直接英语和间接英语.pptx

直接英语和间接英语直接英语和间接英语句型转换句型转换制作：冯军制作：冯军一、句型的变化一、句型的变化（一）如果直接引语是陈述句，间接引语一般是用（一）如果直接引语是陈述句，间接引语一般是用that来引导。口语中来引导。口语中that常可以省略。常可以省略。“Iliketolistentorockmusic,”saidPeter.Petersaidthathelikedtolistentorockmusic.【温馨提示温馨提示】如果直接引语中出现两个或两个以上的如果直接引语中出现两个或两个以上的陈述句并列时，第一个陈述句并列时，第一个that可以省略，后面一个不能可以省略，后面一个不能省略，以免引起歧义。如：省略，以免引起歧义。如：Theteachersaid,“Thetextisveryimportant.Youshouldlearnitbyheart.”Theteachersaid(that)thetextisimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.(二二)如果直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句如果直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时时，间接引语常变为由，间接引语常变为由whether/if引导，而且引导，而且要用陈述句语序。如：要用陈述句语序。如：1)The boy asked his mother,“Can I go to play football with my friends on Saturday?”The boy asked his mother whether/if he could go to play football with his friends on Saturday.2)“Will you go to the museum this weekend or next weekend?”Li Hua asked me.Li Hua asked me whether/if I would go to the museum this weekend or the next weekend.(三三)如果直接引语是特殊问句，间接引语用特如果直接引语是特殊问句，间接引语用特殊疑问词引导，而且用陈述句语序。如：殊疑问词引导，而且用陈述句语序。如：“Howmuchtimedoyouspendonthehomework?”heaskedme.HeaskedmehowmuchtimeIspentonthehomework.（四）如果间接引语是表示请求、提议、建议、（四）如果间接引语是表示请求、提议、建议、劝告等意义的问句，要借助其他句型结构来表劝告等意义的问句，要借助其他句型结构来表达。如：达。如：1)“Would you buy me some stamps while you are in the office?”He said to me.He asked me to buy him some stamps while I am in the office.2)“Why dont you come and play football with me?”He asked.He advised me to play football with him.【温馨提示温馨提示】表示请求、劝告时，通常用表示请求、劝告时，通常用“ask/advise/want等等+宾语宾语+动词不定式动词不定式”结结构。构。(五五)如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell(ask,order,warn,advise等等)sb.(not)todosth.如：如：1)The policeman said to the children,“Dont play football in the street.”The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.2)“Listen to me carefully,please.”the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to listen to him carefully.【温馨提示温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了如果祈使句中出现了please,在间在间接引语中必须省略。接引语中必须省略。(六六)如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用用what,how或或that来引述。如：来引述。如：“Whatabeautifulhouseitis!”hesaidtome.Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas.Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse.二、时态的变化二、时态的变化（一）如果主句的时态是一般现在时或将来（一）如果主句的时态是一般现在时或将来时，则间接引语中的时态不变。如；时，则间接引语中的时态不变。如；Hesays,“Imtootired.”Hesays(that)heistootired.（二）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，则间接（二）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，则间接引语中的时态相应地变为与过去相关的时态。引语中的时态相应地变为与过去相关的时态。具体变化如下：具体变化如下：一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时1)Theoldmansaid,“Greatchangeshave taken place inChina.”Theoldmansaidthatgreatchangeshad taken placeinChina.2)“WangLinis waiting foryououtsideoftheschoolgate.”LiFangsaidtome.LiFangtoldmethatWangLinwas waiting formeoutsideoftheschoolgate【温馨提示温馨提示1】当转述的是客观事实、科学真当转述的是客观事实、科学真理、格言或谚语；重复出现或现在习惯性的理、格言或谚语；重复出现或现在习惯性的动作时，间接引语的时态不变化。如：动作时，间接引语的时态不变化。如：1)Hesaid,“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthtravels aroundthesun.2)“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”Theteachersaidtous.Theteachertoldusthatfailure isthemotherofsuccess.【温馨提示温馨提示2】当直接引语中的谓语动词当直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词含有情态动词must,need,oughtto,hadbetter等，变间接引语时，间接引语中谓等，变间接引语时，间接引语中谓语动词的形式不变。如：语动词的形式不变。如：1)Hesaid,“Youhadbetteraskforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.”HesaidthatIhadbetteraskforhelpwhenIwasintrouble.三、人称代词的变化三、人称代词的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中作主直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中作主语的人称代词或其他物主代词要作相应的变语的人称代词或其他物主代词要作相应的变化。一般情况下要遵循以下几条原则：化。一般情况下要遵循以下几条原则：（一）直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间（一）直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，要和主句的主语保持一致。如：接引语时，要和主句的主语保持一致。如：“CanIuseyourbikeforamoment?”theboysaidtome.The boy askedme whetherhecouldusemybikeformoment.(二二)直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。间接引语时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。如：如：TheteacheraskedJoan,“Whyareyoulateagain?”TheteacheraskedJoanwhyshe waslateagain.（三）直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间（三）直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引语时，间接引语中的主语人称不变。如：接引语时，间接引语中的主语人称不变。如：Heaskedme,“HowlonghasTeddystayedinChina?”HeaskedmehowlonghasTeddystayedinChina.四、主句谓语动词的变化四、主句谓语动词的变化(一一)直接引语是陈述句，谓语动词是直接引语是陈述句，谓语动词是say(said)的不变，是的不变，是saidtosb.常变为常变为toldsb.如：如：Hesaidtohisfriend,“Iamgladtoseeyou.”Hetoldhisfriendthathewasgladtoseehim.(二二)直接引语是特殊疑问句、一般疑问句直接引语是特殊疑问句、一般疑问句或选择疑问句，或选择疑问句，said变为变为asked;saidtosb.变为变为askedsb.如：如：“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoBetty.MaryaskedBettyhowshecoulddothat.(三三)直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时，谓语动词可根据语气强弱选则时，谓语动词可根据语气强弱选则beg,advise,ask,tell,order,warn等。如果祈使句是否定句，还需在不等。如果祈使句是否定句，还需在不定式符号定式符号to前加前加not.