北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第一篇话题分层复习话题16自然世界与环境人口与环保试题.docx

　话题16　自然、世界与环境(人口与环保)　
主题语篇阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A [2019·丰台一模]
It’s big, it’s nasty but it’s more than just a hole in the ground. Some landfills take in 2,000 tons of trash a day but America’s largest landfill takes in that amount each hour, which will be full in two to three years.
Garbage problem has been a long-standing issue. Volunteer students at the University of Arizona in the U.S. started the Garbage Project. They aimed at learning the influence of humans’ activities on the environment by studying the garbage.
One important thing the students learned was that the garbage in landfills disappeared very slowly. That was surprising to the students, as well as to many scientists who had predicted that about 70% of the garbage in landfills would break down naturally and quickly. From the landfills, students even found newspapers twenty years ago and forty-year-old hot dogs.
The Garbage Project also discovered that what people say they do was often very different from what they actually did. The volunteer students asked people what they bought, ate and drank, and then the students compared this to what people threw away. For some reason, the two didn’t match. For example, the students found much more empty bottles of beer than people said they drank.
Information from the Garbage Project has helped us to see how much garbage we actually put in landfills. The students are hopeful that this will encourage us to find better ways to dispose (处置) of our garbage.
Of course, the best way to dispose of garbage depends on what kind of garbage it is: regular garbage, hazardous materials or recyclables, such as newspapers, glass bottles and some metals. Regular garbage goes to regular landfills. Hazardous materials, on the other hand, contain poisonous chemicals or metals. They shouldn’t go into regular landfills. For example, waste batteries can pollute the soil and groundwater, which need to be recycled properly. 
It’s necessary to reduce garbage from the source. With the improvement of living standards, people use too many plastic products only once before throwing them away, especially as online shopping becomes more popular. We can start reducing garbage by using cloth shopping bags and green delivery packages.
Unfortunately, recycling is expensive. It takes time and special treatment. However, in Japan, people recycle garbage so carefully that even plastic bottles and their caps go into different bins. Positive effects present gradually. In the last five years, the Japanese city of Kamikatsu has raised its rate of recycled waste to 80 percent.
It is a matter of great urgency and we must go into action now. There are many things that ordinary people can do to make less garbage. If everyone does the same, we will make our living environment safer and better.
1.According to the passage, students of the Garbage Project discovered that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.people knew what they actually threw away
B.garbage disappeared as scientists predicted
C.students collected newspapers for research
D.garbage was too much and lasted longer
2.The underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 6 probably means “　　　　”. (　　) 
A.wet B.common
C.dangerous D.burnable
3.What can we learn from the passage? (　　)
A.Disposing of the garbage properly will make a difference.
B.Adding more landfills helps solve garbage problems.
C.Improving the living level can reduce the garbage.
D.Shopping online helps to save the environment.
B [2019·西城一模]
This kid fights hunger and homelessness
Austin Perine is only four years old. His story started this past February in the living room in Birmingham. Austin and his father, TJ Perine, were watching a program about a mother panda leaving her babies. “I told him that the babies would be homeless for a while,” TJ says. “Austin didn’t know what homelessness meant, but he was sad and wanted to know more.”
　　Seeing this as a teachable moment, TJ took Austin to the Firehouse Ministries, a local shelter (救济中心) that provides housing and food for homeless men. As they drove by, they saw 25 homeless men standing on the street corner. “Dad, they look sad,” Austin said. “Can we take them some food and make them smile?”
Austin used his pocket money to buy each man a Burger King hamburger and handed the food out himself. Seeing what the burgers meant to the men, Austin returned the next week. He handed out burgers along with his catchphrase (口号), “Don’t forget to show love!”
After he had returned for five weeks, word of Austin’s acts of kindness spread through social-media. Burger King agreed to donate (捐赠) $1,000 a month for a year to feed the homeless. Soon, churches and shelters began inviting Austin to give out food in poor areas. Thanks to social support, now Austin and TJ can feed 800 to 2,000 people at once.
But Austin isn’t just filling bellies. He’s improving the lives of those people he meets. On that first trip to Firehouse Ministries, TJ and Austin talked to a man named Raymont. The respect Austin showed touched Raymont, and Raymont told them his story. Having known his experience, TJ helped him get a job. Finally he was able to rent an apartment. All that was made possible because a little boy took time to care.
Austin’s actions have now become his family’s calling. His grandma Audrey Perine set up the Show Love Foundation (基金会) which helps fight homelessness. TJ left his job to oversee the foundation.
As for Austin, he continues to give out food, smiles, and his message of love, “It makes me feel like I’m saving the day.”
4.Austin’s father took him to 　　　　to see what homelessness meant. (　　) 
A.a church B.a restaurant
C.a poor area D.a local shelter
5.Raymont was moved when 　　　　. (　　) 
A.Austin offered him a job
B.Austin bought him some food
C.Austin showed respect to him
D.Austin listened to his story patiently
6.How did Austin help the homeless? (　　)
A.By setting up a foundation.
B.By asking Burger King to donate.
C.By spreading their stories through social-media.
D.By spending time and money caring about them.
Ⅱ.[2019·石景山期末] 回答问题
Tornado Chaser
　　Do you know? In June 2003, South Dakota experienced 67 tornadoes(龙卷风) in one day! In the U.S., tornadoes are responsible for 80 deaths and more than 1,500 injuries each year. Although they happen very often, tornadoes are difficult to predict. Why? Tornadoes develop from storms, but only some storms can become tornadoes. Meteorologists (气象学家) don’t know where and when a storm will touch the ground and turn into a tornado. Today, the warning time for a tornado is usually just 13 minutes.
　　Tim Samaras is a tornado chaser. His job is to find tornadoes and follow them. When he gets close to a tornado, he puts a special tool on the ground. This tool measures things like temperature, humidity, and wind speed of a tornado. With this information, Samaras can learn what causes tornadoes to develop. If meteorologists understand this, they can warn people about tornadoes sooner and save lives.
　　How does Samaras hunt tornadoes? It’s not easy. First, he has to find one. Tornadoes are too small to see using weather satellites (卫星). So Samaras can’t just depend on these tools to find one. Instead he waits for tornadoes to develop. Every May and June, Samaras drives about 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) across an area known as Tornado Alley, looking and hoping to find a tornado.
　　Once Samaras sees a tornado, the chase begins. But a tornado is hard to follow. Some tornadoes change direction several times—for example, moving east and then west and then east again. When Samaras finally gets near a tornado, he puts his special tool on the ground. Being this close to a tornado is frightening. There is rubbish flying in the air. The wind is blowing at high speed. He must get away quickly.
　　The work is risky, even for a skilled chaser like Samaras. But danger won’t stop his hunt for the perfect storm.
7.When did South Dakota experience 67 tornadoes in one day?

