北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第三篇提分题型专练阅读理解05人造肉+如何决定+网络真假试题.docx

　阅读理解(五)　人造肉+如何决定+网络真假　
A [2019·门头沟二模]
The UK should start producing lab-grown meat to help solve the world’s food crisis (危机), according to a research group. A report by the Adam Smith Institute says meat made in a laboratory is better for the environment and would be cheaper than meat produced from farm animals.
Need for meat around the world is expected to increase by 70% by the year 2050. So could people be eating lab-grown meat in the future? Usually animals like cows are killed to produce the meat that people eat, but scientists have found a way to make meat in a laboratory without killing any animals.
Animals are made up of cells (细胞). Scientists worked out how to take cells from an animal, like a cow, and multiply (繁殖) them in a dish. In the end from one tiny cell, tens of billions of cells can be grown. These join together to form meat.
In 2013, the first hamburger grown this way was eaten in London. It took a year to produce and cost over ￡200,000 to make. Dr Mark Post, who created the world’s first hamburger from meat grown in a lab, told the BBC it “tastes exactly the same as the meat we know”. When two food critics(评论家) tried the burger in 2013, one said it was “close to meat” and another said it tasted like a real hamburger. It’s not just beef that is being created; companies are also working on other meat like turkey and chicken.
The Adam Smith Institute says moving away from the present way meat is produced would help reduce greenhouse emissions(排放) by up to 96% and free up 99% of the land used in farming worldwide. They also think it will reduce chances of food poisoning(中毒) because the meat is grown under such controlled conditions. Jamie Hollywood from the Adam Smith Institute also told the BBC lab-grown meat could be a lot cheaper. He says the price has gone down in five years from ￡200,000 to ￡8, so in the future it could be even less.
1.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is 　　　　. (　　) 
A.what lab-grown meat is
B.how lab-grown meat is made
C.what lab-grown meat tastes like
D.when people can eat lab-grown meat
2.The writer mentions two food critics in Paragraph 4 to show that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.lab-grown meat is cheaper
B.chicken can be made in the lab
C.lab-grown meat tastes similar to animals’ meat
D.English people first tasted lab-grown meat
3.The writer probably agrees that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.lab-grown meat will cause a lot of problems
B.lab-grown meat tastes better than animals’ meat
C.making lab-grown meat will cost too much money
D.lab-grown meat can help solve the world’s food crisis
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? (　　)
A.Could lab-grown meat be the future of food?
B.What does lab-grown meat taste like?
C.When could people eat lab-grown meat?
D.What is lab-grown meat and how is it made?
B [2019·东城一模]
　　I recently spent an evening trying to choose a cup on Amazon. Nearly an hour later, after having read countless reviews about dozens of kinds, I felt tired and simply gave up. The next day, I happily bought the only kind the local store offered.
Too many choices make us tired and unhappy and lead us to avoid making a decision sometimes. Researcher Barry Schwartz calls this “choice overload”. “As the number of options(可选择的事物) increases, the costs in time and effort of collecting the information needed to make a good choice also increase,” writes Schwartz. “The level of certainty people have about their choice decreases. And the possibility that they will regret their choice increases.”
Understanding how and why we make decisions can perhaps help us make better choices. We make poorer decisions when we are tired. The mind can only deal with so many options and make so many choices before it starts to lose energy. That’s why buys like candy bars and magazines at the checkout(付款处) in the store can be hard to resist. We’ve used up all our good decision-making skills.
The same goes for our workday. Making lots of decisions not only tires us, it can put us in a bad mood. That’s why it’s important to make your most important decisions in the morning rather than at the end of a tiring day.
When we’re tired, we often save our energy by making choices based on a single factor(因素) like price, rather than considering all the other factors that go into making the best decision. Another study out of Columbia University shows that this happens when people are given a lot of features(特点) to choose from when buying a car. After a while, people start asking for the common option rather than carefully weighing each decision.
This can also happen when faced with a decision in your creative work. Given endless options of which route to take, we sometimes end up going with the more usual path simply because it’s the easier way to go. So it’s important to put limits on your options, which can develop your creativity and help you make a better decision.
In other words, letting yourself have fewer options to choose from can help you arrive at a more creative answer.
5. According to Barry Schwartz, the more options people have, 　　　　. (　　) 
A.the better choice they will make
B.the more easily they will make a choice
C.the happier they will feel to make a choice
D.the more likely they will regret their choice
6. The word “resist” in Paragraph 3 probably means “　　　　”. (　　) 
A.explain B.avoid
C.decide D.afford
7. When a person is tired from comparing many kinds of products, he is likely to 　　　　. (　　) 
A.consider the price most
B.choose a more common kind
C.read more reviews from others
D.weigh all the factors very carefully
8. The writer believes that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.people are unwilling to spend energy making decisions
B.people usually take the easiest way to save their energy
C.limited choices can help people reach a creative decision
D.spending more time thinking helps make better decisions
C [2019·东城二模]
Today’s teens have grown up online. They socialize online. They do homework online. And surely they get their news online. But because they are so comfortable with the Internet, they seldom question the news stories online and pass along to their friends.
