Chapter2商务英语翻译技巧省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

翻译基本方法音译 Transliteration直译 Literal Translation(word-for-word translation)意译 Free Translation(sense-for-sense translation)艺术加工第1页Sure,Bob,everybody talks about empowerment,but when the rubber hits the road,the bosses demand to have the last word.译文：当然，Bob，每个人都在谈论放权，但真正开始执行总要等老板最终决议。What foreign businessmen find encouraging is that ideology is no longer in the drivers seat.译文：令外商感到鼓舞是意识形态不再左右一切了。第2页1.Floating policy is actually a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended.floating policy 总保险单;指用以承包多批次货运一个连续性长久保险凭证，常译为“统保单”。译：统保单是货物保险一个便利方法,适合分不一样时间出口一批类似货物。第3页2.Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract,the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.without prejudice to相当于without affecting，意为“在不损害标准下”，“在不影响情况下”等等。译：在不影响按适使用方法律或分包协议享受任何权利情况下，承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商全部或部分到期金额。第4页Translation Skills第5页u2.1 英译汉u词汇翻译u句子翻译u2.2 汉译英u词汇翻译u句子翻译第6页u acceptu maturity1.Provided you fulfill the terms of the credit,we will accept and pay at maturity date.accept:承兑，认付（汇票等）maturity:期满在贵企业推行信用证条款条件下，我行将承兑并于期满时支付信用证项下提醒汇票。第7页u outstandingu settlement2.Regarding our outstanding account US$6,000,we must request you to send us immediately your check in settlement.outstanding:未完结，未清，未付settlement:支付，结帐相关未付账6，000美元，请马上寄来支票，方便结帐。第8页Starbucks annual turnover is 60 million yuan.That company has a fast turnover because of poor working conditions.turnover:营业额；人员更换率第9页u依据语境确定词义a.We are sorry to say we had to lodge a claim against you to cover our loss and hope you will take action immediately.十分遗憾地奉告，我方不得不向你方提出索赔以填补我方损失，并希望尽快落实。b.This is the balance to cover the check.这是准备用来交付支票存款余额。第10页a.Once the jewels were safely locked up in the bank he had no more anxieties about their security.b.He gave his house as a security.c.Treasury securities are revalued daily.security:安全;抵押品，担保品;证券，债券第11页u依据专业确定词义a.They give 10%discount for cash payment.b.The exporter may take the accepted bill to a discount bank before the maturity if he is in urgent need of the amount of money.出口商假如急需用这笔钱,他能够把这个承兑了汇票拿去贴现银行贴现。c.If the forward exchange rate is higher than the spot rate,we call it forward premium,and if it is lower,we call it forward discount.假如远期汇率比即期汇率高，我们称之为远期升水;假如远期比即期低，我们称之为远期贴水。discount 贴现银行贴现（银行金融）a.贴水（金融外汇）第12页u依据搭配关系确定词义a.The above quoted are the articles in great demand,which have won a high reputation in various markets.上述报价商品均为畅销货物，它们已在世界各地市场上赢得很高声誉。b.The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended without the agreement by both parties.本协议中所列条款未经双方一致同意不得变动和修改。article:商品；条款第13页The dollars remain strong against several important currencies.Canada is the biggest U.S.trading partner,accounting for more than 20%of both exports and imports,and the Canadian dollar is at all time low against the U.S.dollar.美元对几个国家货币保持坚挺。加拿大是美国最大贸易搭档，占了美国进出口总额20%。当前加元对美元比价处于历史最低点。第14页u普通词汇，特殊意义In order to market our new product,we have printed fine literature.literature普通英语中，文学;商 务 英 语 中，printedmatters,including leaflets,instruction,productcatalogue,price list,etc.(文字宣传资料，诸如产品说明书、产品目录、价目表等)第15页However,the tariff should not be greater in amount that the margin of price caused by dumping.译文:不过，(反倾销)关税税额不应比因倾销而取得毛利润高。dumping，在商业领域被引申为“倾销”。margin，在商务英语中有“利润、毛额、押金、确保金”意义。第16页When Peter Welch,president of Cussons Polska and Uroda SA,arrived at Cussons newly acquired factory in Poland in 1993,he discovered that the concept of teamwork didnt exist.acquire 在商务英语中，“收购”当卡森波兰企业和乌诺达股份有限企业总裁彼得维奇刚到在波兰新并购工厂时，他发觉那儿根本不存在团体合作概念。