高三英语一轮之定语从句.pptx
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1、(一)定义及相关术语(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。饰的先行词之后。2.先行词:先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词:关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等等关系副词有关系副词有:when,where,why关系词通常有下列三个作用:关系词通常有下列三个作用:
2、A.引导定语从句引导定语从句;B.代替先行词代替先行词;C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.(二)关系代词引导的定语从句(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.Y
3、esterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2.whom 指人,在定语从句中指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。做宾语,常可省略。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on thebus.Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.The girl(whom)the te
4、acher often praises is our monitor.注意:注意:关系代词关系代词 whom 在口语在口语或非正式文体中常可用或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替,也可省略。来代替,也可省略。The man(whom/who)you met just now is my oldfriend.3.which 指物,在定语从句中指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.The factory which makes computers is far
5、away from here.He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.The house which is by the lake looks nice.This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.4that 指人时,相当于指人时,相当于 who 或或 whom;指物时,相当于指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语。在定语从句中作主
6、语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that/who come to visit this city eachyear reaches one million.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind.The season that/which comes after spring is summer.Yesterday I received a letter that/whic
7、h came fromAustralia.5.whose 通常指人,也可指物,通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over thecountry.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.注意注意:指物时,常用下列结构指物时,常用下列结构来代替:来代替:The classroom whose door is broken will soon
8、 be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?(三)(三)“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导的定语从句导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由宾语时,从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。The school(which/that)he once
9、studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine(which/that)you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.This is the boy(whom/who/that)I played tennis withyesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis ye
10、sterday.Well go to hear the famous singer(whom/who/that)we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toim
11、proving our working conditions.注意注意:1.含有介词的短语动词一般不含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。后面。如:如:look for,look after,take care of 等。等。This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.This is the watch for which I am looking.The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.The babies(whom/wh
12、o/that)the nurse is looking after arevery healthy.若介词放在关系代词前,关若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用系代词指人时只可用whom,不不可用可用who,that;关系代词指物关系代词指物时只可用时只可用which,不可用不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.The plane in
13、which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可前还可有有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词等代词或者数词。He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind tohim.In the basket there are quite many apples,some
14、 of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom arefrom big cities.Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which areabout country life.(四)关系副词引导的定语从句(四)关系副词引导的定语从句1.when 指时间,在定语从句中指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
15、The time when we got together finally arrived.October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.2.where 指地点,在定语从句指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.I visited the farm wh
16、ere a lot of cows were raised.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.Is this the place where they fought the enemy?3.why 指原因,在定语从句中指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.I dont know the reason why h
17、e looks unhappy today.注意:注意:关系副词引导的定语从关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用句经常可以用“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”引导的定语从句来表示。引导的定语从句来表示。From the years when/in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.(五)限制性定语从句和非限(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上
18、是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“的”通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上A作宾语时可省略B不可省略A可用that B不用thatA可用who 代替 whom B不可用who 代替 whomGreat changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation isquite clear.The tea
19、cher told me that Tom was the only person that I coulddepend on.China is a country which has a long history.In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.限制性定语从句举例:非限制性定语从句举例非限制性定语从句举例:His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more pow
20、erful.Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall,in which many important meetings are held every year.注意区分下列几组句子的不同注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义:含义:1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her togo to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.(意含:她还有其他哥哥。)Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages herto go to
21、 college.她哥哥是当兵的,他总是鼓励她上大学。(意含:她只有一个哥哥。)2.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。(意含:不带插图的书则不一定写得好。)All the books,which have pictures in them,are well written.所有的书都带插图,这些书都写得很好。(意含:没有不带插图的书。)(一)限制性定语从句中只能(一)限制性定语从句中只能用用that 引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是当先行词是everything,a
22、nything,nothing(something 除除外外),all,none,few,little,some等等代词时,或当先行词受代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。等代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in theworld.All that can be done has been done.There is little that I ca
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- 英语 一轮 定语 从句
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