新编英语教程5-unit5-教学.pptx

Unit FiveTEXT I The Plug-in Drug:TV and the American Family,Part I（插电的麻醉药（插电的麻醉药 电视和美国家庭）电视和美国家庭）I.Pre-reading Questions 1.Drug in one sense is a habit-forming substance one takes for pleasure or excitement.Harmful drugs include tobacco,alcohol,cocaine,opium,etc.The plug-in drug is a term used by the author to refer to TV which works when it is plugged in.TV is compared to a drug because,on the one hand,the American family has formed the habit of watching TV at leisure time and,on the other hand,TV has undesirable effects on the family.II.Dictionary Work1.afflict(l.9):trouble 使痛苦，使苦恼，折磨使痛苦，使苦恼，折磨2.asset(l.11):valuable object;advantage 有价值有价值或有用的东西，有用的资源或有用的东西，有用的资源3.preposterous(l.25):unthinkable,absurd 荒唐荒唐的，可笑的，不合理的的，可笑的，不合理的 4.splintering(l.25):splitting,breaking up 碎裂，碎裂，碎片碎片5.the peer group(l.34):a group of people of the same age,class,position,etc;here,a group of children of the same age 一群同龄人一群同龄人II.Dictionary Work6.television-oriented(ll.40 41):interested in and influenced by TV 受电视影响的受电视影响的7.equivocal(l.47):ambiguous 模棱两可的，模棱两可的，不确定的不确定的8.sorcerer(l.53):person who performs magic y using the power of evil spirits 男巫；男巫；魔法师魔法师9.stint(l.85):fixed amount of work;here,the fixed TV programme 限量，定量限量，定量II.Dictionary Work10.conjure up(l.94):bring into the mind 回回忆；召唤忆；召唤11.sane(l.106):(in this context)in possession of good relations/of close bond 神志正常的，清醒的，明智的神志正常的，清醒的，明智的12.backlog(l.113):a reserve 储备储备III.Library Work TV has become the primary entertain-ment and information medium in the U.S.In 1974,the Bureau of the Census reported that 97%of U.S.households contained at least one TV set and 45%had 2 or more sets.The average American has his set turned on for about 6.5 hours each day.In fact TV has become the Americans eyes and ears on the world.IV.Organization of the TextA.Opening(Paragraph 1):the introduction of television into American society(cause)B.Positive effects(as claimed in the early years when television was introduced into the average American family)(Paragraphs 2 5):1.a wonderful improvement in the change of childrens habits(Paragraphs 2 3)2.a good means to bring the family together(Paragraphs 4 5)IV.Organization of the TextC.Negative effects(as perceived today)(Paragraphs 6 13):1.too much time devoted by children to TV-watching(Paragraphs 6 7)2.a general lack of communication within peer groups(Paragraph 8)3.a widening gap in the relations between children and their parents(Paragraphs 9 10)IV.Organization of the Text 4.traditional family concept being challenged and culture changed(Paragraphs 11 13)D.Closing(Paragraphs 14-17):1.impact on children(Paragraph 14):a drastic change in their life and personality;the process that transforms children into people being hindered IV.Organization of the Text 2.impact on family and family life(Paragraphs 15 17):ever-loosening family ties V.Key Points of the TextParagraph 1 that has seen the medium become so deeply ingrained in American life:TV has become an indispensable part of American life,so much so that it cannot be done away withingrained:fixed so firmly and deeply that it is difficult to removeE.g.:an ingrained habit/belief/prejudice 固习固习（积习）（积习）/深刻信念深刻信念/根深蒂固的偏见根深蒂固的偏见Paragraph 1the television set has attained the rank of a legal necessity:The television set has by law been placed in the class of goods which are necessary to life.What a legal necessity is is explained the following phrase.attain:succeed in getting something,especially after some effortE.g.:He attained his objectives/hopes after much hard work.Paragraph 1 A man of attainments(有造诣的人有造诣的人)is one who has accomplished/achieved a great deal.safe from repossession:protected from repossession,that is,a claim/a demand made by the original owner