注释:Uroda SA:乌诺达股份有限企业。SA 是法语，有时也写成 或S.A.。意思是“股份有限企业”。第17页u半专业词汇The bill of exchange shall be accepted first and then can be honored by the acceptor.honor，“兑现、承付”意思。该汇票应先承兑，然后由承兑方进行支付。第18页If all the terms and conditions in the credit are not complied with,the exporter may run the risk of his draft being dishonored by the bank.商务英语中，dishonor 指银行“退票、拒付”。假如信用证条款不一致，出口商汇票有可 能遭到银行拒付。第19页u专业词汇lot Labels:labels attached to each piece of multiple lot shipment for identification purposes.Lot Labels:货票标签货票标签：给多批货物每件贴上标签方便于识别。第20页保险费赔偿房屋出租财产出租停业货币升值npremiumnindemnityntenancy nlease of propertynwind up/cease a businessnappreciation of money 第21页1.The premium rates vary with differed interests insured.2.If the buyer fails to pay any account when due,the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller overdue interest on such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of five percent per annum,such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the seller.3.The articles of our immediate interest are your“CHON-HOI”brand Agricultural Washing Machines.（保险费率）（保险费率）被保险货物被保险货物逾期利息逾期利息兴趣兴趣第22页1.拆句法2.词性转换法3.必定否定转换译法4.语序重组法5.省译法6.增译法7.重复法第23页If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2,then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws,it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第24页首先，找出全句主干结构；其次，要找出句子中全部谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句引导词；然后再分析从句和短句功效；最终，分析句子中是否有固定搭配，插入语等其它成份。第25页If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1,then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws,it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第一步，拆分句子：第一步，拆分句子：1.If a Party breaches in Articles 18.12.then in addition to Applicable laws3.it shall indemnify and costs,expenses,liabilities and claims4.that such Party or as a result of such breach.第26页If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1,then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws,it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第二步，句子结构分析：第二步，句子结构分析：句主干结构是主语（It）（情态动词 动词原形）（shall indemnify and keep indemnifiedagainst）宾 语（the other Party and the Company）；“if”引导是条件从句，条件句宾语部分跟随即置定语（given by it in Articles 18.1）；“in addition to”引导是增补成份，其关键词remedies也跟了后置定语（available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable laws）；而“that”引导则是后置定语修饰紧邻五个名词；固定结构“indemnify sb.against”使某人不受第27页If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1,then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws,it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.假如一方违反任何其依据第18.1条所做陈说或担保，则另一方除依据本协议或适使用方法律寻求任何可能救助之外，违约方应该赔偿另一方或合营企业所以种违约行为而招致任何损失、损害、费用、开支、责任或索赔。第28页The Buyer may,within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination,lodge a claim against the Seller for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.分分析析：这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers maylodge a claim。修饰谓语动词状语有三个：a.分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destinationb.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和c.目标for short-weight译译文文：货物抵达目标港15天内，买方能够凭有信誉公共检验员出示检验证实向卖方提出短重索赔。第29页In order to facilitate business in consideration of the present monetary stringency（银 根 紧）,the corporation,on behalf of which I am studying this proposition,is willing to base transaction on trade by barter（易货贸易）and would import any articles,which you would ship to the United States.