Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected重点知识归纳.doc

Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. 重点知识归纳解析
重点单词：

1. miss v. 错过，未得到；
2. unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；[来源:学.科.网]
3. block n. 街区
4. worker n. 工作者
5. stare v. 盯着看，凝视
6. disbelief n. 不信，怀疑
7. above adv. 在上面
8. burn v. 着火；燃烧；
9.alive adj. 活着的；有生气的；
10. airport n. 飞机场
11. till conj. Prep. 直到
12. west adv. 向西
13. cream n. 奶油，乳脂；
14.pie n. 果馅饼；
15. bean n. 豆荚；
16. market n. 集市；
17.fool n, 蠢人，傻瓜；v.愚弄；
18.costume n. 服装，装束；
19. embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；害羞的；
20.annoounce v. 宣布
21. spaghetti n. 意大利面条
22. hoax n. 骗局；恶作剧
23. discovery n. 发现，发觉;
24. lady n. 女士
25. cancel v. 取消，终止；
26. officer n. 军官
27. believable adj. 可相信的，可信任的；
28. disappear v. 消失；不见；
29. embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的。
30.backpack n. 背包，旅行包；
31. oversleep v. 睡过头；

重点词组

1. take a shower洗浴
2. leave my backpack at home
把背包忘在家里
3. get back to school返回学校
4. start teaching开始教学
5. go off响铃
6. rush out the door冲出房门
7. give sb a lift捎某人一程
8. miss both events错过两个事件
9. full of unexpected充满着不可预知性
10. be about to do sth正要做某事
11. stare in disbelief at难以置信地盯着.
12. raise above the burning building
从正在燃烧的楼上升起
13. jump out of bed跳下床
14. collect the math homework收数学作业
15. complete the work for my boss
完成老板的工作
16. make the apple pie制作苹果馅饼
17. show up赶到,出现
18. add the green beans加绿豆荚
19. get dressed紧张
20. hand in homework 上交作业
21. costume party化装舞会
22. take place发生
23. play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other相互开各种玩笑
24. sell out卖完，售完 [来源:学科网]
25. lose weight减肥
26. by the end of that day到那天结束时
27. end up以…结束
28. get married结婚
29. have a happy ending有一个幸福的结局
30. fear spread across the whole country
恐惧席卷整个国家
31. the unluckiest day of my life
一生中最不幸的一天
32. head west 向西行驶
33. in the middle of the road在路中间
34. turn around 调头 [来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]
35. make an unexpected discovery
作一个出乎意料的发现
36. cancel the plan取消计划

重点句式
1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
当我起床时，我哥哥已经进了浴室了。
2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already gone. 当我出来时，公汽已经走了。
3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.
当我到达学校时，我才意识到我把背包忘在家里了。
4. By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already.当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。
5. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up.
当我到达晚会时， 其他的每个人都已经到了。
6. When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans.
当他把面条放进碗里时，他意识到他忘了添加绿豆荚了。
7. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.
在她得到一个向他告别的机会之前，他已经进入楼房了。
Section A（1a ~ 2d）
a. 词汇包： by the time 到……时候
by the time作连词引导时间状语从句，当从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时；当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时或将来完成时。
By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself. 等到了十岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。
I’ll be in bed by the time you get home. 你到家时，我已经上床睡觉了。
—By the time I was five, I ____English. —Really?
A. had started learning B. have started learning C. started to learn D. started learning
【解析】by the time所引导的从句是一般过去时，其主句要用过去完成时。正确答案是A。
b. 句式包：
1.By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.当我出来的时候，公共汽车已经走了。
本句是by the time引导的时间状语从句，从句是I got up，是一般过去时。主句the bus had already left是过去完成时。过去完成时表示在过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。它表示的动作所发生的时间是“过去的过去”，常用“助动词had+过去分词”构成。常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by(the end of)+过去的时间，for+段时间，since+点时间，when引导的时间状语从句(从句中谓语动词用过去时)等。
By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals and we had kicked four.
到比赛结束时，他们已踢进两个球，我们进了四个球。”
By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom. 在她起床之前她的弟弟已经进了盥洗室。
【横向辐射】过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。
When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.当我到达电影院时，电影已演了五分钟了。
(got是一个过去的“时间点”，电影“开始”在我“到达”之前，是“过去的过去”。因为for five minutes为延续一段的时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构be on的过去完成时形式。）
【温馨提示】过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它，因此当原句中若找不到一个“过去的时间”作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。
【例句】
He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.
他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。
（“忘记”这一动作在“意识到”这一动作之前。）
【课堂变式】
1.—Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday?—Because I ____it before.
A. had watched B. have seen C. have watched D. had seen
【解析】“看电影”要用动词see，所以可先排除Ａ和Ｃ。再由yesterday可知答话者在昨天之前就已看过这部电影，即“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时。正确答案是D。
2.By the end of last year, we ____ about 2000 English words.
A. were learning B. have learnt C. learnt D. had learnt
【解析】由时间状语By the end of last year可知应用过去完成时，即“had+过去分词”。正确答案是D。
3.Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything ____.
A. is changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed
2.When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home. 当她到学校时，她意识到她把背包忘在家里了。表示“把某物忘在某处”要用词组leave sth in a place。
【备课例句】
I've left my umbrella at home.我把伞忘在家里了。
I left my book on the desk. 我把书忘在桌子上。
【横向辐射】forget
forget意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。
【例句】I forgot my umbrella yesterday .我昨天忘了带伞。
Don't forget the cases. 别忘了带箱子。
【课堂变式】
—Boys and girls! Please ____ your compositions after class. —Oh, my God! I ___ it at home.
A. hand in, forgot B. hand in, left C. hand out, forgot D. hand out, left
【解析】hand in意为“上交”，hand out意为“分发”。可先排除C和D。forget意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。leave意为“遗忘某物在某处”，后应接具体的地点。由此根据at home确定正确答案是B。
Section A（3a ~ 3c）
a. 词汇包：
1. above adv. 在上面
above的用法
一、作介词
1. 在...上面
The moon is now above the trees.月亮正位于树梢上。
2. 在...之上,超过
They are children above six years old.他们是六岁以上的孩子。
3. 高于;优于;胜过
In the company, Dick ranks above Tom.在公司里,迪克的地位比汤姆高。
4. 不屑于;不致于
He considered himself above doing such things.他自认为是不会去做那种事的。
二、作副词
1. 在上面;向上面
There are snowy peaks above.上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。
2. (级别、数目等)更高;更大;更多
Men and women of eighteen and above are eligible to vote.
年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权。
3. 在上文
See the examples given above.见上述例子。
三、作名词
1. 上文;上述事实In addition to all of the above, she won a Prize in 1980.除上述外,她还在1980年获奖。
【备课例句】The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。
【横向辐射】above，on, over的用法
1. above的意思是“在…之上”，“高于…”，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反义词是below.
例：The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。
2. over的意思是“在…之上”，表示在垂直之上，其反义词是under.
例：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。
　　There is a boat under the bridge. 桥下有一只船。
3.on的意思是“在…上面”，表示与表面接触。
例： He put the book on the desk.他把书放在课桌上。
【课堂变式】
Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays zero.
A. up B. down C. above D. below
【解析】本题考查介词词义辨析。up在……的上面；down在……的下面；above在上面；below在下面。句意为“这儿冬天很少看到冰，因为气温正常在零度以上。stay above zero在零度以上。故选C。
2. alive adj. 活着的；有生气的；
alive, living 与live
1. alive 主要用作表语（有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语），可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。
注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：
He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。
2. living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：
Are your grandparents still living？ 你的祖父母还健在吗？
alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：谁是当代最伟大的诗人？
正：Who is the greatest living poet？
正：Who is the greatest poet alive？
若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。如：He was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。
3. live 通常只用作定语（前置），可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：
He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。
Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着
【课堂变式】
Don’t be too sad, we should feel lucky to be _____ (live).
【解析】考查形容词，由句意可知。我们应当感到幸运我们活着，be alive表示活着的状态。故填alive
Section A（Grammar focus ~ 4c）
a. 词汇包：
1. empty (adj.)空的；空闲的(v.) 排空；倒出
1.作形容词，常用表语或定语，此时其反义词是full。
【备课例句】
He took his empty coffee cup back to the counter. 他把空咖啡杯送回到柜台。
We walked in the empty street. 我们走在空旷的街上。
2.作动词，后常接宾语，此时其反义词是fill。
【备课例句】
He emptied his tool bag. 他腾出自己的工具袋。
She emptied the box. 她倒空了箱子。
【课堂变式】
The dustbins won’t ____ because they are ____ now.
A. empty; empty B. be emptied; empty C. emptied; emptied D. empty; be emptied
【解析】前一空empty是动词，用被动语态。后一空empty是形容词。正确答案是B。
2. show up 出席；露面
【备课例句】Why didn't you show up at the meeting yesterday? 昨天的会你怎么没来参加？
【横向辐射】
1.show sb around意为“带某人参观”。
【例句】
Would you like me to show you around? 让我带你转转好吗？
Before you start work I'll show you around the office. 你开始工作前，我将带你参观一下办公室。
2.show off意为“炫耀”。
【例句】
The children always like to show off when we have guests. 有客人的时候孩子们总喜欢表现自己。
He wrote in that style just to show off. 这种文体写文章，完全是为了卖弄文采。
【课堂变式】
—It is said that Jay Chou sang his latest song in the concert.
—That’s impossible. In fact, he had never _____by the time the concert ended.
A. put up B. set up C. fixed up D. shown up
【解析】put up “张贴，搭建”； set up“建立”；fix up “修理”；由That’s impossible.可知Jay Chou直到音乐会结束前也没有露面。正确答案是D。
b. 句式包：
Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party. 上周五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日晚会。
invite sb to a place（或一活动、聚会） 意为“邀请某人到某一地方或参加某一活动”；而invite sb to do sth 意为“邀请某人做某事”。
【备课例句】I think we have many friends now, and we must invite them to our place.
我想我们现在有很多朋友了， 我们也应该邀请他们到我们家做客。
Kitty’s teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park
基蒂的老师吴老师邀请我参加了去世界公园的学校郊游活动。
【课堂变式】
1.本次会议我们将邀请多少人？How many people shall we______?
2.我邀请她出去散散步。I ______for a walk.
【解析】1. invite to the meeting 2. invited her to go out
Section B（2a ~ 2e）
a. 词汇包：
marry (v.) 嫁，娶；与……结婚[来源:学科网ZXXK]
1.A marry B意为“A与B结婚；A娶/嫁给B”。
【备课例句】Jane is going to marry John. 简就要嫁给约翰了。
2.A and B get married=A and B are married=A be/get married to B，意为“A和B结婚”。
【备课例句】Lucy and Leo got married last week. 露西和利奥上周结婚了。
3.marry A to B意为“把A嫁给B或给A娶B”。
【备课例句】He married his son to a rich girl.他给儿子娶了一个有钱的女子。
1.marry为短暂性动词，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。be married 是系表结构，表示状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
【例句】They got married three years ago. =They have been married for three years.
=It has been three years since they got married. 他们结婚三年了。
2.married 作表语是介词要用to，不用with，即be/get married to sb。
【例句】Willis was married to actress Demi Moore from 1987 until 1998.
1987-1998年威利斯曾与女演员黛米•摩尔结婚。
【课堂变式】
They got ____ 30 years ago. Now their children are both working in Shanghai.
