新能源英文.pptx

Nuclear power in the new energy大连理工大学2011The use of nuclear energyNuclear submarineNuclear-powered aircraft carrierNuclear power plantHydrogen bombMarine nuclear powerMarine nuclear powerNuclear Nuclear powerpowerAtomic bombNuclear Nuclear weaponsweaponsNuclear Nuclear energy energyChanges in energy consumptionChanges in energy consumptionthe coal of the coal of 18th century 18th century 1920s-1960s1920s-1960sCoalCoalRenewable Energy20th century21st centuryNatural gasNatural gasOilOil Solar Solar EnergyEnergyCoalCoalNatural gasNatural gasOilOilNew EnergyNuclear Nuclear energyenergyThe worlds The worlds population over 60 population over 60 millionmillion，Increase of Increase of more than more than 2 2 2 2 times times the late 19th the late 19th centurycentury，Energy Energy consumption consumption increased by increased by 16161616 times.times.Fossil energy Reserves are limited！Renewable Energy water powerwater powerWind EnergyWind EnergyTidal powerTidal powerScale subject to environmental,seasonal and geographical constraintsNow Lack ofdevelopment technology solar energysolar energyNuclear energyInfinite EnergyMarine核裂变核裂变核裂变核裂变Nuclear Nuclear Nuclear Nuclear fissionfissionfissionfission核聚变核聚变核聚变核聚变Nuclear Nuclear Nuclear Nuclear FusionFusionFusionFusion铀、钍矿石If all use,can be used for 2400240028002800 years氘（来自海水）、锂Deuterium(from sea),lithium40亿万吨 2千多亿吨 If realized controllable fusion,those can use of billions of billions of yearsyearsUranium and thorium oresstructure of non-polluting energyNuclear power is the safest,cleanest and most cost-effective power resources Nuclear energy is a double-edged sword辐射剂辐射剂量大量大陆地射线陆地射线电电器器辐辐射射建筑材料天然辐射医医疗疗辐辐射射辐射剂辐射剂量不大量不大核辐射宇宙射线宇宙射线花岗岩花岗岩天然辐照占天然辐照占80%80%宇宙辐照陆地辐照体内辐照氡气核电站周围辐射剂量为0.01mSv/年肺部透视一次辐射剂量为0.02mSv拍一次胸片的照射剂量为0.12mSv北京与欧洲之间乘飞机往返一次的辐射剂量为0.04毫希允许标准：公众剂量不超过允许标准：公众剂量不超过1mSv/年年Canadas Pickering nuclear power plantNuclear power plantChinas Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station(Shenzhen)Nuclear power plantJapan beauty coast nuclear plantsNuclear power plantThe peaceful use of nuclear energyIn 1951,the USA use a plutonium production reactor in the heat In 1951,the USA use a plutonium production reactor in the heat test generation,Britain,France,the Soviet Union and China,test generation,Britain,France,the Soviet Union and China,followed by the establishment of a number of nuclear power plants.followed by the establishment of a number of nuclear power plants.The current structure of the worlds energyNuclear power in the world energy consumed in 8 percent Nuclear power in the world electric energy accounts for 17%(2000)Fossil fuels for 85%of total energy.Fossil fuels for 30%of the total electrical energy.Oil for electricity generation is a waste.The peaceful use of nuclear energy in the worldThe mid-70s of last century,the world entered the The mid-70s of last century,the world entered the climax of the development of nuclear power plantsclimax of the development of nuclear power plantsAmericas nuclear power plants(104)The peaceful use of nuclear energy in the worldThere are over 441 nuclear power plants in the There are over 441 nuclear power plants in the world,accounting