定语从句的基本用法市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

第1页（一）定语从句基本使用方（一）定语从句基本使用方法法u在复合句中，修饰名词或代词从句叫做定语从句u被修饰词叫先行词；u定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。u关系代词：1.先行词是人 who,whom,who,whom,whose,that.whose,that.2.先行词是物 which,which,whose,whose,that.that.u关系副词（从句中做状语）：1.先行词是时间 when.when.2.先行词是地点 wherewhere.3.先行词是原因 why.why.例句例句1：uThe man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher.1.先行词先行词 man（即从句修（即从句修饰名词或代词）饰名词或代词）;2.关系代词关系代词 who/that（修饰人）。（修饰人）。例句例句2：uThis is the town where I was born.1.先行词先行词 town（即从句（即从句修饰名词）；修饰名词）；2.关系副词关系副词 where（修饰（修饰地点，从句中状语地点，从句中状语）。）。第2页（二）由关系代词引导定语从句引导词引导词：who whom whose that which1.The boy who/that is standing over there is my brother.The boy is my brother.The boy is standing over there.2.The woman(whom/that)you saw in my room is my mother.The woman is my mother.You saw the woman in my room.第3页3.The letter is from my family.I received the letter yesterday.The letter(which/that）I received yesterday is from my family.4.This is Tom.Toms mother is our English teacher.This is Tom whose mother is our English teacher.第4页（三）由关系副词引导定语从句引导词引导词:when where why 1.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.先行词先行词“the day”在从句中做状语在从句中做状语,表示时间表示时间:I first came to Beijing on the day.(所以用关所以用关系副词系副词when。)比较比较：I still remember the day(_)we spend together.先行词先行词“the day”在从句中做在从句中做spend宾语：宾语：We spend the day together.（所以在该句中（所以在该句中用关系代词用关系代词which/that，而且可省略。），而且可省略。）第5页2.This is the place _ we worked last year.先行词“the place”在从句中做状语，表示地点：We worked in the place last year.(所以用关系副词where。)比较：比较：This is the place(_)we visited last year.先行词“the place”在从句中做visited宾语：We visited the place last year.(所以用关系代词which/that,而且可省略。)u 先行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词；先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。第6页3.That is the reason(_)he dislikes me.That is(the reason)why he dislikes me.先行词先行词“the reason”表示原因，用关系副词表示原因，用关系副词why.该句中可省略先行词，或省略关系副词。该句中可省略先行词，或省略关系副词。u关系代词关系代词：1.1.先行词是先行词是人人 2.2.先行词是先行词是物物 u关系副词：关系副词：1.1.先行词是先行词是时间时间 2.2.先行词是先行词是地点地点 3.3.先行词是先行词是原因原因 第7页（四）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句（四）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句n n定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句；非限定性定语从句惯用逗号与主句隔开；关系词使用方法基本相同。n n限定性定语从句与先行词关系亲密，对它有限制作用，假如去掉，句意表示不清；n n非限定性定语从句只对主句起补充或说明作用；从句部分去掉后，句意完整，表示清楚。1.He is my brother,who is a doctor.我有一个弟兄，他是医生。（只有一个弟兄）2.He is my brother who is a doctor.我有一个当医生弟兄。（最少有两个以上）第8页u以下情况必须用以下情况必须用“that”,不能用不能用“which”:1.先行词先行词是all,little,few。Is this all that is left?(就剩下这一个了吗？就剩下这一个了吗？)2.先行词先行词anything,everything,nothing。Have you got anything that belongs to me?(你那有我什么东西吗？你那有我什么东西吗？)3.先行词由先行词由none,much,only 修饰。修饰。The only thing that is important is to find our way home.(唯一主要事是要找到回家路。唯一主要事是要找到回家路。)（五）使用关系词应注意问题（五）使用关系词应注意问题第9页4.先行词由序数词或最高级修饰。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen.(这是我看过最好电影。)5.“time”做先行词表示“次”。This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.(这是我第一次去北京。)u“that”“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句不能用于非限定性定语从句 l在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用“which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。This is Johns book,which is very interesting.(这是约翰书，这本书很有趣。)I like to talk with Tom,who is my old friend.(我喜欢同汤姆交谈，他是我老朋友。)第10页 Practice(练习练习)1.The beautiful card is from my friend _ lives in Australia.这张漂亮明信片是澳大利亚这张漂亮明信片是澳大利亚朋友寄给我。朋友寄给我。2.I borrowed the bike from Tom _ father is a teacher.我从父亲是教师汤姆那借我从父亲是教师汤姆那借自行车。自行车。第11页4.We live on the earth,_ is much bigger than the moon.(非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句)我们住在地球上我们住在地球上,地球比月亮大多了。地球比月亮大多了。(“the earth”在从句中做主语在从句中做主语)3.This is the earth _ we live.这就是我们居住地球。这就是我们居住地球。(“the earth”在从句中做状语在从句中做状语)5.I still remember the day _ Mary made a chocolate cake.我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕那一我一直记得玛丽做巧克力蛋糕那一天。天。(“the day”在从句中做状语在从句中做状语)第12页第13页