新编英语教程第6册Unit-Three.pptx

Unit ThreeText I Walls and Barriers vI.Organization of the Textv1.Introduction of the topic by quoting the negative attitude of the authors father toward modern architecture(a bank building):Architecture is an expression of peoples mentality.(Paragraphs 1-2)I.Organization of the Textv2.Detailed discussion of the topic(Paragraphs 3 10)vA.Contrast between peoples different views of money and reflection of this in the architectural designs of banks(3 5)v Contrast of money,function of the bank and form of architecture(3 4)I.Organization of the Textv Conclusion:Architecture is a medium for the expression of human beliefs and attitudes(5)vB.Contrast of classical and new criticism of architecture(6)vC.Contrast between primitive society and modern society in architectural designs(7 10)I.Organization of the Textv Attitude toward threat and hostility from the world of menv Attitude toward privacyv Effect on architecture:Heavy walls are obsolete,more delicate materials are used instead.I.Organization of the Textv3.Conclusion:The form of architecture is determined by its function.(Paragraph 11)II.Key Points of the TextvParagraph 2vunnerve:make someone lose self-control,confidence or courage 使某人失使某人失去自制力、信心或勇气去自制力、信心或勇气vE.g.:His encounter with the guard dog had completely unnerved him.他遇上了他遇上了警卫犬，把他吓坏了。警卫犬，把他吓坏了。Paragraph 2v His negative comments on my essay unnerved me.vunnerving adj.:upsetting,frighteningvE.g.:She found the whole interview rather unnerving.她觉得整个面试都让人气她觉得整个面试都让人气馁。馁。Paragraph 2vnot so much something as something:not one thing but rather something else 不是不是而是而是vE.g.:She is not so much poor as careful with money.她倒不是穷而是太在乎钱了。她倒不是穷而是太在乎钱了。Paragraph 2vWhy do you think Raskins father and people of his generation take a negative attitude toward a bank with glass walls?vTo them,money is a tangible commodity.To deposit money in a bank is to keep it in the safe the banker provides.Therefore,a bank must be solidly constructed to perform this function.A bank with glass walls falls short of the expectations of these people.Paragraph 3va tangible commodity:a material thing,a substantial objectvbullion:gold or silver in bulk or bars,before it is made into coins,etc.金或银锭（条）金或银锭（条）vheft:lift something in order to judge or estimate its weight 举起举起以掂重量以掂重量Paragraph 3vE.g.:pick a stone up and heft it 捡起一块捡起一块石头掂一掂有多重石头掂一掂有多重vhefty adj.:of considerate weight 沉重的沉重的vE.g.:The baby is a hefty armful.这娃娃抱这娃娃抱在手里挺沉的。在手里挺沉的。vaffirm the fact:state/assert the fact strongly and publiclyParagraph 3vaffirm:declare(usually in answer to a question or doubt)vE.g.:The Deans Office affirmed that there would be a special teachers training course in summer.Paragraph 3vimpregnable:unable to be broken into;(figurative)unable to be defeated 攻不破的；固攻不破的；固若金汤的；无懈可击的；驳不倒的若金汤的；无懈可击的；驳不倒的;坚定坚定v定的定的vE.g.:They felt safe behind the impregnable walls.v It was his impregnable belief that“Honesty is the best policy.”Paragraph 4vexcepting:exceptvalways excepting:except forvnot excepting(also without excepting):includingvdash:a combination of bravery and style；enthusiasm 闯劲；勇猛闯劲；勇猛Paragraph 4v E.g.:The general had both skill and dash.这位将军智勇双全。这位将军智勇双全。v All his activities showed the same dash and spirit.他的一切活动都表现出同样他的一切活动都表现出同样的干劲和气魄。的干劲和气魄。