to regain the possession of sufficient perspective:enough overview,enough comprehensive point of view Paragraph 1a curious myopia afflicted those early observers:a strange shortsightedness troubled those early observersafflict:cause to suffer in the body or mind;troubleE.g.:John is afflicted with a chronic headache.Environmental pollution is afflicting many countries.Paragraph 1wondrous:This is a formal or literary word.Wonderful is the more usual word.Paragraph 2asset:the property of a person,company,etc.,especially that has value and that may be sold to pay a debt 资产；有用的东西资产；有用的东西E.g.:a statement of assets and liabilities 资产资产负债表负债表 He is a national asset.他是国宝。他是国宝。Wit is his chief asset.机智是他的主要优点。机智是他的主要优点。Paragraph 5perch:(of a bird)to come to rest from flying（鸟）飞落，暂栖（鸟）飞落，暂栖E.g.:The sparrow perched on the branch for a moment or two.麻雀在树枝上憩息了一会麻雀在树枝上憩息了一会儿。儿。More than 2000 spectators sat on wooden benches or squatted on the grass,perched on the tops of parked cars or gawked from windows.Paragraph 5take in:to notice or see(something)fully 注注意到；用敏锐的目光看；看出意到；用敏锐的目光看；看出E.g.:Her eyes were taking in nothing but the telephone.她的眼睛只盯着电话机，其他一她的眼睛只盯着电话机，其他一律视而不见。律视而不见。He took in what was happening and decided to get away quickly.他一眼看出情况他一眼看出情况不对，决定马上离开。不对，决定马上离开。Paragraph 6preposterous:so strange as to be unlikely;absurd 荒谬的荒谬的E.g.:The suggestion that all wild animals must be tamed is preposterous.the changes TV would effect(v.,cause,produce)upon child-rearing methods:the possible effects(n.,result or conditions produced by a cause)of so much TV viewing on child-raising methodsParagraph 6Effect is both a noun and a verb.Note the difference between them.E.g.:They tried to effect the rescue of the hostages held by the terrorists.He is suffering from the effects of smoking and drinking.Paragraph 7a steady refrain:a remark that is repeated on and onRefrain is often used to refer to“a part of a song that is repeated,especially at the end of each verse”诗歌每节收尾的重复句诗歌每节收尾的重复句Paragraph 8ameliorate:make or become better or less bad;improveE.g.:Various means are taken to ameliorate the situation.the advent of:the arrival or coming of(an important event,period,person,etc.)television-oriented:particularly interested in TVParagraph 8E.g.:export-oriented industry 外向型工业外向型工业 research-oriented medical institution 研究性医疗研究性医疗机构机构 examination-oriented education 应试教育应试教育television emerges as the important influence:television comes forth as the most important influence.Note the use of the word the in italics.When you wish to refer to something as almost the only one of its kind,you italicize the word the and pronounce the word with emphasisParagraph 8emerge:come out or appear from being hiddenE.g.:The sun seemed to emerge from under the sea.Outstanding young medical doctors have emerged from a number of hospitals.Paragraph 9TVs contribution to family life has been an equivocal one:It is questionable whether TV has made a positive or negative influence on family life./It is difficult to evaluate the contribution TV makes to family life.equivocal:questionable;ambiguous.This is a formal word.E.g.:She took second place in the speech contest,but her success was equivocal(不确定的不确定的).Paragraph 9 She gave an equivocal(模棱两可的模棱两可的)answer to my question.The antonym of equivocal is unequivocal,which means“completely clear,allowing no possibility of doubt”(不含糊的不含糊的).E.g.:She took an unequivocal stand on the issue of womens liberation.disperse:to(cause to)scatter in different directionsParagraph 9ritual:one or more ceremonies or customary acts which are often repeated in the same form 老规矩；典老规矩；典礼礼recurrent:(of events)recurring;happening again and again;repeated 复现的，再发的复现的，再发的Paragraph 10spell:strong attractive power;the magic words producing a condition caused by magic power 魔法魔法;符咒，咒语符咒，咒语cast a spell on/over:对对施妖术；迷住施妖术；迷住E.g.:The beauty of the tropical islands cast a spell over the tourists.