　　Now William Colglazier, a history teacher at a high school in America, is teaching his students how to think critically about online information and recognize a “fake(假的) news” story. His idea came from a study on people’s online reasoning at Stanford University. The study found that young people lack (缺少) ability to reason about the information on the Internet. Most middle school students in the study could not tell the difference between an advertisement and a news story, and high school and college students fully trusted the websites ending in “.org”.
The good news is that, according to Colglazier, once teens realize they’ve been duped, they have strong will to tell truth from lies. “But they need some pointers on how to find dependable and persuasive evidence(证据) and how to recognize when others use poor argumentation,” he said. Some of the pointers that Colglazier offers his students include moving off the site to find more information about the site and the writer’s motivations(动机), looking past the first page of results in a google search and looking at the second or third page,and going beyond the “About Us” page on a website to find out more about the organization behind the news story.
　　Colglazier has tips for parents as well. He says it’s a good idea for parents to be “friends” with their kids on social media(媒体)to see what stories they are sharing. He also suggests parents watch their teens as they search for something online and ask questions like “Why did you click on that?” and “Do you trust this information?” Those questions can lead kids to form habits of thinking critically about online information.
Colglazier shared some of his course with other teens in Teen Vogue, a famous magazine. He hopes more kids would take away some knowledge about thinking critically when they read news online. “The Internet is both beautiful and ugly,” he said. “If people cannot tell real news from fake news, the results can be frightening.”
9.When teens read a news story online, they 　　　　. (　　) 
A.seldom raise doubts about it
B.always share it with their parents
C.usually pay attention to the website
D.often consider it as an advertisement
10.The word “duped” in Paragraph 3 probably means “　　　　”. (　　) 
A.criticized B.cheated
C.challenged D.misunderstood
11.Colglazier suggests students should 　　　　. (　　) 
A.make more friends by using social media
B.find background information about a news story
C.mainly look at the first page of results in a search
D.ask parents some questions about online information
12.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? (　　)
A.To explain why teens feel comfortable with the Internet.
B.To encourage teens to search for information online.
C.To guide teens to reason about the news online.
D.To introduce Colglazier’s course to more teens.

【参考答案】
A
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了在实验室里培育的肉类,可以帮助解决世界粮食危机。在实验室里培育的肉类对环境更好,也比农场动物的肉要便宜。
1.B　主旨大意题。通读第三段内容,根据其最后一句“These join together to form meat.”可推知,本段讲述了实验室是如何培育肉的。故选B。
2.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“…told the BBC it ‘tastes exactly the same as the meat we know’.”可推知,两名评论家的评价说明实验室培育的肉尝起来和真肉一样。故选C。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The UK should start producing lab-grown meat to help solve the world’s food crisis,according to a research group.”可知,作者认为实验室培育的肉可以帮助解决世界食物危机。故选D。
4.A　主旨大意题。通读全文内容,尤其根据第二段第二句“So could people be eating lab-grown meat in the future?”可推知,本文就“实验室培育的肉类能成为食品的未来吗?”进行了说明。故选A。
B
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文。随着选项数量的增加,人们对自己的选择后悔的可能性也在增加,并且开始变得疲倦,人们又开始寻求共同的选择。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As the number of options increases…the possibility that they will regret their choice increases.”可知,随着选项数量的增加,他们对自己的选择后悔的可能性也在增加。故选D。
6.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“We make poorer decisions when we are tired.”可知,当我们累了的时候,我们会做出更糟糕的决定,所以很容易去买放在商店收银台的糖果和杂志,这很难抗拒。故选B。
7.B　 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“When we’re tired, we often save our energy by making choices based on a single factor…”以及最后一句“…people start asking for the common option…”可知,当我们累了的时候,我们经常根据某种单一的因素做出选择来节省精力,人们开始寻求共同的、更常见的选择。故选B。
8.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“…letting yourself have fewer options to choose from can help you arrive at a more creative answer.”可知,更少的选择可以帮助人们做出更有创意的决定。故选C。
C
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文。现在的青少年在网络中成长,但他们太相信网络,很难区分广告和新闻故事的区别。Colglazier对此现象提出了一些建议,并分享到Teen Vogue网站上,希望更多的青少年能用批判性的思维从阅读新闻中汲取知识。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But because they are so comfortable with the Internet, they seldom question the news stories online and pass along to their friends.”可知,青少年很少对网上的新闻报道提出质疑,也很少传达给朋友。故选A。
10.B　词义猜测题。根据语境可知,青少年不能区分广告和故事,但好消息是一旦青少年意识到自己被欺骗了,他们就有很强的意愿区分谎言与真相。此处“duped”与“cheated”同义,意为“欺骗”。故选B。
11.B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“…looking past the first page of results in a google search and looking at the second or third page, and going beyond the ‘About Us’ page on a website to find out more about the organization behind the news story.”可推知,Colglazier建议学生应该找出新闻故事背景信息。故选B。
12.C　写作意图题。根据最后一段第二句“He hopes more kids would take away some knowledge about thinking critically when they read news online.”可知,作者希望更多的孩子在网上阅读新闻时,能做出正确的判断。故选C。
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