自动化与电子信息专业英语杨植新电子教案Part省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Part 1 Fundaments of Electric Circuit第1页1.1 Circuit Concepts1.1.1 Specialized English Words electrical deviceconducting leadresistorresistanceinductorcapacitorcapacitance电气器件电气器件引线体引线体电阻器电阻器电阻，阻值电阻，阻值电感器电感器电容器电容器电容电容第2页passive elementsactive elementsillustrate circuit diagram lumpedlumped-parameter circuits sign power sinepolarity无源元件无源元件有源元件有源元件图解图解电路图电路图集总集总集总参数电路集总参数电路符号符号功率功率正弦正弦极性极性第3页time-variable coil electric motor transformers dielectric mechanismparalleled-platechargesdeficiency equalization junction 时变时变线圈线圈电动机电动机变压器变压器电介质电介质机理机理平行板平行板电荷电荷缺乏，不足缺乏，不足均衡，同等化均衡，同等化节点节点第4页term distributed cycleDerivativeenergy instantaneous magnetic field 术语术语分布式分布式周期周期导数导数能量能量瞬时瞬时磁场磁场第5页1.1.2 Notes1.A two-terminal element in general form is shown in Fig.1.1.1,with a single device represented by the rectangular symbol and two perfectly conducting leads ending at connecting points A and B.译文：二端元件普通形式如图1.1.1所表示，它是用长方形符号及以A，B为端点两段理想引导体来表示。介词短语介词短语with作状语修饰作状语修饰“is shown”第6页2.The circuit diagrams presented here are termed lumped-parameter circuits,since a single element in one location is used to represent a distributed resistance,inductance,or capacitance.译文：因为我们惯用单个元件来表示某块位置分布电阻、电感或电容，所以这里所列出这些电路图称为集中参数电路。“since”后面为原因状语从句用来说明前面主句后面为原因状语从句用来说明前面主句第7页3.Similarly,a current source requires that a direction be indicated,as well as the function,as shown in Fig.1.1.4(b).译文：与电压源类似，电流源也需要指明其方向和函数，如图1.1.4（b）。“as well as”在句中作为并列连词在科技英语在句中作为并列连词在科技英语中很常见，这里表示后面中很常见，这里表示后面“function”和前面和前面“direction”一样需要指明一样需要指明第8页4.The charge,q=Cv,on a capacitor results in an electric field in the dielectric which is the mechanism of the energy storage.译文：电容器中电荷，在电介质中产生电场，这便是电容器储存能量机理。“results in”短语表示造成，短语表示造成，造成造成结果。结果。which”引导非引导非限定性定语从句是用来修饰前限定性定语从句是用来修饰前面整个句子面整个句子。第9页5.It is the equalization of these charges that takes place when the capacitor is discharged.译文：当电容放电时，两极板上电荷趋向均衡。“It isthat”为强调句型，强为强调句型，强调主语调主语“the equalization of these charges”。第10页1.2 Voltage and Current Laws1.2.1 Specialized English Words linear circuitlaw stimulated node order branch 线性电路线性电路定理定理激励激励节点节点次序次序支路支路第11页variable potential voltage drop Kirchhoffs Current LawKirchhoffs Voltage Law differential equation变量变量电位电位电压降电压降基尔霍夫电流定律基尔霍夫电流定律基尔霍夫电压定律基尔霍夫电压定律微分方程微分方程第12页time-variable coil electric motor transformers dielectric mechanismparalleled-platechargesdeficiency equalization junction 时变时变线圈线圈电动机电动机变压器变压器电介质电介质机理机理平行板平行板电荷电荷缺乏，不足缺乏，不足均衡，同等化均衡，同等化节点节点第13页term distributed cyclederivative术语术语分布式分布式周期周期导数导数第14页1.2.2 Notes1.This behavior results from whatever voltage sources,current sources,and energy storage elements are connected to the circuit.译文：这种规律与电压源、电流源和储能元件详细类型无关。“whatever”在这里引导名词从句，表示在这里引导名词从句，表示任何电压源、电流源和储能元件。短语任何电压源、电流源和储能元件。短语“Result from”表示表示“由由.产生产生”第15页2.Given a branch,the pair of nodes to which the branch is attached defines the convention for measuring voltages in the circuit.译文：对于电路中给定支路两端电压测量，是由支路两端节点来确定。to which the branch is attached”为定为定语从句，修饰语从句，修饰“the pair of nodes”。第16页3.Similarly,a current source requires that a direction be indicated,as well as the function,as shown in Fig.1.1.4(b).译文：与电压源类似，电流源也需要指明其方向和函数，如图1.1.4（b）。