Unit1HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguage省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Unit 1 How to Be a Successful Language LearnerInformation related to the TextTextLanguage PointsSummaryExercises第1页Learning to Think All Over Againn n When you were a child,you didnt know what a tree was at first.Somebody had to tell you.Probably your parents took you outside,pointed to a tree and said,“Tree.”You had to learn to associate the sound of the word“tree”with the big green leafy thing you saw in front of you.第2页Learning to Think All Over Againn nThats what you must learn to do again when you are learning a foreign language.You need to learn associate sounds objects,and to think in a new way.Only this time,since you are grown up,you will be able to understand what needs to be done much faster.Youll know why somebody is pointing to a tree and saying a strange word.But youll still have to learn the new word.You may even have to relearn it many times before you finally actually learn it.第3页Learning to Think All Over Againn nThere is an important idea here.In America our name for that big green leafy thins is“tree”,but in Germany the name for that thing is“Baum”.In Arab countries the name is“shajra”.And in China they say“shu”.These various words are not themselves“trees”.They are just some of the many hundreds of different sounds used in the world to represent that great big green leafy thing.第4页Learning to Think All Over Againn nTo learn a foreign language you must get away from the idea of translating words.Translating takes too much time and mental energy.You will never learn to really speak and understand a foreign language if you have to translate everything.Instead,learn to associate the new sound directly with the image in your mind.So when we hear the sound“Baum”or“shajra”or“shu”,we dont want to think,“Hmmmm.Baum means tree,which means that great big green leafy thing.”第5页Learning to Think All Over Againn nDont think that the challenge of new thinking will be limited only to the area of new words;it is going to go much deeper than that.Lets use an analogy:you can build a house using materials of very different sizes and shapes.English uses one set of building blocks,but other languages will use different-shaped building blocks that take some creativity to put together at first.Where we use two blocks,they may use three smaller ones-or maybe one large one.第6页Learning to Think All Over Againn nHeres an example of an English sentence:we have to buy a few books before going home.When translating into almost any foreign language,you will not take each English word and substitute a foreign word for it.You will instead be substituting groups of words or ideas from one language to the other.How each language will choose to group the ideas depends on the language.In French or Spanish,for example,we have to buy is broken down into three words:we/have to/buy.In Turkish,however,the Turks are able to reduce all these four words to only one.第7页Learning to Think All Over Againn nSo learn to start thinking in terms of bundles of concepts or ideas that will be converted to new language and not single words.Try to think in a foreign language.This isnt all that hard.You learn to think in the language simply by using the language over and over again,asking and answering simple questions until you feel comfortable with the process.Then you add some new words,and a few more new situations,and practice using them together with all the words you learned in previous lessons.Bit by bit you build up skill.第8页Learning to Think All Over Againn nOnce you really get into the language,youll understand all this a good deal better.Somebody will be saying something quite fast and youll suddenly realize that you understand it all!Its great moment.Really satisfying.You probably wouldnt be able to repeat the words,or even know how it was that you understood it all.But its a sign that the language is starting to sink into your mind.Youre beginning to understand without translating.第9页Information Related to the Textn nIt has always been assumed that in a foreign language learning situation,learners,especially beginners,rely extensively on their native language.They tend to transfer word order and meanings of their native language to the foreign language through word-by-word translation.This process takes a lot of time and mental energy.Moreover,it may lead to many errors caused by cross-linguistic differences.第10页Language Pointsn n1.process n.n ne.g.Graying hair is part of the aging process.n n2.point v.n ne.g.Its not polite to point at someone.n n3.associate v.associate with n ne.g.Most people associate this brand with bad quality.n nassociate(adj)professorn n4.various adj.:all kinds of n ne.g.various ways of cooking an egg.第11页n n5.represent v.n ne.g.The red roses represent passion and love.n n6.instead adv.n ne.g.Alice never studies.Instead,she plays computer all day.n n7.image n.n ne.g.We must not do anything that would harm our image.n n8.analogy n.n ne.g.draw an analogy between and n nPeople often draw an analogy between the brain and a computer.