直译：为便于交易，考虑到最近银根很紧，本人正在研究这笔交易所代表企业希望以易货贸易为基础进行交易，并进口你方能运到美国任何商品。拆句组合后：最近银根很紧，为寻求达成交易，本人代表企业正在研究怎样做成这笔交易。我们希望以易货贸易为基础，进口你方能运到美国任何商品。第30页2.He is a good observer.3.Access to the Internet is very simple.1.Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。火箭已经用来探索宇宙。他善于观察。他善于观察。上上互联网很简单。互联网很简单。4.Nylon is nearly twice as strong as natural silk.尼龙尼龙强度强度尼龙强度几乎是天然丝两倍尼龙强度几乎是天然丝两倍。第31页将将英英语语名名词词转转换换成成汉汉语语动动词词，译译文文更更符符合合汉汉语语表表示示习习惯惯。因因为为与与英英语语相相比比，汉汉语语句句子子中中动动词词用用得得多多，除除了了大大量量动动宾宾结结构构外外，还还有有很很多多连连动动式式、兼兼语语式式等等两两个个以以上上动动词词连连用用现现象象。所所以以，英英语语中中不不少少词词类类，如如名名词词、动动名名词词、介介词词、形形容容词词、副副词词等等在在英英译译汉汉时时往往往往需需要要进进行行一一定定调调整整，转转译译成成汉汉语语动动词词。当当然然，英英语语名名词词化化和和汉汉语语动动词词化化并并不不排排除除在在英英译译汉汉时时把把英英语语动动词词转转化化成成汉语名词，汉语名词，再再如：如：美美国国与与德德国国汽汽车车制制造造商商在在欧欧洲洲市市场场竞竞争争得得异异常常激激烈烈，迫迫使使我我们们不得不改变投资计划。（英语名词转换成汉语动词）不得不改变投资计划。（英语名词转换成汉语动词）Extremely keen competition between American and German vehicle manufacturers in the European market has compelled us to change our investment plan.第32页1.A government report targets earnings from industry at US$200 billion by.2.The cost of making goods can be drastically lowered by means of mass-production.政府一份汇报提出一个指标：到，要使工业收入到达2000亿美元。（英语动词转换成汉语名词）经过批量生产能够大幅度降低生产产品成本。（英语介词转化成汉语动词）3.Before World War II the most successful attempt to reduce tariffs by reciprocal bargaining was the trade agreements program of the United States,which was limited,however,by its bilateral nature.第二次世界大战之前，经过相互谈判降低关税最成功努力是美国贸易协定计划，不过这一计划受其双边性质限制。（英语代词转换成汉语名词）第33页4.Advertising affects tremendously every sphere of modern life.5.The fair price connected with the superiority of varieties of our products will be able to guarantee our competitive edge in the international market.广告对当代生活方方面面产生极大影响。（英语副词转换成汉语形容词）我方各种各样产品价格公平，品质优良，能够确保在国际市场竞争优势。（英语名词转换成汉语形容词）。第34页2.I have the honor to inform you that the new products of yours have entered the international markets.我荣幸地告诉你，贵企业新产品已经打入了国际市场。我荣幸地告诉你，贵企业新产品已经打入了国际市场。（名词转换成副词）（名词转换成副词）3.Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片，就得首先把鸦片焚毁。林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片，就得首先把鸦片焚毁。（形容词（形容词+名词转换为副词名词转换为副词+动词，名词转换为动词）动词，名词转换为动词）1.Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance.（形容词转换为名词；介词转换为名词）继承权男女平等。继承权男女平等。第35页There must be less empty talk and more hard work.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.（名词转换为动词）一定要少说空话，多做工作。一定要少说空话，多做工作。（形容词名词转换为副词动词）二十年来我们坐视原材料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨（情况）。二十年来我们坐视原材料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨（情况）。第36页Amplification(增词法增词法)By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear,to make it more like the language translated into.Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically.In other words,a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original.There are two kinds:1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness,2)Words supplied for semantic completionto secure clearness.Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.第37页 增词法（增词法（AmplificationAmplification）：）：1)增补同义词2)增补范围词3)增补产品名称第38页晚晚上上在在参参加加宴宴会会、出出席席音音乐乐会会、观观看看乒乒乓乓球球演演出出之之后后，他他还还得得起草最终公报。起草最终公报。2.Ourproductisindeedcheapandfine.我们产品物美价廉。我们产品物美价廉。3.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。Warm up1.Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqu.第39页1.增补同义词增补同义词增补同义词增补同义词 The innovation of products is one of the reform measures of the SOEs because it can decrease loss,cost and budget.