超详细初中英语语法定语从句及练习.pptx

一个一个美丽的美丽的女孩女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）（形容词作前置定语）一个一个穿白色衣服的穿白色衣服的女孩女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）一个一个正唱歌的正唱歌的女孩女孩agirl issingingwhoissinging（定语从句）（定语从句）定语定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）。名（代）词称为词称为中心词中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成定语要后置，翻译成“的的”。另外名词、数词、。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。什什么么是是定定语语？Li Ming is a boy.Li Ming has a pair of _ glasses.形容词作定语形容词作定语在复合句中，对一个名词或代词进行修饰在复合句中，对一个名词或代词进行修饰或限定的或限定的从句从句叫做叫做定语从句定语从句。goodLimingisaboywho/thatisgood.从句做定语从句做定语redLiMinghasapairofglasseswhich/thatisred.从句做定语从句做定语定定语语从从句句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句（没有逗号隔开）限制性定语从句（没有逗号隔开）TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Thenovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytoughing.先行词先行词引导词引导词(关系词）关系词）从句从句Limingisaboywho/thatisgood.（被修饰的名词或代（被修饰的名词或代词）词）（跟在先行词后，引（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子修饰先行词的句子一、定语从句一、定语从句结构结构分析：先行词分析：先行词+引导词引导词+从句从句This is the card that Ive just received.先行词先行词（被修饰的名词被修饰的名词或代词）或代词）引导词引导词（引引导从句的词）导从句的词）从句从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词who,that,which,whom,whoseWhere,when,why二、引导定语从句的关系词二、引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，of whichwherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词关系代词关系代词做做句子成分句子成分关系副词关系副词不做不做句子成分句子成分什么是句子成分？什么是句子成分？五大基本句型1.主语主语+谓语谓语vi2.主语主语+谓语谓语vt+宾语宾语3.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾语4.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾补5.主语+系动词+表语成分：主语成分：主语oror宾语宾语缺成分找代词缺成分找代词不缺找副词不缺找副词1.Harry Porter is a boy _has magic power.2.Doyouknowtheman_ we saw at the Beijing Hotel?3.I know the girl _mother is a teacher.4.Hospital is a place _a doctor worksWho/thatwherewhosewhom实战演练1.This is beijing_is beautiful.2.This is beijing_I vivsted.3.This is beijing_I lived.4.There is a house_roof is broken.which/thatwhich/that/不不where/inwhichwhose主主代词代词宾宾代词代词不缺不缺副词副词的的所属所属1.He is the teacher _ can speak French.2.Imnotinterestedinthebook_ has just been published.3.The teacher praised the student _English is the best in our class.4.I still remember the day _ I first came to the school.5.I want to know the place _ I was born.6.I know the reason _ he was late.Who/tnatwhich/thatwhenwherewhywhose1.Doyouknowthereason_shewaslate.2.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.3.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.4.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhichwhywhose 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。This is the book This is the book whose cover is blue.cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of which the cover the cover is blueis blue This is the book This is the book the cover of whichthe cover of which is is blueblueDoyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDo you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday.MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.Mr King,Mr King,whosewhose legs were badly hurt,legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.was quickly taken to hospital.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.We shall make a decision about Ms We shall make a decision about Ms King,King,whosewhose story I have told you.story I have told you.Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.The chair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebroken is being repaired now.Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKingThisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.This teacher,with whose son I work,is liked by all the studentsThebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.1Theriver_arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager_companytheyworkedagreed_theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!Thedictionary,_isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5MrBrown,_,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothereDADBC6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl_nameisLinda?AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,_importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8 Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south?AwhoseBwhichCwhichofDits9whataboutthewatchpriceis100yuan？AthatBitsCwhichDwhose10Wetelephonedthemanhomewelivedin1996.AwhoseBinwhoseCofwhichDhis11MarkTwins,for_lifehadoncebeenveryhard,wrotemanyfamousnovels.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDhis12Thereisamountain_isalwayscoveredwithsnow.AwhosethetopBofwhichtopCitstopDofwhichthetopCDADBCDAs As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时时,关系代词用关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethe samepenas Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.whenwhen指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.wherewhere指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导的从句替换导的从句替换(1)The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从关系代词引导的定语从句句指代对象指代对象 先行词先行词 关系副词及相应结构关系副词及相应结构时间时间dayyeardatetimewhenduring which time地点地点the placethe city地点地点wherein whichfrom which原因原因the reasonwhythatfor whichwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleagueon whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介介词词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years I lived two years ago.ago.in whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词for+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.1.