“as well as”在句中作为并列在句中作为并列连词在科技英语中很常见，这里连词在科技英语中很常见，这里表示后面表示后面“function”和前面和前面“direction”一样需要指明一样需要指明第17页3.Given the ordered pair of nodes(a,b),a voltage measurement is formed as follows:vab=va-vb,where va and vb are the absolute electrical potentials(voltage)at the respective nodes,taken relative to some reference node.译文：对于给定次序一对节点（a,b），测量其电压量应为：va 和 vb，式中 和表示相对于某参考节点电势绝对值。过去分词短语，用来修饰过去分词短语，用来修饰“the absolute electrical potentials”第18页4.The currents used in this expression are understood to be the currents that would be measured in the branches attached to the node,and their values include a magnitude and an algebraic sign.句中“to be the currents”为不定式短语做结果状语，而“that would be.”为定语从句用来修饰“current”；“attached to the node”为过去分词短语，用来修饰“the branches”。译文：式中电流为连接到节点支路电流，他们值包含大小和符号。第19页5.Once KCL has been written for the nodes of a circuit,the equations can be rewritten by substituting into the equations the voltage-current relationships of the individual components.句中“the voltage-current relationships”是“substituting”宾语。等于“by substituting i the voltage-current relationships of the individual components into the equations”译文：当写好电路节点KCL方程后，我们能够把每个元件电压电流关系带入节点KCL方程，而得到新公式。第20页6.For example,if a path includes a branch between node“a”and node“b”,the voltage drop measured along the path in the direction from node“a”and node“b”is denoted by and is given by.句中“measured along the path in the direction from node a and node b”是过去分词短语做后置定语用来说明“the voltage drop”。译文：比如，假如某通路包含含节点a和节点b支路，电压降方向是从a到b，我们标识为 ，第21页1.3 Network Theorems1.3.1 Specialized English Words linearityexcitationresponse homogeneitysuperpositionarbitraryconstantnonlinear线性线性激励激励响应激励响应激励齐次性齐次性可加性可加性任意任意常数常数非线性非线性第22页simultaneouslyshort circuitopen circuitdriving point impedancethevenin TheoremNorton Theoremequivalent impendence同时同时短路短路开路开路策动点阻抗策动点阻抗戴维南定理戴维南定理诺顿定理诺顿定理等效阻抗等效阻抗第23页1.If cause and effect are linearly related,the total effect due to several causes acting simultaneously is equal to the sum of the individual effects due to each of the causes acting one at a time.句中“cause and effect”本意为“因果”，这里指“激励和响应”。短语“due to”表示“归因于.”。“at a time”表示“每次”。译文：“假设激励和响应是线性相关，那么多个激励同时作用在系统上产生总响应等于每个激励分别单独作用时产生响应和。”1.3.2 Notes第24页2.Insofar as a load which has no magnetic or controlled source coupling to a one-port is concerned,a network containing linear elements and both independent and controlled sources may be replaced by an ideal voltage source of strength,and an equivalent impedance,in series with the source.句中“Insofar as”短语意为“只要”，“one-port is concerned”在这里指是准备做等效电路单端口。主句为“A network may be replaced by an ideal voltage source of strength,and an equivalent impedance,in series with the source”。“containing linear elements and both independent and controlled sources”为现在分词短语作定语，修饰主语“network”。译文：“当负载没有磁耦合或者受控电源耦合到等效电路端口，网络仅仅包含线性元件和独立电压和受控电压时，该网络能够用一个理想电压源和一个等效阻抗串联来替换。”第25页1.4.1 Specialized English Wordsfirst-order circuitstransientcomplementary function homogeneous solutionparticular solutioninitial conditionsslope1.4 First-Order Circuits一阶电路一阶电路暂态暂态余函数余函数齐次解齐次解 特解特解初始条件初始条件斜率斜率第26页oscilloscopeimpulse responseexponential functionnatural responsetangentcurvedecay示波器示波器脉冲电流脉冲电流指数函数指数函数自然响应自然响应正切正切曲线曲线衰减衰减第27页1.4.2 Notes1.We will then develop an intuitive approach which can lead us to the same response without going through the formal solution of differential equations.句中“develop”是在科技文件中使用频率较高词，普通意思为“发展、开发或研究”，在这里依据上下文意思，将原意引申译为“推导，导出比较适当”。译文：“无需经过正式微分方程求解，我们将导出一个直观方法来得到一样响应。”第28页2.At times a transient is only partially displayed(on chart paper or on the face of an oscilloscope),and the simultaneous values of function and slope needed in the preceding method are not available.这里“simultaneous”是指“function”和“slope”二者在同一时刻值。译文：“有时暂态过程仅能显示一部分（在统计纸上或示波器屏幕上），而无法同时得到前面方法所需函数和斜率值。”第29页3.After passage of 10 time constants the transient component equals to 0.0045 percent of its initial value,which is less than 5 in 100,000,at which time for all practical purposes we may assume the steady state has been reached.句中“which is less than 5 in 100,000”是修饰“initial value”定语从句，“at which time”中“which”指是时间点“After passage of 10 time constants”，“at which time”引导后面时间状语从句。整句主谓宾为“the transient component equals to 0.0045 percent of its initial value”。译文：“在经过10倍时间常数后，暂态分量等于初始值0.0045%，小于十万分之五，此时对于实际应用来说，我们能够假定已经进入稳态。”第30页4.The circuit will be reduced to a dc-resistive case from which voltages across capacitors and currents through inductors can be easily found,as all the currents and voltages are constants and the analysis involves no differential equations.句中“all the current”是“as”引导原因状语从句，“from which voltages across.easily found”引导是修饰主语“a dc-resistive case”定语从句。译文：“当电路中全部电压和电流均为常数且在分析中不包括微分方程，电路将简化为直流阻性电路，由此很轻易求得电容端电压和流过电感电流。”第31页1.5 Sinusoidal Steady-State Circuit Analysis1.5.1 Specialized English Wordssteady-state responsesinusoidal sourcesfourier seriessinescosinesargumenthertzlag稳态响应稳态响应 正弦电源正弦电源傅立叶级数傅立叶级数正弦正弦余弦余弦自变量，参数自变量，参数赫兹赫兹滞后滞后第32页horizontal scaleradiansdegreeunitsvertical scalemagnitudein phasephasorcounterclockwiseangular velocityprojection水平刻度水平刻度弧度弧度度度单位单位垂直刻度垂直刻度大小，幅值大小，幅值同相同相相量相量逆时针逆时针角速度角速度投影投影第33页functionamplitudeboldfaceadmittancetime domainfrequency domainCartesian formreal partimaginary part函数函数幅值幅值黑体黑体导纳导纳时域时域频域频域笛卡尔坐标系，直角坐标系笛卡尔坐标系，直角坐标系实部实部虚部虚部第34页reactanceinductive reactancecapacitive reactancesusceptancecapacitive susceptanceinductive susceptancequadrantcomplex planevector电抗电抗感抗感抗容抗容抗电纳电纳容纳容纳感纳感纳象限象限复平面复平面矢量，向量矢量，向量第35页1.5.2 Notes1.While examining this sketch,it is a good time to point out that a sinusoid is completely defined when its magnitude(V or I),frequency(orf),and phase(or)are specified.译文:分析此图会发觉，一个含有完整定义正弦波应该指明其幅值（V或）、频率（或）和相位（或）。句中“Examining”假如翻译为检验，显得过于生硬，在这里应该翻译为研究、分析。“It is a good time”能够省略不翻。第36页2.A brief look at the voltage and current sinusoids in the preceding examples shows that the amplitudes and phase differences are the two principal concerns.句中“a brief look”这里表示简单看看，“that the amplitudes and phase.”是“that”引导宾语从句，其中“concerns”表示关切事情。译文:简单分析前面例子中所表示电压和电流正弦曲线，就会看出幅值差和相位差是值得(我们)关注两个主要问题。第37页3.A directed line segment,or phasor,such as that shown rotating in a counterclockwise direction at a constant angular velocity in Fig.1.5.2,has a projection on the horizontal which is a cosine function.句中“Such as that shown”省略了“which is，shown.”在这里作为过去分词结构作为“that”后置定语。译文：如图1.5.2中以恒定角速度按逆时针方向旋转相量，一条有向线段，或者相量在横坐标轴上投影为余弦函数。”第38页4.The phasor diagrams here and all that follow may be considered as a snapshot of the counter clockwise-rotating directed line segment taken at t=0.句中“that follow”是“all”定语从句，指是相量从角度为零地方开始逆时针旋转后，随即那些相量。译文：在这里相量图和其后相量图能够被认为是有向线段在t=0时刻按逆时针方向旋转快照。第39页