热带岛屿的美景把游热带岛屿的美景把游客们迷住了。客们迷住了。Paragraph 10enchantment:spell E.g.:A wicked woman laid an enchantment on the princess.feel the enchantment of the scene 领略景领略景色之美色之美 the dangers and enchantments of mountainous regions 山区的险峻和迷人之山区的险峻和迷人之处处Paragraph 10not so much as:also not so much as,meaning“not but rather”与其说与其说是是不如说是不如说是E.g.:They werent so much islands as sandbars.与其说那是些岛屿，不如说都是与其说那是些岛屿，不如说都是些沙洲。些沙洲。festivity:(usually plural with singular meaning)a festive event 节日，喜庆日；节日，喜庆日；(s)庆典，庆祝活动庆典，庆祝活动Paragraph 10E.g.:Colored flags added to the festivity of the scene.五颜六色的彩旗使这场面增加了五颜六色的彩旗使这场面增加了欢庆气氛。欢庆气氛。wedding festivities 结婚庆典结婚庆典Paragraph 11how the medium is involved in:how television has a necessary part in involve:have as a necessary part or resultE.g.:A lot of work is involved in writing a research paper.Paragraph 13counterbalance:to oppose or balance with an equal weight or force 抵消抵消a writer and mother of two boys:a writer who has two boys 一个作家同时是两个男孩一个作家同时是两个男孩的母亲的母亲 compare:a writer and a mother“We were in the midst of a full-scale war.a new battle a major skirmish diplomatic negotiations”:These words said by the mother of two boys are Paragraph 13metaphorical.She was describing the differences of opinions and differences in interests among her family members.skirmish:a fight between small groups of soldiers,ships,etc.,at a distance from the main forces and not part of a large battle;a short or unplanned exchange of arguments between opponents 小规模战斗，小冲突；小规模战斗，小冲突；小争论小争论Paragraph 14stint:a limited or fixed amount or share of work allotted 限量限量E.g.:Ive done my stint for today.我今天的工作已我今天的工作已做完。做完。do a stint of work every Sunday 每个星期天做一每个星期天做一点工作点工作 serve a three-year stint in the army 服三年兵役服三年兵役 He lavished money on his children without stint.他在孩子们身上花钱毫不吝啬他在孩子们身上花钱毫不吝啬。Paragraph 14The childrens evening is regimented with an almost military precision:The childrens activities in the evening are arranged in such an exact way that they were almost like military actions.Note the use of words related to the military to be in harmony with what the mother said about the“war,battles,and skirmishes.”Paragraph 14regiment:to control(people)firmly and strictly forcing them to obey orders 严格控制；管制严格控制；管制E.g.:lead a regimented life 过受到严格控制的兵营过受到严格控制的兵营式生活式生活 a country whose press is rigidly censored and regimented 新闻受到严格检查和严密控制的国家新闻受到严格检查和严密控制的国家amiss:wrong or imperfect 有错误的，有缺点的有错误的，有缺点的E.g.:take amiss（尤指出于误解）因（尤指出于误解）因而见怪；而见怪；对对非常在乎非常在乎 I hope that you will not take it amiss if I poke some fun.如果我开个玩笑，希望你不会见怪如果我开个玩笑，希望你不会见怪Paragraph 15without conjuring up memories of the Victorian era:without calling to mind what happened in the Victorian eraconjure up:cause to appear as a picture in the mind;bring into the mind or cause to be remembered 回忆，忆起回忆，忆起E.g.:At the alumni meeting,everyone present conjured up scenes at school in the past.Paragraph 16that spontaneous taking up of an activity:taking part in an activity without planning or preparation beforehandspontaneous:unplanned,not prearrangedE.g.:He made a spontaneous offer to help the handicapped children.on the spur of the moment:with a sudden tendency to act without thinking much;on a sudden impulse 不加思索地；一时冲动之下不加思索地；一时冲动之下Paragraph 16E.g.:She gave a clever answer to the tricky question on the spur of the moment.scribble:to write meaningless marks 涂鸦，涂鸦，乱涂；胡写，潦草书写乱涂；胡写，潦草书写Paragraph 17sane:healthy in mind;not mad;sensible 健全的，健全的，明智的明智的mediating between the needs of both children and adults:acting as a go-between concerning the needs of both the adults and childrenmediate:act as a peacemaker between opposing sides 调停，斡旋调停，斡旋E.g.:mediate between two opposing parties/employees and employersParagraph 17shunt:to move to one side or away from a centre of activity 移开，退居一边移开，退居一边E.g.:feel shunted 感到被冷落感到被冷落 shunt sb.aside 把某人撇在一边把某人撇在一边render:to cause to be 导致，使成为导致，使成为E.g.:The tone rendered the statement an insult.