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich“介词关系代词介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语引导定语从句应注意：从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhichTheboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboyto whomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.Theboyisinthelab.YouwanttotalktohimTheboy(whom/that)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboyto whomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom/that)Isitbehind.Thisistheboybehind whomIsit.Doyoufindthepen?IwrotewithitjustnowDoyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?Doyoufindthepenwith whichIwrotejustnow?关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词介词+whomwhichThewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy2.介词介词短语短语+whichwhomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.3.不定代词不定代词或数词或数词+whichwhomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名词名词+ofwhichShmentionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.partofwhom/whichThereare23studentsinourclass,A:_(他们都）他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）（没有一个）arefromBeijingallofwhommostofwhomsomeofwhomnoneofwhomThereare23studentsinourclass.(,and)A:_(他们都）他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）（没有一个）arefromBeijingallofthemmostofthemsomeofthemnoneofthemEverystudenthasmanybooks,A:_（大多数）（大多数）aretextbooks.B:_（一些）（一些）areextracurricularbooks.C:_（其余的）（其余的）arereferencebooks.D:_（没有一本）（没有一本）arenovels.E:_（有几本）（有几本）areEnglishbooks.mostofwhichsomeofwhichtherestofwhichnoneofwhichseveralofwhich1.Doyouknowwholivesinthe：building_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.thatCABBC做做试试做做试试6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhichDCDBA11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich13.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustnttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnottoosureCDatofinof17.Theyheldameeting,_whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.19.Isthistheman_whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.atforinthroughwithof1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest_isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,_treatedherwell,_madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_20aregirls;therestareboys.whichTowhomofwhichnoneofwhichwhichofwhomExercise1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.3.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise2.1.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.2.Sayall_youknow.3.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或或which引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat Jack saw a bicycle advertisement in a newspaper.The price was 68 dollars.So he went to the shop and asked to see the bicycle.The salesman was happy to show him.Jack checked the bicycle carefully.Soon,he said,“There isnt a lamp on this bicycle,but there was one on the bicycle in the ad.”“Yes,sir,”answered the man,“but the lamp isnt included in the price of the bicycle.“Not included in the price of the bicycle?”Jack said angrily,“but the lamp was in the ad.It should be in the price.”“Well,sir,”answer the shop owner coldly,“there was also a girl on the bicycle in the ad,but we cant give you a girl with the bicycle,either.”It is an ad _ Jack is a person_The bicycle in the ad is the one _Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._Imreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idontlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?1.Thehousethattheybuiltitin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywhohavenoarms.3.Wehavedoneeverythingwhichcanbedone.4.HeistheonlymanwhoIknowinthecity.5.Ihavebeentotheparkwhichtherearealotofflowers.6.TheparkwheretheoldpeopleusuallygotoiscalledZhongshanpark.7.Jimaskedthatwhowon.8.Look!ThetreewhereJackisclimbingisquitetall.改错改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分写时不用逗号分开。开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分写时往往逗号分开。开。1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Aqiao,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.说明说明：非限制性定语不能用非限制性定语不能用that引导；引导；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；要用逗号隔开。要用逗号隔开。用法与区别用法与区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句“限限”是先行词不可缺是先行词不可缺少的定语少的定语.如果省去，如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明主句意思不完整或不明确；确；“非限非限”只是附加只是附加说明。说明。All the people were talking about the wonderful clothThe emperor had ordered to be wovenThey set up a state of their own,where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.“限限”于主句之间不能于主句之间不能用逗号隔开；用逗号隔开；“非限非限”与主句之间要用逗号隔与主句之间要用逗号隔开。开。She is the nurse who looks after the children.The letter is from my sister,who is working in Beijing.“限限”可以用可以用that引导；引导；“非限非限”不能用不能用that引引导导That is the very tool that we are looking forI saw a good film,which was about the Long March“限限”的关联词作宾语的关联词作宾语时可省；非限则不可时可省；非限则不可I will never forget the day（that）we spent together thereHis dog,which he liked very much,died yesterday.“限限”一般只修饰先行一般只修饰先行词；非限既可修饰先行词；非限既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个词，也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分句子或句子的一部分I have finished the novel that you lent me yesterdayHe suddenly fell ill,which prevented him from going to school.*As和和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1.Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。2.Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andthat”.译为译为“这一点这一点”。而而as则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如正如.那样那样”，且，且已形成固定结构。如：已形成固定结构。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.eg.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.Hedidntcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpe