M语法市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

Grammar and usage第1页非谓语动词非谓语动词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词分分 词词-ing-ing 形式形式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词第2页 一、一、动词动词 ing 形式形式概念概念 动词动词 ing 形式包含两种形式包含两种:现在分词现在分词 含有含有形容词和副词形容词和副词特征特征 可作可作定语、状语、表语、定语、状语、表语、宾宾补补 动名词动名词 含有含有名词名词特征特征 可作可作主语，宾语，表语主语，宾语，表语，定语，定语等。等。第3页There are many sleeping students in class.（表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）Feeling the lesson is boring,the students are sleepy.The students feel the lesson boring.The lesson is boring.（宾补）（宾补）（状语）（状语）第4页 语态类别 时 态 vt.主动语态被动语态现在现在分词分词V-ing 普通式(与谓语动词同时发生)完成式完成式(先与谓语动词先与谓语动词之前之前发生发生)二、时态和语态二、时态和语态doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done第5页1.He hurried home,looking behind as he went.2.Having finished their work,they had a rest.3.The large building being built is a library.4.Having been shown the lab,we were taken to see the library.（普通式）（普通式）（完成式）（完成式）（被动语态）（被动语态）（被动完成式）（被动完成式）时态和语态时态和语态：第6页2.The man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang.1.a running man三、现在分词语法功效三、现在分词语法功效1:Attribute(定语定语)=The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.第7页小小 结结:1.V-ing形式作定语可表示形式作定语可表示主语所主语所作作动作正在进行动作正在进行或表示和所修饰词或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系。之间有逻辑主动关系。2.单个单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词普通置于词作定语修饰名词普通置于名词之前名词之前3.V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后词组修饰名词则置于名词之后此时相当于一个定语从句此时相当于一个定语从句第8页The people sitting behind us are teachers.=The people who are sitting behind us are teachers.Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.第9页Your journey in Kenya is really exciting.What you did was disappointing.The nightmare I had last night was very frightening.小结：小结：现在分词作表语通常表示主语属性和特征现在分词作表语通常表示主语属性和特征,相当于相当于形容词形容词,含有含有“令人令人.,其主语通常是物其主语通常是物.2:Predicative（表语）（表语）第10页 I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.3.Object Complement（宾补）（宾补）:The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.小结小结：常见常见两类两类接现在分词作宾补接现在分词作宾补动词：动词：感官动词：感官动词：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe notice,look at,listen to等。等。使役动词使役动词have,keep,get,leave,make等。等。第11页特殊两个区分：特殊两个区分：1).现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补区分。现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补区分。现在分词：动作正在现在分词：动作正在进行。进行。不定式：不定式：动作动作全过程全过程。试比较：试比较：1.I heard her singing a song just now.(正在进行动作正在进行动作)2.I heard her sing a song just now.(听见全过程听见全过程)第12页1.Sixty million people _(live)in rural areas are moving to the cities every year.2.The bottle _(contain)the poison was sent to the laboratory.3.Our trip was _(disappoint).We did not find any unusual plants.PracticelivingcontainingFill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.disappointing第13页4.I saw them _(force)the door open with a hammer.5.The news was _(shock).All the three boats had sunk in the storm.forcingshocking第14页4.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语1).作时间状语作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句相当于时间状语从句(常同连词常同连词when,after,while,once,until等连用等连用)注：注：当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，能够和当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，能够和when,after when,after 等引导时间状语从句交换等引导时间状语从句交换Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.=When they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.Having received his letter,I decided to write back.=After I had received his letter,I decided to write back.第15页2).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being a student,I must work hard.Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.=Because/As/Since he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.=Because I am a student,I must work hard.第16页3.作条件状语作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句相当于条件状语从句Working hard,you will succeed.=If you work hard,you will succeed.Putting more salt into the soup,you will find it more delicious.=If you put more salt into the soup,you will find it more delicious.当现在分词用来表示条件时，能够和当现在分词用来表示条件时，能够和ifif引导引导条件状语从句交换条件状语从句交换第17页 4.作伴随状语作伴随状语,相当于并列句相当于并列句They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.=They sang and laughed and they came into the classroom.第18页The students came in,_(follow)their teacher.My cousin came to see me from the country,_(bring)me a full basket of fresh fruits.following bringing第19页The factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty.The factory keeps releasing smoke,（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）which makes the air dirty5.作结果状语作结果状语The factory keeps releasing smoke._ the air is made dirty.As a result,当现在分词短语用来表结果时，能够和当现在分词短语用来表结果时，能够和as a result as a result 引导结果状语从句交换。引导结果状语从句交换。也相当于也相当于whichwhich引导一个非限制性定语从句引导一个非限制性定语从句第20页例：例：She does exercise for an hour every day,causing her to keep a slim figure.She does exercise for an hour every day,_her to keep a slim figure.She does exercise for an hour every day。_,she keeps a slim figure.which causesAs a result第21页-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与句末，常与even if,though 连用。如：连用。如：6.作让步状语作让步状语=Although his father worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.即使他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，不过他还即使他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，不过他还是挣不到足够吃。是挣不到足够吃。Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.第22页注意注意:V-ing形式否定形式否定not要置于要置于V-ing之前。之前。分词作状语时，其分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句主逻辑主语同主句主 语一致且有逻辑主动关系语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换，往往可转换 为为对应状语从句对应状语从句。第23页1.a.Hearing the news,tears ran down her face.b.Hearing the news,she cried out sadly.2.a.Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.b.Entering the classroom,nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.第24页3.a.Looking out through the window,the garden was beautiful.b.Looking out through the window,we saw a beautiful garden.4.a.Reading the evening newspaper,a dog started barking.b.I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.第25页现在分词做独立成份：现在分词做独立成份：有些分词能够独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上主语，有些分词能够独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上主语，作为习惯使用方法。这些短语有：作为习惯使用方法。这些短语有：generally/frankly speaking 普通来说普通来说/坦白来说坦白来说 judging from/by 由由.来判断来判断taking all things into consideration从各方面来说从各方面来说eg:Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys.Judging from his accent,he is a new comer.第26页被用作介词或连词分词被用作介词或连词分词：supposing providing/provided given 假假设设,假如假如,构想构想 considering认为认为 concerning/regarding 关于关于according to 按照按照 talking of 谈谈到到 speaking of 说说到到 Supposing he wont pass the exam,what should he do?According to his report,the situation is getting serious.第27页1.Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus _ the delay.A.to cause B.causing C.caused D.cause2.I was in the bathroom,not _ the knock at the door.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heardExercise第28页3.After seeing the movie,_.A.the book was read by him B.the book made him want to read itC.he wanted to read the book D.the reading of the book interested him第29页4.The next morning she found the man in bed,_ dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying5.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed第30页6.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing第31页7.“Cant you read?”Mary said_ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing第32页8._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received第33页9.The car burns more fuel,but _all things into consideration,it is still a good car.A.taken B.having taken C.taking D.to takeC第34页