说说话用的这种调子听起来使人感到受辱。话用的这种调子听起来使人感到受辱。Millions of people were rendered partially or wholly destitute during the war.战争期间，数以百战争期间，数以百万计的人民都沦落到啼饥号寒或一贫如洗的地步。万计的人民都沦落到啼饥号寒或一贫如洗的地步。Paragraph 17undemanding:that does not need a lot of attention or effort 要求不高的；不苛求的；不严格的要求不高的；不苛求的；不严格的E.g.:an undemanding job 要求不高的工作要求不高的工作 undemanding parents 不苛严的双亲不苛严的双亲parents accede to those demands:parents agree to those demandsaccede:agree to(a proposal/request/suggestion/plan/demand,etc.,often after first disagreeing)同意，让步同意，让步Paragraph 17backlog:a reserve supply or source 存货，积压；存货，积压；储备储备recur:(especially of something unpleasant or unwelcome)to happen or appear again,or more than once;return 再发生，重现再发生，重现anything other than a caretaking institution:anything except a caretaking institution.The whole clause means:“the family is likely to survive only as a caretaking institution.”VI.SA to Organization and Development,P.63,Students Book1.In Paragraphs 2 4,three quotations from the early writers and commentators show the general view in favor of the new invention without the slightest foresight as to its possible negative effect.2.In Paragraph 7,a quotation of the authors of an early and influential study of television effect on children illustrates a popularly accepted view which helped to soothe the concern parents began to feel about the negative effects TV might have on their children.When the study was carried out,the negative effects of TV were already felt by some parents.VI.SA to Organization and Development,P.63,Students Book3.In Paragraph 10,a quotation from Urie Bronfenbrenner powerfully states the view that TV had negatively affected family life and the transformation of children into adults.4.In Paragraph 12,there is a quotation from a first-grade teachers report,and in Paragraph 13,there is a quotation from an article written by a mother carried in The New York Times.Both of these try to show how TV dominates the life of a family and reduces interaction between parents and children.VII.SA to Ex.I,P.48,Workbook1.The TV set has become so important in the life of a family that its possession is guaranteed by law.Even when a person is in debt,it cannot be taken away from him by whomever he owes a debt.2.The early observers only saw the favorable effects of TV and none of them was sufficiently far-sighted to predict the negative effects of TV in the future.That is why they are accused of myopia,i.e.,short-sightednessVII.SA to Ex.I,P.48,Workbook3.The word“refrain”has two meanings:1)a regularly occurring melody,2)a much repeated saying or idea.In this context the word is used in the second sense.It refers to the quotation that follows.4.The TV helps to keep all the family members in the house in a physical sense.But they are not really doing things together.Instead,they watch their own favorite programs with little interaction between them.In this sense the TV undermines the relationships between family members.VII.SA to Ex.I,P.48,Workbook5.We can compare the way the children in a TV-dominated family spend their leisure time with the way children in the Victorian age spent theirs.Now all their spare time is devoted to TV viewing with no time left for family rituals,games,jokes,songs,etc.6.Refer to Paragraphs 12 and 13.What a first-grade teacher reports and what an article in The New York Times describes are examples of the loss of social interaction.VIII.SA to Ex.II,P.49,Workbook1.Chil