外研版高考英语一轮复习语法专题13正反解读特殊句式市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

第1页专题专题1313正反解读特殊句式正反解读特殊句式专题专题13 13 正反解读特殊句式正反解读特殊句式第2页专题专题1313 高考链接高考链接高考链接1 1上海卷上海卷 It doesnt matter if they want to It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party,come to your party,？A Adoesnt it doesnt it B Bdoes itdoes itC Cdont they dont they D Ddo theydo they 解析解析 B考考查查反意疑反意疑问问句。句意：他句。句意：他们们是否想来参加你是否想来参加你聚会无关聚会无关紧紧要，是不是？要，是不是？对对“It doesnt matter if从句从句”句型句型进进行反意疑行反意疑问问，需要，需要针对针对主句主句进进行，故行，故选选B。第3页2重庆卷 I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，_？Acould he Bdidnt ICdidnt you Dcould they解析 B考查反意疑问句。当陈说部分是一个带有宾语从句主从结构时，疑问部分主语通常与主句主语保持一致，故选择B项。专题专题1313 高考链接高考链接第4页3四川卷 Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?Awhere Bthat Cwhich Dwhat解析 B考查强调句。此处强调是句子地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句普通疑问句句型：Was it 被强调部分 that 句子？句意：他是不是在小船淹没一个月后在一座孤岛上被营救？专题专题1313 高考链接高考链接第5页4福建卷 Its nice.Never before such a special drink!Im glad you like it.AI have had BI hadChave I had Dhad I解析 C考查倒装句。never位于句首，该句应用倒装结构，又由语境可知该句应使用现在完成时。专题专题1313 高考链接高考链接第6页5重庆卷 Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?Of course,I have.It was in our village _it was made.Athat BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析 A考查强调句型。套用强调句型“It is/wasthat”可知A项正确，此处强调是地点状语in our village。专题专题1313 高考链接高考链接第7页专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 考点归纳 考点一倒装句考点一倒装句倒装有两种形式：一是句子中谓语动词全部置于主语之前，倒装有两种形式：一是句子中谓语动词全部置于主语之前，进行完全倒装；二是只将助动词、情态动词等提前到主语前面，进行完全倒装；二是只将助动词、情态动词等提前到主语前面，进行部分倒装。进行部分倒装。1 1完全倒装使用规则完全倒装使用规则组成：将谓语动词直接提到主语前。组成：将谓语动词直接提到主语前。第8页规则1：地点副词或方位副词here,there,out,in,up,down,away,off等放在句首，而主语是名词时，句子则完全倒装。不过，当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。如：Out rushed the children.Away he went.规则2：地点状语位于句首时，为了防止头重脚轻，常将谓语置于主语之前，进行完全倒装。如：South of the river lies a small factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第9页规则3：such,then,now,thus,the following 位于句首，谓语动词多为come,follow,begin,end,be时用完全倒装。如：Such are the facts.The following is the answer to the question.Now comes your turn.规则4：there be句型中，用完全倒装。此时，结构中be可用lie/exist/stand/live/seem 等动词替换。如：There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第10页规则5：有时为了突出或强调，可用“表语系动词主语”完全倒装结构。如：Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.Seated on the ground are a group of young men.规则6：在“sothat”和“suchthat”结构中，将“soadj./adv.”和“suchn.”提到句首时主句部分用完全倒装。如：So terrible was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off.Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第11页2部分倒装使用规则组成：将情态动词、助动词、be动词提到主语前。规则1：含有否定意义副词或短语放在句首时。如：few,little,never,not,no,not until,nowhere,rarely,seldom,hardly/scarcelywhen/before,no soonerthan，not onlybut(also),at no time,by no means等。如：专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第12页He is active in personality,and seldom does he stay indoors.Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.(注意谓语动词形式)Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(将until后面全部内容提前)专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第13页规则2：so/as/neither/nor 为标志词放在句首。如：(1)表示前面所说必定情况也适合于另一人或物。so/asbe/助动词/情态动词主语。如：Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.So have I.(2)表示前面所说否定情况也适合于另一人或物。neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。如：If she doesnt agree to the plan,neither will Tom.(3)当前面现有必定又有否定或两个谓语时用so it is/was with sb.，也能够用so it is /was the same with sb.。如：He is a student and he doesnt go to school by bus.So it is with her.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第14页规则3：only修饰状语(从句)，并置于句首时，后面部分要部分倒装。如：Only if he has time will he come here.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.规则4：在虚拟条件句中，从句谓语有助动词were,had,should时，可将if省略，而把were,had,should 移到句首，即Had/Were/Should主语谓语其它部分主句。如：Were he(If he were)here now,I could ask him.Should he(If he should)come,tell him to ring me up.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第15页规则5：as或though引导让步状语从句引发倒装。句型是：表语/状语/动词原形as/though主语其它。如：Boy as he is,he knows a lot.(名词前不用冠词)Much as I like it,I will not buy it.Try as he might，he could not find a job.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第16页 考点二省略句在英语中，有时为了防止结构上或内容上重复，并使上下文紧密连接，有时因为语法客观要求，句子中一个或几个成份不需要表示出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义准确无误。省略有词法上省略，也有句法上省略，还有一个替换省略。省略部分成份和含义可从上下文或详细语言环境中找到而且是有章可循，英语省略大致有以下几个情况：专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第17页规则1：在一些特定环境中，因为语言所指清楚，为了防止重复，常将谓语动词省略，留下主语和其它成份；假如谓语部分全部省略，而只留下主语时，主语用宾格形式。如：Jack would go to the Expo next week.Me,too.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第18页规则2：动词不定式在like,love,care,want,hope,wish,expect,prefer,refuse,decide,mean,intend,try,promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了防止重复，经常省略不定式后内容，但要保留不定式符号to。如：Did you get a ticket?No,I meant to(get one),but there werent any left.【温馨提醒】假如不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have或have been。Are you a sailor?No，but I used to be.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第19页规则3：动词不定式与 be able to,be going to,have to,ought to,used to等组成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留to。