for 17%of world electricity world,accounting for 17%of world electricity supply(2005)supply(2005)Share of the worlds nuclear power generation（2002）Distribution of existing nuclear power plants in ChinaChinas future nuclear power programn nPlanning Planning（2007-20152007-2015）n nImproved second-generation unit,has started construction:Improved second-generation unit,has started construction:红沿河红沿河 (辽宁辽宁):):建设建设61000MW,PWR;61000MW,PWR;阳阳江江 (广东广东):):建设建设61000MW,61000MW,PWR;PWR;方家山方家山(浙江浙江):21000MW,):21000MW,PWR;PWR;福清、宁德（福建）：分别建设福清、宁德（福建）：分别建设61000MW,PWR61000MW,PWR；昌江（海南）昌江（海南）:建设建设2650MW,PWR2650MW,PWR；n nThree generations of nuclear power,has started constructionThree generations of nuclear power,has started construction:三门三门 (浙江浙江):61250MW,):61250MW,PWR;PWR;海阳海阳 (山东山东):61250MW,):61250MW,PWR;PWR;台山（广东）台山（广东）:21750MW,:21750MW,PWRPWR；n nFourth-generation nuclear power:Fourth-generation nuclear power:荣荣成石岛湾成石岛湾 (山东山东):120MW,):120MW,高温气冷堆；高温气冷堆；三明（福建）：三明（福建）：2800MW,2800MW,BN-800BN-800快中子核反应堆。快中子核反应堆。The advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energyn n核能优点：核能优点：n n1.1.核能发电不造成核能发电不造成空气污染，空气污染，不产生加重地球温室效应的二氧化碳。不产生加重地球温室效应的二氧化碳。n n2.2.核燃料体积小，运输与储存方便核燃料体积小，运输与储存方便.n n3.3.核能发电的成本中，燃料费用所占的比例较低核能发电的成本中，燃料费用所占的比例较低.n n4.4.核原料丰富。核原料丰富。n n核能缺点核能缺点：n n1.1.核能电厂会产生放射性废料核能电厂会产生放射性废料。n n2.2.核能发电厂热效率较低，热污染较严重。核能发电厂热效率较低，热污染较严重。n n3.3.核能电厂投资成本太大，电力公司的财务风险较高。核能电厂投资成本太大，电力公司的财务风险较高。n n4.4.核能电厂选址受环境影响较大。核能电厂选址受环境影响较大。n n5.5.核电厂如果在事故中释放到外界环境，会对生态及民众造成伤害。核电厂如果在事故中释放到外界环境，会对生态及民众造成伤害。综上所述：目前世界处在和平时代，发展是主流，为满足日益紧张的能综上所述：目前世界处在和平时代，发展是主流，为满足日益紧张的能源需求，虽然核能有其不足之处，但利大于弊，我们应该积极发展。源需求，虽然核能有其不足之处，但利大于弊，我们应该积极发展。The advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energyAdvantages of nuclear energy:Advantages of nuclear energy:1.Nuclear power does not cause air pollution and does not 1.Nuclear power does not cause air pollution and does not produce carbon dioxide which aggravates global warming.produce carbon dioxide which aggravates global warming.2.Nuclear fuel has small size so it is easy for 2.Nuclear fuel has small size so it is easy for transportation and storage.transportation and storage.3.Fuel costs accounts for a lower proportion in the cost of 3.Fuel costs accounts for a lower proportion in the cost of nuclear power generation.nuclear power generation.4.4.Rich in nuclear material.Rich in nuclear material.Disadvantages of nuclear energy:Disadvantages of nuclear energy:1.Nuclear power plant will produce radioactive waste.1.Nuclear power plant will produce radioactive waste.2.Nuclear power plant has lower thermal efficiency and 2.Nuclear power plant has lower thermal efficiency and bad heat pollution.bad heat pollution.3.Nuclear power plant needs large investment cost,the 3.Nuclear power plant needs large investment cost,the power company has higher financial risk.power company has higher financial risk.4.The site of nuclear power plant is largely determined by 4.The site of nuclear power plant is largely determined by environment.environment.5.The release into the external environment because of 5.The release into the external environment because of the accident will damage the ecology and people.the accident will damage the ecology and people.