. 复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. neither of ... / none of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。
3. either指“两者之中任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。either of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。
4. each作同位语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的数；each of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
考点四：当用both ... and ... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。当and连接的两个名词表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式；当表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
考点五：当主语后面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由主语的单、复数形式决定。
【考例链接】

( ) 1. We each ______ WeChat nowadays, even the old people.
A. play B. plays C. playing
( )2. —What would you like, coffee or tea?
—Either ______ OK. I don’t mind.
A. is B. are C. was
( )3. My sister with my parents ______ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making
考点六：一些由两部分构成的表示物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如shoes, trousers, jeans, scissors, chopsticks等。但如果这些名词前有量词如pair等修饰时，谓语动词的数与量词保持一致。
【考例链接】
( ) The pair of trousers ______ me. I’ll take it.
A. fit B. fits C. will fit
考点七：
1. “a (large / small) number of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. “分数 / 百分数+ of + 名词”和“the rest / most of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由名词决定。
【考例链接】
( )1. In our city there ______ a number of cars and the number of them ______ growing larger and larger.
A. are; is B. have; is C. is; are
( )2. About ______ of the land ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. three fifths; is B. three fifths; are C. three fifth; are
( )3. The number of the volunteers in our city ______ 2,000. And sixty percent of them ______ teachers and students.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are

2意义一致
意义一致是指谓语动词和主语的一致不是取决于主语的语法形式，而是由其意义所决定。
考点一：当数词作主语或当表示距离、金额、时间等名词(短语)作主语时，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
【考例链接】
( )1. Fifty yuan ______ enough.
A. is B. am C. are
( )2. —Mom, I watched TV for only forty minutes. Sometimes ______ TV is good for us.
—Forty minutes ______ enough. Now you must do your homework.
A. watch; is
B. watching; was
C. watched; are
D. watching; were
考点二：有些集体名词常指复数的人或物，谓语动词用复数形式，如police；有些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式，如family, class, team, group, crowd等；当population意为“人口数量”时，谓语动词用单数形式；意为“全体居民”时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。
【考例链接】
( )1. The population of China ______ over 1.3 billion and China has bigger population than ______ in the world.
A. is; any country
B. is; any other country
C. are; the other countries
D. are; any other countries
( )2. Look! The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river.
A. am carrying B. is carrying
C. are carrying D. are carried
考点三：以-s结尾的单数名词如news, physics, maths, politics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【考例链接】
( )—Politics ______ my favorite subject. What about you?
—Physics ______. I think it’s very interesting.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are；is
考点四：
1. “the + 形容词”表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。这类词有the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等。
2. “the + 姓氏的复数形式”表示某一家人或夫妇两人，其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
【考例链接】
( )1. The old ______ our help, so we should care for them.
A. refuses B. refuse
C. needs D. need
( )2. The Greens ______ a TV show now.
A. is watching B. are watching
C. watch D. watches
考点五：定语从句中谓语动词的单复数取决于其先行词的单复数。

【考例链接】
( )—I really want to relax myself. Could we see City Danger tonight?
—Sure! The actor ______ a hero used to be a schoolteacher. I like him very much.
A. who play B. which plays
C. who plays D. that play
3

就近一致

就近一致是指谓语动词的数要与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
考点一：以or, not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ... 等连接的名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
【考例链接】
( )1. Not only you but also everyone here ______ watching football matches.
A. likes B. like C. is like
( )2. Neither Li Hua nor I ______ good at writing.
A. am B. is C. are
( )3. —What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice ______ OK. I don’t mind.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
考点二：在there be 句型中，如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，主语与谓语的一致通常遵循就近一致原则。

【考例链接】
( )1. There ______ a pencil and some pens in the box.
A. is B. are C. aren’t
( )2. Don’t worry. There ______ enough water, vegetables and
fruits in the fridge.
A. have B. are C. is