如：I dont want to wait for him,but I have to.规则4:Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答语，后面so与not分别表示必定和否定，宾语从句可省略。如：Do you think it will rain?I hope not.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第20页规则5：当状语从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语为it且从句中有be动词时，能够省略状语从句中主语和be动词。如：When(she was)asked,she made no answer.As(he was)a young man,he studied law and became a lawyer.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第21页 考点三反意疑问句规则1：当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用neednt；当含有mustnt(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must；当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分动词形式依据must后面动词形式确定。如：You must go now,neednt you?你现在必须走，是不是？You mustnt smoke here,must you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？You must have watched that football match last night,didnt you?你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧？专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第22页规则2：陈说部分含有used to时，疑问部分用usednt或didnt均可。如：You used to play football,usednt/didnt you?你过去经常踢足球，是吗？规则3：陈说部分含有ought to时，其反意疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。如：He ought to attend the meeting,oughtnt/shouldnt he?他应该参加会议，是不是？专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第23页规则4：当陈说部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用必定形式。如：He could hardly get up,could he?他几乎起不来了，是不是？规则5：陈说部分含有表示“否定”意义前缀或后缀组成词，疑问部分普通用否定式。如：Mary dislikes sports,doesnt she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第24页规则6：当陈说部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分主语应和主句主语保持一致。但当主句是：I think，I believe,I suppose,I expect,I imagine等结构时，疑问部分主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句主语和谓语保持一致。如：He said that he would come here on time,didnt he?I dont think he will come here on time,will he?专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第25页规则7：祈使句后加附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一个语气。其结构为：(1)否定祈使句，will you?如：Dont open the door,will you?(2)必定祈使句，will/wont you?如：Open the door,will/wont you?(3)Lets，shall we?如：Lets go out for a walk,shall we?(4)Let us，will you？如：Let us go out to play football,will you?专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第26页 考点四强调句强调句基本句型是“It is/was被强调部分that/who其它”。被强调部分能够是主语、宾语和状语等。规则1：要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且不能省略。被强调是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。如：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.昨天我是在火车站见到李明。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她吗？专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第27页【温馨提醒】当被强调是主语时，代词要用主格形式。It was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出这个理论。规则2：强调主语时，要注意引导词与其谓语一致性。如：It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我们老师帮助我们取得了很大进步。专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第28页规则3：对notuntil时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not untilthat其它。如：It was not until twelve oclock last night that I went to bed.昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。规则4：强调句特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who其它。如：When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么时候决定选修这门课程？Why is it that he doesnt like the book?他为何不喜欢这本书？专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第29页规则5：强调句型与It is/was时间when从句不能混同。如：It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.(强调句型)昨天晚上我午夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.(时间状语从句)昨天当我抵达这儿时，已是午夜了。专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 第30页专题专题1313 反面解读反面解读反面解读1【误】【误】Did he begin to learn English only when he was 30 years old.【正】【正】He began to learn English only when he was 30 years old./Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English.解析解析 当当only和所修和所修饰饰状状语语位于句首位于句首时时引引发发部分倒装，假部分倒装，假如不在句首如不在句首时时，则则不倒装。另外，当不倒装。另外，当only用于修用于修饰饰主主语时语时，也，也不倒装。如：不倒装。如：Only the grownups are allowed to see the film.第31页2【误】Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions.【正】Not only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions.解析 not onlybut(also)部分倒装，其结构为：not only倒装语序，but also陈说语序。另外，当not onlybut also位于句首连接两个并列主语时，主谓也不倒装。如：Not only she but also I will get married next year.专题专题1313 反面解读反面解读第32页3【误】I seldom watch TV,but listen to the radio a lot.So do I.【正】I seldom watch TV,but listen to the radio a lot.So it is with me.解析 若前句为两个或两个以上分句，后句表示另外一个主语与前句相关各种情况相同时，往往用：“so it is/was with主语”或者是“it is/was the same with主语”。专题专题1313 反面解读反面解读第33页4【误】A child as/though he is,he is very brave.【正】Child as/though he is,he is very brave.解析 由as/though引导表示“即使，尽管”让步状语从句用倒装语序，把从句表语或状语等放在as/though前面，不过假如从句中表语是名词，该名词前不加任何冠词。专题专题1313 反面解读反面解读第34页5【误】Are you and Jane getting married?We hope.【正】Are you and Jane getting married?We hope to.解析 动词不定式在like,love,care,want,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,decide,mean,intend,try,promise等动词后作宾语时，为了防止重复，经常省略不定式后内容，但要保留不定式符号to。专题专题1313 反面解读反面解读第35页