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铅、锌、镉同位素示踪技术在沉积物重金属污染源解析中的应用:综述与展望.pdf
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1、Received date:2023-09-19;Revised date:2023-10-19Fund projects:This study is supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-732),“Kunlun Talents High-end Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents”Plan Project(Grant to Chunliang Gao),and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scient
2、ific Expedition andResearch Program(2019QZKK0805)First author:GAO Chunliang(1983-),Male,PhD,Associate professor,mainly engaged in the study of Lake Sediment Records and EnvironmentalEvolution.E-mail:Corresponding author:WEI Haicheng(1983-),Male,PhD,Professor,mainly engaged in the study of Palynology
3、 and Environmental Evolution.E-mail:高春亮,文进心,成艾颖,等.铅、锌、镉同位素示踪技术在沉积物重金属污染源解析中的应用:综述与展望 J.盐湖研究,2024,32(1):128-138.Gao C L,Wen J X,Cheng AY,et al.Pb,Zn and Cd isotopes as the tracers of heavy metal pollution sources in the sediments:a review and prospect J.Journal of Salt Lake Research,2024,32(1):128-13
4、8.DOI:10.12119/j.yhyj.202401014Pb,Zn and Cd Isotopes as the Tracers of Heavy Metal Pollution Sources in theSediments:A Review and ProspectGAO Chunliang1,2,WEN Jinxin1,2,3,CHENG Aiying1,2,MIN Xiuyun1,WEI Haicheng1,2*(1.CAS Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake
5、Resources,QinghaiInstitute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,810008,China;2.Qinghai Provincial KeyLaboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes,Xining,810008,China;3.University of ChineseAcademy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China)Abstract:Effective prevention and control of heavy
6、metal pollution in sediments necessitates the preciseidentification of their pollution sources.Among the available methods,the application of lead(Pb),zinc(Zn),and cadmium(Cd)isotope tracers stands out as a highly reliable means of analyzing pollutionsources.While the Pb isotope tracer technique has
7、 been widespread used,the application of Zn and Cd isotopes,as emerging tracers,can substantially enhance the study of heavy metal pollution source analysis.This study offers a systematic exploration of the isotope tracer mechanisms,compositional characteristics,and their application in tracing heav
8、y metal pollution sources in sediments.We propose that future researchshould focus on employing multi-isotope tracer techniques and integrating the isotopic compositions withsediment morphology to further enhance the precision of pollution source tracing.Key words:Pb-Zn-Cd isotopes;Sediment;Heavy me
9、tal pollution;Source apportionment;Tracer techniqueCLC number:X142Document code:AArticle ID:1008-858X(2024)01-0128-111IntroductionThe ecosystems that thrive within mountainouslandscapes,encompassing mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,grasslands and sandy terrains,play apivotal role in metamorphos
10、ing matters concerningecological and environmental preservation into an intricate fusion with open aquatic systems,which includecatchment areas,wetlands and confluence rivers1-3.Especially in the ecological environment,sediment isa huge storage reservoir that records rich informationon natural envir
11、onmental changes and the influence ofhuman activities on the ecosystem4-9.Human activities,such as mining operations,waste incineration,fossil fuel combustion and agricultural activities,giverise to substantial discharges of heavy metals intoaquatic environments4,8-9.Once introduced into thewater,th
12、e majority of heavy metals ultimately sediment within the substrate,posing a challenge for biodegradation by organisms,and upon reaching a certainconcentration threshold,they can induce toxic effects,第 32 卷第 1 期2 0 2 4年 2 月JOURNAL OF SALT LAKE RESEARCH盐湖研究Vol.32 No.1Feb.2024高春亮,等:铅、锌、镉同位素示踪技术在沉积物重金属
13、污染源解析中的应用:综述与展望第1期thereby posing a peril to the ecological environment 10-15.Therefore,the study of heavy metal pollution in sediments had been attracted much attention.However,prior studies have predominantly focused on assessingthe extent of heavy metal contamination in sediments,with minimal emph
14、asis on the tracing of pollutionsources and sinks16-19.The identification of pollution sources is the prerequisite for the correct evaluation of environmentalpollution degree and the effective treatment of pollution sources.In particular,the compositions of heavymetal in sediments is complex and div
15、erse,renderingthe attainment of precision and scientific rigor throughthe application of a singular methodology challenging.Moreover,the coexistence of multiple sources ofheavy metals within environmental matrices is a commonplace phenomenon,further amplifying the complexitiesassociatedwithsourceapp
16、ortionment8-10,18-21.Theisotopetracingtechnique,awell-established method in the field of geochemistry,hasemerged as a classic tool for traceability research.Withthe advancements of high-precision detection technology of heavy metal isotopes,the heavy metal stableisotopes(e.g.Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,Sr and Cu)ha
17、s alsobeen widely used in the study on pollution source apportionment22-26.While previous source apportionment studies primarily focused on atmospheric particle,and have been widely used in many environmental media such as soil and sediment27-32.In light of this,this study has selected multi-isotope
18、s,including those of Pb,Zn and Cd isotope,as its subjects of investigation,with a dedicated focuson the tracer mechanism,compositional attribute andresearch progress.Our primary objective is to interpretthe isotopic composition of specific pollution sources,thus providing crucial evidence for the ar
19、bitration ofenvironmental pollution events.2Pb isotope tracer technique2.1Isotope tracer mechanismPb stable isotopes encompass204Pb,206Pb,207Pband208Pb,among which204Pb is a non-radiogenic isotope and the abundance is generally considered to remain constant over time33.However,206Pb,207Pb and208Pb a
20、re radiogenic isotopes generated through the decay of238U,235U and232Th with increasing abundance,respectively.Pb isotopic compositions mainly dependon the initial Pb,uranium(U)and thorium(Th)contents in the source region,as well as the time of radioactive U/Th decay reaction.Importantly,these compo
21、sitions remain relatively impervious to alterations inthe geochemical environment following their formation23,34.Therefore,distinct ratios of Pb isotopesserve as reliable geochemical fingerprint,facilitatingeffective identification of diverse pollutant sources.Inthe context of studying the tracing o
22、f heavy metal pollution in soils and sediments,Pb isotope ratios,suchas206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,208Pb/204Pb and206Pb/207Pb,are serve as primary parameters for comprehensiveanalysis23,34-44.The measured data on Pb isotope ratios is graphically represented and analyzed to effectively identify the sourc
23、es and migration pathways ofheavy metal pollution.The proportion of anthropogenic heavy metals within sediment can be estimatedthrough the utilization of Pb isotope ratios,revealing adynamic equilibrium between anthropogenic and natural sources of lead within sediment,as expressed inthe following eq
24、uation:Pbm(207Pb/206Pb)m=Pbgeo(207Pb/206Pb)geo+Pbanth(207Pb/206Pb)anth(1)where Pbm,Pbgeoand Pbanthrepresent mixed lead(i.e.Pb in sediment samples),geological source lead andanthropogenic source lead,respectively.The application of this formula allows for the calculation of theproportion of anthropog
25、enic lead(Pbanth)within thesediments.2.2Natural isotope composition characteristicsThe diverse origins and formation within differentenvironmental media lead to distinct characteristics inPb isotope compositions,rendering Pb isotopes asvaluable geochemical fingerprints23,35-44(Fig.1).However,its imp
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