vflair:natural ability to do some special thing 天赋，资质；特别的才能（本领、诀窍）天赋，资质；特别的才能（本领、诀窍）Paragraph 4vE.g.:a flair for music 学习音乐的天分学习音乐的天分v be impressed by sb.s political flair 对对某人的政治才干有深刻印象某人的政治才干有深刻印象vin view of:considering;taking into considerationvheartily:in a cheerful way;here,completely and absolutelyParagraph 4vE.g.:Seeing his daughter perform so well on the stage,he laughed heartily.v Im heartily tired of this kind of TV show.vchallenge:defy,show no fear or no respect for Paragraph 4vvault:a roof or ceiling made by a number of arches;a room with thick walls and a heavy door to protect it against fire and thieves,in which money,jewels,important papers,etc.,are kept at a bank 拱顶拱顶;穹隆穹隆;金库；保险库金库；保险库vE.g.:the vault of heaven 天穹天穹vset out:arrange the appearance of 规划规划,设计设计;布置布置vE.g.:The garden was set out in formal style.Paragraph 4vWhat changes,according to the author,have occurred in peoples notion of money,in the function of the bank,and,accordingly,in its architectural features?What point does Raskin want to illustrate by dealing with these changes?Paragraph 4vMoney:used to be a tangible commodity;being less tangible now,less cash being used,being replaced largely by credit.vFunction of the bank:provision of a safe before;provision of services now.vArchitecture:used to have an impregnable appearance;has become a cubical cage of glass,the door becoming a window display.Paragraph 4vThe point illustrated:Architecture is a medium for the expression of human beliefs and attitudes.Paragraph 5vone and the same:the very same 完全一完全一样的，同一个的样的，同一个的vE.g.:One and the same idea occurred to each of them.他们每一个人都产生同样的想他们每一个人都产生同样的想法。法。Paragraph 6vdepart from:deviate from,turn away from(an accepted or traditional course of action)背离，违反背离，违反vE.g.:Entertainment today departs from the oldsters concept of entertainment in many ways.Paragraph 6vHow does Raskin contrast“classical”and“new”theories of architecture?vClassical architecture measures excellence by form with little regard to function.The new theory of architecture stresses the integration of form and function,especially the function of architecture as a manifestation of human mentality.Paragraph 7vboulder:a large stone or a mass of rock 巨砾巨砾va delimited space:a space with its limits fixedvdelimit:determine the limits or boundaries of 定定的界限；作为的界限；作为的边界的边界Paragraph 7vE.g.:The two countries signed an agreement that delimited the boundary line for the long-disputed area.villusory:deceiving and unreal;based on an illusion 虚假的，不可靠的；不实际的虚假的，不可靠的；不实际的vE.g.:bask in illusory and temporary security 陶醉在虚假而短暂的安全感之中陶醉在虚假而短暂的安全感之中 Paragraph 7v illusory hopes 不切实际的希望不切实际的希望vc.f.illusionary:of illusion 错觉（或幻觉、错觉（或幻觉、幻想等）的；造成错觉（或幻觉）的；错觉幻想等）的；造成错觉（或幻觉）的；错觉（或幻觉）般的（或幻觉）般的vE.g.:illusionary stage effects 造成错觉的造成错觉的舞台效果舞台效果Paragraph 7vpreclude:prevent from happening;make impossible 排除；防止，杜绝；阻止，妨碍排除；防止，杜绝；阻止，妨碍vE.g.:What he said seemed to preclude all possibilities of drawing up an ideal plan.v Barbed wire entanglements precluded the possibility of escape.有刺铁丝网杜绝有刺铁丝网杜绝了逃跑的可能。了逃跑的可能。Paragraph 7v The adoption of one choice often precludes the use of another.选取了一种选取了一种常常就不得使用另一种了。常常就不得使用另一种了。v The heavy snow precluded me from attending the meeting.大雪使我不能出席大雪使我不能出席会议。会议。Paragraph 7vdissolution:the ending or breaking up of an association,group,partnership,etc.解除，解散；瓦解解除，解散；瓦解vE.g.:the dissolution of a partnership 合作合作伙伴关系的解除伙伴关系的解除v the dissolution of a political party 政党政党的解散的解散Paragraph 7v the dissolution of a treaty 条约的终止条约的终止v the dissolution of an empire 帝国的瓦解帝国的瓦解vWhat point is the example in the paragraph supposed to illustrate?vThe last sentence in Para.6 i.e.,“walls are not simply walls but physical symbols of the barriers in mens minds.”Paragraph 8vWhat do the words“And then”at the beginning of the paragraph indicate?vThe paragraph is a continuation of the discussion of walls as barriers carried out in the preceding paragraph,but from another aspect.Paragraph 8vpry:look secretly at or find out about someone elses private possessions or affairs 窥探；窥视，偷看窥探；窥视，偷看vvile:hateful;shameful;evil;low and worthless 卑鄙的，可耻的；邪恶的；肮脏卑鄙的，可耻的；邪恶的；肮脏的，污秽的的，污秽的vE.g.:vile practices 无耻行径无耻行径v vile habits 恶习恶习Paragraph 8v a vile slum 肮脏的贫民窟肮脏的贫民窟v vile language 脏话脏话vlitter:轿子轿子vpatio:an open space between a house and garden,with a stone floor,used for sitting on in fine weather 庭院，天井，院庭院，天井，院子子Paragraph 8vby engaging in the intimate activities:by taking part in the private activitiesvengage in:take part in;be involved invE.g.:My brother engages in marketing research.vas against:in comparison withParagraph 8vintricacy:the quality or state of being intricate;(often plural)something intricate 错综复杂，盘根错节；复杂精细；错综复杂，盘根错节；复杂精细；错综复杂的事物；纷繁难懂之处错综复杂的事物；纷繁难懂之处 vE.g.:These improvements increase the intricacy of the mechanisms.