如：如：Isaidtoher,“Pleasepassmeaglassofwater.”Iaskedhertopassmeaglassofwater.Shesaid,“Dontsmokeinthepublicplace.”Shetoldmenottosmokeinthepublicplace.(四四)直接引语是感叹句，变间接引直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，引述动词常用语时，引述动词常用tell,exclaim或或say等。如：等。如：“Howwellhelooks!”hesaid.Heexclaimedhowwellhelooked.Hesaidthathelookedwell.五、指示代词、时间状语、地点五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化状语和方向性动词的变化（一）指示代词的变化（一）指示代词的变化thisthatthesethose但有时如果所说的东西就在眼前，但有时如果所说的东西就在眼前，也可不变。如：也可不变。如：Hesaid,“Ilikethisbook.”Hesaidthathelikedthisbook.(书在眼前书在眼前)二）时间状语的变化二）时间状语的变化todaythatdaythismorning/afternoon,etc.thatmorning/afternoon,etc.yesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthefollowing/nextdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodayslaternextweek/month,etc.thenextweek/month,etc.lastweek/monththeweek/monthbeforenowthen如果引述的时间和说话时间相同如果引述的时间和说话时间相同（如就在同年、同月、同日），（如就在同年、同月、同日），时间状语也可不变。如：时间状语也可不变。如：MrBlacksaid,“IvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.”MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalltheyearbefore.MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.(三三)地点和方向性动词的变化地点和方向性动词的变化heretherecomego如果说话人所在地和引述地点相同，如果说话人所在地和引述地点相同，here，come也可不变。如：也可不变。如：Hesaid,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethisevening.(同时同地引述同时同地引述)Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatevening.巩固练习：将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引巩固练习：将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语语1.Hesaidtome,“Iwrotealettertomyparentslastweek.”He_methat_aletterto_parents_.2.“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,”mothersaidtoherdaughter.Mother_herdaughterthatthesun_uptheeastand_inthewest.toldhehadwrittenhistheweekbeforetoldrisessets3.“Dontbelateagain,Jim,”saidtheteacher.Theteacher_belateagain.4.“HaveyouseenthefilmHarryPotter?”heasked.Heaskedme_thefilmHarryPotter.5.MrWangaskedthestudentshowtheycouldimprovetheirspokenEnglish.“_improve_spokenEnglish?”MrWangsaidtothestudents.toldJimnottoifIhadseenHowcanyouyourGrammarII定语从句定语从句1.定语从句的分类定语从句的分类 2.定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词 3.关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系 4.关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词和关系副词的用法 及其容易混用的情况及其容易混用的情况5.介词加关系代词的情况介词加关系代词的情况 6.as引导的两种定语从句引导的两种定语从句3.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.that=the machine who=the boy whose=the boys where=in the school关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词4.关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词和关系副词的用法 及其容易混用的情况及其容易混用的情况Fill in the blanks,using relative pron.or relative adv.1.This is the factory _ I once worked.2.This is the factory _ Ive visited.3.The day _ I always remember is Oct.1.4.The day _Nanjing was liberated is Sep.11.5.The reason _ he hasnt come is that he has been ill.6.Dont believe the reason _ he give you.wherethat/whichthat/whichwhenwhythatAttributive ClauseNOTES:1.当表示当表示时间时间,地点地点,原因原因的名词的名词,day,time,place,factory,reason等作先等作先行词，在定语从句中作行词，在定语从句中作状语状语时，用时，用when,where,why；在从句中；在从句中作主语作主语或宾语或宾语时，就用时，就用that或或which.5.介词加关系代词的情况介词加关系代词的情况When we use a relative pronoun with a preposition,we have two choices.Placing the preposition before the relative pronoun is more formal.eg.The woman who/whom Spielberg is married to is an actress.The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress.The painting at which I looked was painted by Vincent van Gogh.The girl with whom you talked is a college student.Attributive Clause Prep.+which/whom1).介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配.Thefarm_Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook.2).介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配Whoistheman_ourteacherisshakinghands?3).介词与从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性介词与从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的搭配的搭配Oursisabeautifulcountry,_wearegreatlyproud.on whichwith whomof whichAttributive Clause4).表示表示“所有格所有格”或或“整体中的部分整体中的部分”时，用介词时，用介词ofThereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory,80percent_arewomen.of whomC:Fillintheblanks,usingrelativepronoun,relativeadv.orprepositionwithwhich/whom.1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.2.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.3.Barcelonaisthecity_the25thSummerOlympicwereheld.towhomwherewhere1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which介词介词+关系代词关系代词 练习练习6.There is a tall tree outside,_ stands our teacher.7.China has a lot of rivers,the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8.The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9.The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.from whichto whomof whichof whichunder whichas 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as.This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)1.定语从句的分类定语从句的分类 2.