8.How long is the warning time usually for a tornado?

9.What does Tim Samaras do?

10.Where does Samaras go every May and June?

11.Why is it hard for Samaras to hunt tornadoes?

【参考答案】
Ⅰ.A　[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文。垃圾问题是一个长期存在的问题。Garbage Project的学生发现,垃圾比预期的多而且存留时间更长。合理地处理垃圾会对环境产生积极影响。最后作者呼吁大家行动起来减少垃圾。
1. D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“From the landfills, students even found newspapers twenty years ago and forty-year-old hot dogs.”及第四段最后一句“For example, the students found much more empty bottles of beer than people said they drank.”可知,Garbage Project的学生发现,垃圾比预期的多而且存留时间长。故选D。
2. C　词义猜测题。根据第六段第三句“Hazardous materials, on the other hand, contain poisonous chemicals or metals.”可知,hazardous materials包含有毒的化学物质或金属,都是危险物品。hazardous意为“危险的”。故选C。
3. A　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Of course, the best way to dispose of garbage depends on what kind of garbage it is…”及“For example, waste batteries can pollute the soil and groundwater, which need to be recycled properly.”可推知,正确的垃圾分类会对环境产生积极影响。故选A。
B　4.D　5.C　6.D
Ⅱ.7.In June 2003.
8.Just 13 minutes.
9.He is a tornado chaser./His job is to find tornadoes and follow them.
10.An area known as Tornado Alley.
11.Tornadoes are difficult to find and to follow.
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