这些改进使这些改进使机械装置更为机巧灵活。机械装置更为机巧灵活。Paragraph 8v be aware of the intricacies of those processes 注意到那些工序错综复杂的细节注意到那些工序错综复杂的细节 v teach sb.the intricacies of cricket 教某教某人纷繁而难掌握的板球技术要领人纷繁而难掌握的板球技术要领vare illustrative of this attitude:explain this attitudevbe illustrative of:explainParagraph 8vE.g.:Her behavior is illustrative of her kindheartedness and generosity.vWhat evidence does Raskin give to prove that people in some Mediterranean cultures attached great importance to their private life and inner world?Paragraph 8vBehavior-went about in guarded litters or veiled.vArchitectural features-surrounding walls,rooms facing a patio,etc.vDecorative arts-intricate and rich.vPhilosophy-contemplative.Paragraph 9vconvention:generally accepted practice,especially with regard to social behavior 惯例，行为准则惯例，行为准则vE.g.:Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention.握手时用右手是一握手时用右手是一种惯例。种惯例。v a slave to social conventions 社会上各社会上各种清规戒律的奴隶种清规戒律的奴隶Paragraph 9vcherish:keep(feelings or ides)firmly in mind 珍爱，珍视；爱；爱护珍爱，珍视；爱；爱护vE.g.:I do cherish our last meeting in Harbin.It meant so much to me.vgo for:be true of 适用于适用于Paragraph 9vE.g.:What I have said about Smith goes for you,too.我说的关于史密斯的话也适用我说的关于史密斯的话也适用于你。于你。vflick:(cause to)move with a light quick blow 啪地开动啪地开动vE.g.:flick the switch 啪地一声音打开开关啪地一声音打开开关v flick off a radio 啪地一声把收音机关掉啪地一声把收音机关掉Paragraph 9vsmall wonder:no wonder;it is not surprisingvE.g.:Wang has been reading various kinds of English books.Small wonder he has such a large English vocabulary and he writes so well in English.Paragraph 9vIn which two aspects of life does Raskin contrast the modern men and their predecessors?In what way do the differences affect architecture?vOne:attitude toward threat and hostility from the world of men.vTwo:attitude toward privacy.Paragraph 9vEffect on architecture:Heavy walls are obsolete,more delicate materials are used instead.Paragraph 10vqualms:(usually plural)an uneasy feeling of uncertainty,especially as to whether something is right;misgivings 怀疑怀疑;疑虑疑虑;不安不安vE.g.:Corrupt officials have no qualms about graft(贪污贪污)and bribery(受贿受贿).Paragraph 10v He had/felt no serious qualms about concealing the information from the police.他向警方隐瞒实情而并未感到十分不他向警方隐瞒实情而并未感到十分不妥妥.vall the way around:completely;entirelyParagraph 10vtoilette/twa:let;toi let/:梳妆，打扮梳妆，打扮vWhy are glass walls becoming popular in architecture?vThe traditional functions of walls have changed,and glass walls can perform the functions walls are expected to perform in modern architecture.Whats more,glass walls adequately express the beliefs of the modern man.Paragraph 11vbe consistent with:be in agreement withvE.g.:His action is always consistent with his words.vthe eventual solution:the solution which will take place at last as a resultParagraph 11vE.g.:His persistent training led to his eventual success at the tennis championship.vWhat general conclusion can you draw with regard to the relation between the form and function of architecture from Raskins article.Paragraph 11vThe form of architecture is determined by its function.III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vsensation,senses,feeling;sensible,rational,reasonable,sanevsensation:applicable to an impression originating either from within or from outside the body and conveyed to the nervous system by the organs of seeing,hearing,touching,tasting or smelling.III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vIn general usage,the meaning of