定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词 3.关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系 4.关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词和关系副词的用法 及其容易混用的情况及其容易混用的情况5.介词加关系代词的情况介词加关系代词的情况 6.as引导的两种定语从句引导的两种定语从句3.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.that=the machine who=the boy whose=the boys where=in the school关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词4.关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词和关系副词的用法 及其容易混用的情况及其容易混用的情况Fill in the blanks,using relative pron.or relative adv.1.This is the factory _ I once worked.2.This is the factory _ Ive visited.3.The day _ I always remember is Oct.1.4.The day _Nanjing was liberated is Sep.11.5.The reason _ he hasnt come is that he has been ill.6.Dont believe the reason _ he give you.wherethat/whichthat/whichwhenwhythatAttributive ClauseNOTES:1.当表示当表示时间时间,地点地点,原因原因的名词的名词,day,time,place,factory,reason等作先等作先行词，在定语从句中作行词，在定语从句中作状语状语时，用时，用when,where,why；在从句中；在从句中作主语作主语或宾语或宾语时，就用时，就用that或或which.5.介词加关系代词的情况介词加关系代词的情况When we use a relative pronoun with a preposition,we have two choices.Placing the preposition before the relative pronoun is more formal.eg.The woman who/whom Spielberg is married to is an actress.The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress.The painting at which I looked was painted by Vincent van Gogh.The girl with whom you talked is a college student.Attributive Clause Prep.+which/whom1).介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配.Thefarm_Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook.2).介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配Whoistheman_ourteacherisshakinghands?3).介词与从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性介词与从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的搭配的搭配Oursisabeautifulcountry,_wearegreatlyproud.on whichwith whomof whichAttributive Clause4).表示表示“所有格所有格”或或“整体中的部分整体中的部分”时，用介词时，用介词ofThereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory,80percent_arewomen.of whomC:Fillintheblanks,usingrelativepronoun,relativeadv.orprepositionwithwhich/whom.1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.2.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.3.Barcelonaisthecity_the25thSummerOlympicwereheld.towhomwherewhere1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which介词介词+关系代词关系代词 练习练习6.There is a tall tree outside,_ stands our teacher.7.China has a lot of rivers,the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8.The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9.The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.from whichto whomof whichof whichunder whichas 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as.This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)GrammarIII被动语态被动语态3.一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态2.现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态1.一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态was/weredonehas/havebeendonewill/begoingto+bedone4.进行时的被动语态进行时的被动语态be+beingdoneChoosetherightanswers:1.Thenewfactory_inourcitylastyear.A.builtB.hasbuiltC.isbuildingD.wasbuilt2.Thiskindofmachine_cuttingpaper.A.usesforB.isusingforC.isusestoD.isusedfor3.Weknowthatthiskindofbike_inShenzhen.A.ismadeB.makesC.ismaking4.Thisdressis_silk.A.makeofB.madeofC.madein5.Beijing will _ beautiful flowers when National Day comes.A.cover B.cover with C.be covered D.be covered with6.The river smells terrible.People must _ dirty things into it.A.be stopped to throw B.be stopped from throwingC.stop to throw D.stop from throwing 7.This work _ next Monday.A.may finishB.finish C.finishes D.may be finished8.The key _ for locking the classroom door.A.usesB.is used C.is using D.useMultiple Choice:1.()Ifthework_,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade_intheclassroom.4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_intotheriver.A.needntbethrownB.mustntbethrownC.cantthrowD.maynotthrow5.()Ilikemybike.It_verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA3.()Kate_theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswritingA.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayedC6.()IwontcometothepartyunlessTom_,too.YoumeanifTomcomes,youllcome.8.()Thechildrenmust_.9.()Thewomanstilldoesntknowwhat_inherhometownDDBA.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited7.()EveryonewhoheardMr.Greensstory_it.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatAA.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappenedwhilehewasaway.A.lookafterB.betakengoodcareC.lookthesameD.betakengoodcareof10.()Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.Yes.Mybike_.A.ismendingB.isbeingmendedC.ismendedD.isbeingmendingB Fill in the blanks using right forms:1.Allthestudents_(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.2.Aremanyways_(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?3.What