第12页n n9.substitute v./n.n ne.g.The young teacher had to substitute(v.)for her sick colleague.n ne.g.There is no substitute for good eating and exercise if you want to keep fit.n n10.previousn ne.g.He has two daughters from a previous marriage.n n11.get away fromn ne.g.they wanted to get away from the busy timetables of the past.n ne.g.I ate the meal inside the tent to get away from the wind.第13页n n12.depend onn ne.g.Her family depends on her salary from that job.(rely on)n ne.g.The success of the meeting depends on whether the chairman is efficient.n n13.break down inton ne.g.I broke my expenses down into food,housing,travel and personal costs.n n14.in terms ofn ne.g.In terms of money,I was better off in my last job than the present one.第14页n n15.build upn ne.g.It took her ten years to build up her business.n n16.get inton ne.g.These days I am really getting into jazz.n n17.a good dealn ne.g.We still need a good deal more money to buy this car.n n18.sink in(to)n ne.g.The rain sank into the dry ground.(be absorbed)n ne.g.It took a long time for the terrible news to sink in.(become clear in the mind)第15页Summaryn nThere are three key points in this text:There are three key points in this text:n n1.You can never really learn to speak a foreign 1.You can never really learn to speak a foreign language,or understand it when it is spoken,language,or understand it when it is spoken,unless you can learn to think in the language.unless you can learn to think in the language.n n2.Learning to think in a new language means 2.Learning to think in a new language means learning to associate a new sound with the idea or learning to associate a new sound with the idea or image of what is means.You practice to the point image of what is means.You practice to the point where the new sound takes on meaning for you.where the new sound takes on meaning for you.n n3.Avoid translating,that is,mentally putting 3.Avoid translating,that is,mentally putting everything you read or hear into your native everything you read or hear into your native language.Your goal is to understand without language.Your goal is to understand without translating.translating.第16页Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a word you have learned.1.To lose weight,Katie()some low-fat food for high-fat foods in her diet.2.Out science teacher drew a(n)()between the way water moves and the way light travels in waves.3.In a dictionary,the word“noun”is often()by the letter“n”.4.It is interesting that different styles of dress can be()with different types of music.第17页n n5.AIDS is the biggest health()we have had to face this century.n n6.Coal can easily be()to gas.n n7.Although people often say this is beautiful or that is beautiful,it is not easy to define the()of beauty.n n8.The famous TV producer successfully()the history of space travel to a 2-hour show.n n9.I have a(n)()in my mind of how I want my room to be.第18页n n10.Jack carried()of old clothes and magazines to the garage sale.n n11.These are all beautiful photos.Its really hard for me to()the best one.n n12.When asked where his mother was,the little boy()to the kitchen.n n13.John didnt marry Mary in the end.He married Julie().n n14.The best thing about traveling is that you can meet different people and learn about()customs.第19页Rewrite the following sentences by replacing the italicized part with a phrase chosen from the boxGet intobreak intoput together get away fromDepend ona good dealover and over again第20页n n1.Home should be a place where people can be safe from fear and danger.n nHome should be a place where people can get away from fear and danger.n n2.Professor Valentine made a reading list and asked her students to read all the articles on the list.n nProfessor Valentine put together a reading list and asked her students to read all the articles on the list.n n3.Jennifer is becoming very interested in fashion design.n nJennifer is getting into fashion design.第21页n n4.A difficult task is far easier to finish if it is separated into smaller,easier pieces.n nA difficult task is far easier to finish if it is broken down into smaller,easier pieces.n n5.After taking the medicine,the patient felt much better.n nAfter taking the medicine,the patient felt a good deal better.n n6.For many times I told Steve to give up smoking,but he never listened to me.n nOver and over again I told Steve to give up smoking,but he never listened to me.第22页n n7.Whether he can be hired or not will be decided by the job interview.n nWhether he can be hired or not will depend on the job interview.第23页Translating the following sentences into Englishn n1.这个小男孩最喜欢做事就是搭积木。n nWhat the boy likes to do most is putting together building blocks.n n2.就先前工作经验而言,约翰是这个职位最正确候选人。n nIn terms of previous working experience,John is the best choice for this position.第24页n n3.我物理老师经常使用类比来说明一些较难了解概念。n nMy physics teacher often uses analogy to explain some difficult concepts.n n4.在家人和朋友帮助下，经营出版企业逐步兴旺起来。n nWith the help of his family and friends,Tom built up his publishing business bit by bit.第25页n n5.LINDA没能进入那所著名大学，但她打算从新开始，而不是逃避挑战。n nLinda was not able to go to that famous college,but she planed to start all over again instead of giving up the challenge.n n6.这个企业有着很好公众形象。人们总是将它产品与高质量和优质服务联络在一起。n nThis company has a very good public image,people always associate its products with high quality and good service.第26页