sensation is extended to include not only sensing but also the attendant(伴随的伴随的)emotional and mental responses:v to have a sensation that everyone in the room is staring at you;v a recollection that brought a sensation of sadness.III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vsense:refers strictly to the physical agencies(taste,touch,sight,hearing and smell)by or through which a person or animal receives impressions from outside his own organism.In the plural it is applicable to the total awareness of the world about one:III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6v After the accident he came to his senses in a hospital bed.vWhatever one experiences through the senses is a sensation.vfeeling:is sometimes used loosely in place of sense and sensation.III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vMore precisely,feeling applies to the faculty(官能；功能官能；功能)by which one perceives sensations of pain,pressure,heat and cold,contact,etc.It may refer also to kinaesthesia(肌肉的运动感觉肌肉的运动感觉)-the perception of muscular movement,III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vtension or tone(活力；弹性活力；弹性)derived from the functioning of nerves connected with muscle tissue,skin,joints and tendons:v After his spinal injury,he had no feeling in his legs.vsensible:puts less emphasis on intelligence than on common sense;it suggests an attitude that is prudent(审慎的审慎的),calmly controlled,III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vconsiderate,understanding and aware of consequences by virtue of(借助借助)distilled(积累的积累的)experience:v the few sensible men who refused to indulge in the foolish fads(时尚时尚)of the day;v a sensible approach to a controversial subject;III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6v the plain,sensible people who are the backbone of the nation.vreasonable:is similar to sensible in emphasizing the value of distilled experience;but its connotations are slightly different in suggesting an approach or situation that is fair,just,objective or unemotional in its avoidance of extremes:III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6v a reasonable price;v reasonable neighbors who did not object to the occasional parties he held;v asking his son to be reasonable about his demands for the family car.vrational:is emphatic about the value of reason as a guide;this contrasts with the III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vstress on experience implied by the previous words.Most specifically,it points to a problem-solving process of thinking that employs valid or logical methods in reaching conclusions:v a rational explanation for the enigmatic(神秘的神秘的)events surrounding the catastrophe.III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vRational may also indicate a coherent mind,one that is not mentally unbalanced or at the mercy of overpowering emotions:v becoming more rational as the tranquillizer took effect;v psychiatrists who debated if the accused man was rational enough to stand trial.III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vsane:is commonly used in both ordinary speech and legal terminology to refer to someone who is not psychotic(精神错乱精神错乱的的):v declared to have been sane at the time of the murders.III.Exercise IV,Workbook 6vSane also has a use akin to reasonable in referring to a fair,just or sensible approach:v sane legislation to deal with an increasingly urgent problem;v sane attitudes towards disciplining their children.Text II Barrier Signals 障碍信号障碍信号vI.Organization of the Textv1.Thesis statement and definition of a Barrier Signal(Paragraphs 1 2)v2.Body-cross,the most popular form of Barrier Signal,in both disguised and less disguised ways(Paragraph 3 12)I.Organization of the TextvA.In disguised ways(4 7)v The special guest on a gala occasion (4)v The female guest on a gala occasi