2024清洁氢生产路径报告.pdf
《2024清洁氢生产路径报告.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2024清洁氢生产路径报告.pdf(99页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、2024hydrogeneurope.euThisreporthasbeenpreparedbytheHydrogenEuropeSecretariat;thestatements contained herein reflect the views of the Hydrogen Europe Secretariatand not of Hydrogen Europe members.It is being provided for general informationonly.The information contained in this report is derived from
2、 selected public andprivate sources.Hydrogen Europe,in providing the information,believes that theinformation it uses comes from reliable sources but does not guarantee theaccuracy or completeness of this information.Hydrogen Europe assumes noobligation to update any information contained herein.Tha
3、t information issubject to change without notice,and nothing in this document shall beconstrued as such a guarantee.This report does not constitute technical,investment,legal,tax,or any otheradvice.Hydrogen Europe will not be held liable for any direct or indirect damageincurred using the informatio
4、n provided and will not give any indemnities.Thispublication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers andboundaries and the name of any territory,city,or area.Hydrogen Europe would like to thank
5、 all members of Hydrogen Europe who havecontributed their time and expertise to making of this report.Main authors:Matus Muron,Grzegorz Pawelec,Daniel FrailePictures copyright:Hydrogen Europe(pgs.1,19),Canva(pgs.37,47,58)and JustinJin for Hydrogen Europe(pg.68).DISCLAIMER AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT3Table o
6、f contentsExecutive SummaryExecutive summary 4Introduction and Methodology151.Water electrolysis 192.Reforming with carbon capture 373.Methane splitting 474.Biowaste-to-hydrogen 585.Non-biological waste-to-hydrogen 686.Other production pathways 777.Policy recommendations 90References95EXECUTIVE SUMM
7、ARY5Various clean hydrogen production technologies will be needed for sufficientvolumes for Net Zeroby 2050Source:Hydrogen Europe,BNEFBNEFs New Energy Outlook estimates 34 Mt and54 Mt of clean hydrogen by 2040 and 2050respectively to achieve Net Zero in Europe by2050.Achieving those volumes requires
8、 a massivescale up from around 0.05 Mt of clean hydrogenproduction capacity via water electrolysys inoperation currently(June 2024).While water electrolysis has a significant costreduction potential and offers important benefitsfromawiderenergysystemperspectiveincluding the possiblity for coupling o
9、f the gasand electricity sectors-thus supporting anincreased penetration of renewable energy inthe energy system,other technologies besideswaterelectrolysiscanalsoproducecleanhydrogen and contribute to achieving Net Zeroby 2050 in Europe.This is especially crucial forregions weresupply of renewable
10、energy iseither scarce or expensive.These include reforming with carbon capture,methane splitting,biowaste-to-hydrogen,andnon-biological waste-to-hydrogen.Each clean hydrogen production pathways hasits unique benefits and challenges related toscale,feedstock,GHGintensity,costs,infrastructurerequirem
11、ents,andregulatorytreatment.0.0514345501020304050602024 waterelectrolysiscapacity2030 demand forNet Zero2040 demand forNet Zero2050 demand forNet ZeroMt/yFigure A:Hydrogen consumption required for Europe to achieve Net Zero by 2050 vs 2024 European water electrolysis capacityExecutive Summary6Differ
12、ent production pathways offer unique benefits from sector coupling to locallybased decarbonisationWater electrolysisElectricityNatural gasNatural gasBiowasteNon-biowasteWater electrolysisReforming with carbon capturePyrolysisGasification/pyrolysisGasification/pyrolysis-Coupling electricity and gas s
13、ectors-Grid flexibility-Delivering renewable electricity to hard to electrify sectors-Unleashing stranded renewable energy and transport it between regions-Large scale-Available feedstock supply-Mature technology allows rapid delivery of low-carbon hydrogen for decarbonisation-Large scale potential;
14、-Available feedstock supply-Zero direct emissions without need for additional infrastructure-Supply of solid carbon.-Utilising available local biowaste feedstocks;-Abating otherwise unabated emissions;-Carbon removal potential;-Promoting locally based decarbonisation-Availability of local non-recycl
15、able waste;-Promoting locally based decarbonisation-Contribution to waste managementUnique technology benefitsTechnologyMain feedstock or energy inputReforming with carbon captureMethane splittingBiowaste-to-hydrogenNon-biological waste-to-hydrogenFigure B:Unique technology benefits of the five clea
16、n hydrogen production pathways included in the reportExecutive Summary7Most of the assessed production technologies are available and at or close tocommercialisationTechnology readiness levels:TRL 6 Pilot demonstration,TRL 7 Full scale system demonstration in operational environment,TRL 8-Experiment
17、ed in deployment conditions and systemcomplete,TRL 9-CommercialExecutive SummaryFigure C:Technology readiness level and deployment of the five clean hydrogen production pathways included in the reportLow temperature:9High temperature:86-986-86-8Low temperature:2.5 GWel;High temperature:DEPiped gasNL
18、-DEEU-MixPiped gasRussia-EUShippedLNGFigure 2.7:Upstream emissions for natural gas energy input depending on the source of supply(in gCO2eq/MJ)2.Reforming with carbon captureEmissions45Carbon capture rate:Other than upstream emissions of natural gas supply,the otherkey factor determining the final G
19、HG intensity is the achieved CO2 capture rate.As hasbeen explained,depending on the approach the capture rate can be around 60%(limiting carbon capture only to SMR process gas)or even up to 97%(ATR with carboncapture).The importance of achieving a high capture rate is demonstrated on Figure2.8.If th
20、e capture rate were to fall in the range of 55-65%the GHG intensity of hydrogenwould be well above the required limit for that hydrogen to qualify as a low-carbonfuel even with strict methane leakages prevention.The only possibility to producehydrogen at an emission level below 28.2 gCO2eq/MJ with a
21、 low CO2 capture ratewould be to use biogas(or biogas/natural gas mixture)as feedstock instead ofnatural gas.With biogas from maize the total emissions would be around 20 gCO2/MJ(2.4 kgCO2eq/kgH2)and If advanced biogas sources would be used such as biogasfrom wetmanure,even a net-negative emission l
22、evel couldbe achieved.On the other hand when using gas with high carbon footprint,like LNG or Russiangas,even 100%carbon capture rate would not be enough to produce hydrogenqualifying as low-carbon.Excluded from the analysis:It should be noted however that the above estimations donot include emissio
23、ns related to CO2 compression/liquefaction,transportation andstorage,which in extreme circumstances(CO2 liquefaction using GHG intensive gridelectricity and shipment of CO2 to offshore storage site),could add as much as 0.5-0.7kgCO2/kgH2 of additional GHG emissions.Another important factor to consid
24、er areadditional methane leakages from the production process itself.As methane is apotent GHG(with a GWP around 30 x higher than CO2)in order to ensure a low-carboncharacter of produced hydrogen,methane leaks should be closely monitored and,ifpossible,avoided.Reforming of natural gas with CCS can o
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2024 清洁 生产 路径 报告
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【宇***】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【宇***】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。