污水好氧生物处理实验省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

污水好氧生物处理试验污水好氧生物处理试验中国环境管理干部学院中国环境管理干部学院环境技术研究与试验中心环境技术研究与试验中心Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第1页实验目1、熟悉活性污泥法基本流程；2、加深对污水好氧生物处理和活性污泥法原理了解；3、掌握利用氧化沟系统处理生活污水试验方法。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第2页污水好氧生物处理原理示意图污水好氧生物处理原理示意图污水好氧生物处理原理示意图污水好氧生物处理原理示意图内源呼吸产物内源呼吸产物 +能量能量(CO2、H2O、NH3、SO42-)污水中可污水中可降解有机物降解有机物新细胞物质新细胞物质（C5H7NO2）代谢产物代谢产物 (CO2、H2O、NH3、SO42-)(1/3)分解代谢分解代谢(2/3)合成代谢合成代谢+好氧微生物好氧微生物O2 能量能量净增细胞物质净增细胞物质内源呼吸内源呼吸80%20%内源呼吸残留物内源呼吸残留物O2无机代谢产物无机代谢产物少许能量少许能量剩下污泥剩下污泥Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第3页活性污泥法原理活性污泥法就是利用悬浮在水中活性污泥，在微生物生长有利环境下和污水充分接触，对废水中有机物、营养元素(N、P)和一些无机毒物产生吸附、氧化分解而使废水得到净化方法。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第4页高碑店污水处理厂工艺流程图高碑店污水处理厂工艺流程图Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第5页活性污泥法作用过程 1 1、吸附阶段、吸附阶段主要是废水中污染物因为活性污泥吸附作用被转移到活性污主要是废水中污染物因为活性污泥吸附作用被转移到活性污泥中从而被去除，这一阶段时间很短，普通泥中从而被去除，这一阶段时间很短，普通10-45min10-45min即可完成。即可完成。2 2、氧化阶段、氧化阶段在有氧条件下，微生物将前一阶段所吸附污染物氧化分解以在有氧条件下，微生物将前一阶段所吸附污染物氧化分解以取得能量或合成细胞质。从水处理角度看，不论氧化分解还是取得能量或合成细胞质。从水处理角度看，不论氧化分解还是合成都能从水中去除污染物，这一阶段进行迟缓，普通需合成都能从水中去除污染物，这一阶段进行迟缓，普通需4-4-6hr6hr。3 3、絮凝沉淀阶段、絮凝沉淀阶段氧化阶段合成菌体、有机体絮凝形成絮凝体，经过重力沉淀氧化阶段合成菌体、有机体絮凝形成絮凝体，经过重力沉淀从水中分离出来，使水净化，这一阶段在二沉池中进行。从水中分离出来，使水净化，这一阶段在二沉池中进行。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第6页试验内容测定污泥浓度(MLSS)、污泥沉降比(SV)、进水流量(Qinf)、回流污泥流量(QR)、反应器有效容积(V)计算污泥体积指数(SVI)、水力停留时间(HRT)、污泥回流比(R)Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第7页试验内容1 1、污泥浓度、污泥浓度 也称混合液悬浮固体也称混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)(MLSS)，是指曝气池中，是指曝气池中1L1L活性污活性污泥混合液中悬浮物重量，单位泥混合液中悬浮物重量，单位mg/Lmg/L或或g/Lg/L。污泥浓度从表观。污泥浓度从表观上反应了活性污泥数量多少。上反应了活性污泥数量多少。氧化沟系统氧化沟系统MLSSMLSS普通控制在普通控制在-6000mg/L-6000mg/L。试验仪器：恒温鼓风干燥箱、真空抽滤系统、量杯、试验仪器：恒温鼓风干燥箱、真空抽滤系统、量杯、取样烧杯、镊子、干燥器、万分之一电子天平。取样烧杯、镊子、干燥器、万分之一电子天平。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第8页试验设备真空抽滤系统真空抽滤系统真空泵真空泵缓冲瓶缓冲瓶抽滤瓶抽滤瓶Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第9页试验内容1 1、污泥浓度、污泥浓度预热电子天平滤纸烘干、冷却滤纸称重M纸纸Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第10页抽滤取样铺滤纸试验内容1 1、污泥浓度、污泥浓度预热电子天平滤纸烘干、冷却滤纸称重100mLSino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第11页抽滤取样铺滤纸试验内容1 1、污泥浓度、污泥浓度预热电子天平滤纸烘干、冷却滤纸称重样品烘干样品冷却样品称重103-1052hM纸纸+SSSino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第12页试验内容1 1、污泥浓度、污泥浓度结果表示结果表示Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第13页试验内容2 2、污泥沉降比（、污泥沉降比（SVSV）SVSV是是指指1L1L曝曝气气池池混混合合液液静静止止沉沉降降30min30min后后，沉沉淀淀污污泥泥占占混混合合液液百百分分比比。它它反反应应污污泥泥沉沉降降性性能能和和浓浓缩缩性能。试验仪器：沉淀锥、表。性能。试验仪器：沉淀锥、表。30minV(mL)Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第14页试验内容2 2、污泥沉降比（、污泥沉降比（SVSV）结果表示结果表示Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第15页试验内容3 3、进水流量进水流量(Q(Qinfinf)、回流污泥流量、回流污泥流量(Q(QR R)曝曝气气池池进进水水流流量量、污污泥泥回回流流流流量量会会直直接接影影响响到到生生物物处理装置运行效果。试验仪器：秒表、烧杯、量筒处理装置运行效果。试验仪器：秒表、烧杯、量筒20S-1minSino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第16页试验内容4 4、反应器有效容积、反应器有效容积V V 反反应应器器有有效效容容积积是是指指混混合合液液（活活性性污污泥泥和和污污水水）在反应器中所占体积。试验仪器：卷尺在反应器中所占体积。试验仪器：卷尺Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第17页questionSino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第18页指标计算1 1、污泥体积指数、污泥体积指数SVISVI SVISVI系系指指曝曝气气池池中中活活性性污污泥泥混混合合液液经经30min30min沉沉降降后后，1g1g干干污泥在湿时所占污泥层体积污泥在湿时所占污泥层体积,单位单位mL/gmL/g。SVI SVI值是判断污泥沉降浓缩性能一个惯用参数。普通认值是判断污泥沉降浓缩性能一个惯用参数。普通认为为SVI=50SVI=50150mL/g150mL/g时，污泥沉降良好；时，污泥沉降良好；SVISVI大于大于200mL/g200mL/g时，时，污泥膨胀，沉降性能差；污泥膨胀，沉降性能差；SVI SVI小于小于50mL/g50mL/g时，污泥中无机物时，污泥中无机物多，活性差。多，活性差。SVI意义意义?Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第19页指标计算2 2、水力停留时间、水力停留时间 污水在曝气池内水力停留时间普通用污水在曝气池内水力停留时间普通用HRTHRT表示。表示。HRTHRT与入流污水量及池容大小相关系。与入流污水量及池容大小相关系。氧化沟水力停留时间可取氧化沟水力停留时间可取 2020、2424、3636、48h48h，依据对出水水质要求而定。，依据对出水水质要求而定。名义停留时间名义停留时间实际停留时间实际停留时间Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第20页指标计算3、回流比 回流比是回流污泥量与入流污水量之比，惯用R表示：氧化沟回流比R普通为50-150%。Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第21页试验总结Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water TreatmentTraining Centre for Water Treatment第22页