产产品品革革新新是是国国企企改改革革办办法法之之一一，因因为为它它能能够够降降低低损损失失、降低降低成本成本并并削减削减预算。预算。假如直译成：“产品革新是国企改革办法之一，因为它能够降低损失、成本和预算。”那么，句中“降低”和“成本”搭配就不妥当，所以有必要增补对应汉语词汇。第40页Investor confidence is crucial to the success of our economic system.投资者信心对于经济体系成功投资者信心对于经济体系成功运行运行至关主要。至关主要。Both the buyer and the seller are busy at negotiations of business,contract and draft.买卖双方正忙于交易买卖双方正忙于交易磋商磋商，合约，合约谈判谈判和汇票和汇票议付议付。假如直译为：“买卖双方正忙于交易，合约和汇票磋商。”那么，“磋商”和“合约”及“汇票”搭配也不准确，所以，需要译者依据汉语搭配习惯做出增补。第41页2.增补范围词增补范围词增补范围词增补范围词 在英译汉过程中考虑到汉语表示习惯，经常增加范围词有：方法、办法、情况、情绪、状态、现象、方面、问题、关系、工作等。The changes of requirements for the commodities in the market are affected by the internal and external factors.影影响响市市场场对对商商品品需需求求改改变变情情况况有有内内因因和和外外因因两两方方面面原原因因。假如直译就是：影响市场对商品需求改变有内因和外因两方面。但若添加范围词“情况”、“方面”等来修饰对应抽象名词，changes和 factors 愈加详细、明确，符合汉语修辞需要。第42页1.The tension in the Middle East has attracted much attention.中东中东担心局势担心局势已引发了全世界广泛关注。已引发了全世界广泛关注。2.The terms of the contract must be clear,definite,certain and complete.协议条款必须协议条款必须书写书写清楚、清楚、意思意思明确、明确、语气语气必定、必定、内容内容完备。完备。3.3.Unless these issues are addressed as a matter of urgency,the consequent de-motivation of staff will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the performance of the company.假假如如这这些些问问题题得得不不到到紧紧急急处处理理，员员工工队队伍伍中中随随之之出出现现消消极极怠怠工情绪工情绪无疑将对企业整个运行业绩产生负面影响。无疑将对企业整个运行业绩产生负面影响。第43页 混乱混乱局面局面 饱和饱和状态状态 废物废物回收利用回收利用 准备准备工作工作 管理管理部门部门 冗冗员员，多出，多出信息信息 补救补救办法办法 处理处理方案方案 修改修改方案方案 有利有利地位地位 落后落后状态状态 .confusion saturation recycling preparation management redundancy remedies solution modification advantage backwardness 第44页 说服说服工作工作 担心担心局势局势 自满自满情绪情绪 疯狂疯狂行为行为 敌对敌对态度态度亵渎亵渎行为行为军事军事,政治政治,经济经济等方面等方面 .persuasion tension arrogance madnessantagonismprofanitymilitarily,politically and economically第45页3.增补产品名称增补产品名称增补产品名称增补产品名称词义对于英文中缺失产品名称，翻译时有时要依据详细情况增补出来。如：The price which society pays for the law of competition,like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries,is also great.社社会会为为竞竞争争法法则则付付出出代代价价，如如同同它它为为廉廉价价舒舒适适家家用用商商品品和和高档消费品高档消费品代价一样巨大。代价一样巨大。comfort 和 luxury 都是抽象名词，但在组成复数后，词义就详细化了。不然该句就会产生这么误译：社会竞争法则付出代价如同它为廉价舒适和奢侈付出代价一样巨大。第46页The five Toyota,twenty Hitachi and thirty Fuji Xerox have long been ready for shipment,but shipment cannot be effected because of the late arrival of your L/C.5 5辆辆丰丰田田牌牌汽汽车车，2020台台日日立立牌牌电电视视机机和和3030台台富富士士施施乐乐牌牌复复印印机机早早已已备备妥妥待待运运，但但因因你你方方信信用用证证延延迟迟抵抵达达，货货物不能按期装运。物不能按期装运。原文中Toyota，Hitachi，Xerox都为世界著名品牌，在翻译时要按汉语习惯使用方法把他们产品名称补充完整，才能使译文详细明了。第47页to leave out some unnecessary words.One of the differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording.What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even“a stumbling block”in the other.For the sake of succinctness,functional words in English such as the article,the preposition are usually omitted in translation.See examples:第48页A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence.邻居之间为了篱笆高度惹起了一场争论。邻居为篱笆高低有过争论。（思果，译道探微，中国对外翻译出版企业，）P149。Fight when you can win;move away when you cannot win.打得赢就打;打不赢就走。第49页ItwasakeendisappointmentwhenIhadtopostponethevisit whichIhadintendedtopaytoChinainMay.Iwasdelightedwhen,asaresultoftheeffortofyourcompany,itprovedpossibletoreinstatethevisitsoquickly.原打算五月份访华，后不得不推迟，深感失望。因为贵企业努力，访问这么快得以重新安排，非常高兴。减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要词语省去。减省词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表示习惯词语。减词普通用于以下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行减省；二是从修饰角度进行减省，但总体效果无非是在更透彻地了解原文基础上更流畅地表示出来。第50页A teacher s