A. annoyed B. married C. worried D. surprised
2. sell out 卖完； 售光
【备课例句】This kind of shoes are sold out. 这种鞋全卖光了。
The book you ask for are all sold out.你要的书都卖完了。
【课堂变式】
—Have you ____ all your old toys?—Yeah. They are popular. Look, my box is empty now.
A. shown up B. set off C. sold out D. broken down
b. 句式包：
Wells made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story and fear spread across the whole country. Wells 讲述这个新闻起来如此的真实，以致成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而引发了全国性的恐慌。
so …that在此引导结果状语从句，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此……以至于……”。
【备课例句】
This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it．　　
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him．他跑得那么快，以至于我跟不上他。（so＋副词）
【横向辐射】
表示“如此……以至于……”之意时， so…that, too…to do sth., enough to do sth. 这三个句型可互换使用。
1.在so…that句型中，当主语和从句都是肯定式，且主、从句的主语指的是同一人时，可简化为enough to do sth.结构。
【例句】He ran so fast that he caught up with us quickly.
=He ran fast enough to catch up with us quickly. 他跑得飞快，很快就赶上了我们。
2. 在so…that句型中，当主句和从句都是肯定式，但主、从句的主语不一致时，可简化成enough for sb. to do sth.结构。
【例句】The problem is so easy that she can work it out. =The problem is easy enough for her to work out.
3.在so…that句型中，当主句和从句的主语一致，但主句是肯定式，从句是否定式时，可简化成enough to do sth. 或too…to do sth.结构。与enough to do sth.转换时，形容词或副词应变为与之相反的词，前面的动词为否定式。
【例句】He is so young that he can’t go to school. =He is too young to go to school.
=He is not old enough to go to school. 他还没到上学的年龄。
如果主从句的主语不一致，须在to do sth.前加for sb 作为不定式的逻辑主语。
The problem is so difficult that we can’t work it out. =The problem is too difficult for us to work out.
=The problem isn’t easy enough for us to work out. 这道题太难了，我们解答不出来。
【课堂变式】
根据上句改写下句，且使上下两句意思相同或相近，每空一词。
1. She is so tall that she can get the apples on the tree.
She is tall ___ ___ get the apples on the tree.
2. He got up so late that he couldn’t catch the bus.
He ___ get up early ___ ___ catch the bus.
He got up ___ late ___ catch the bus.
3. His English is so bad that I can’t understand it.
His English ___ ___ ___ ___ me to understand.
His English is ___ bad ___ ___ ___ understand.
4. The apple is too high for me to reach.
The apple is ___ high ___ I ___ reach it.
【解析】1.enough to 2. didn’t, enough to; too, to 3. isn’t good enough for; too, for me to 4. so, that, can’t
过去完成时态
1.概念：过去完成时态表示在过去某一时间以前已经发生了的动作，即发生在“过去的过去”。
2.构成：过去完成时由“助动词had（通用于各种人称和数）+过去分词构成。
3.用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。主要表示过去某时前已发生的动作或情况（也可说是“过去的过去”）。与by、before等构成的短语连用
4.陈述句：主语+助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)＋过去分词
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
在他们到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃早饭了。
从句中arrived at到达在“过去”的时间，而had already had吃早饭的动作发生在到达之前，因此主句的时态为“过去的过去”。如：
I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning.今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。
She had searched the Internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.
当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。
I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn’t make any mistakes.
我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。
5.否定句：
主语+助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)+not＋过去分词
He said that he had not seen such a beautiful bird before.他说他以前从来没有看过这样美丽的鸟。
6.疑问句
助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)+主语＋过去分词？
How many English flushed had you seen by the end of last term?到上学期期末为止，你们看了多少部英文片？
Had you reached the station before ten o’clock?到十点以前，你们已经到达火车站了吗？
注：如果时间状语从句的动作发生在前，则从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。如：
When he had finished his work,he left his office.
After I had done my homework,I went to bed.
巧学过去完成时
过去完成时态不算难，形式要向完成时态看。
Have变成had不怠慢，断定过去之前是关键。