罗宾斯管理学练习题第三章.doc

Chapter 3 – Organizational Culture and Environment: The Constraints
True/False Questions
A MANAGER’S DILEMMA
1. According to the information presented in “A Manager's Dilemma，” the training programs were well planned and integrated across all business units。
False （moderate）
THE MANAGER： OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC
2. In the symbolic view of management, managers are seen as directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure。
False (easy）
3。 The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests managers are omnipotent。
True (moderate）
4。 The view of managers as omnipotent is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the take-charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the organization’s objectives.
True （moderate）
5. The symbolic view of managerial impact is useful in explaining the high turnover among college and professional sports coaches, who can be considered the “managers" of their teams。
False （difficult）
6. The view that a college football team had a losing season due to the failure of key players to obtain sufficient school grades represents the symbolic view of management。
True （moderate)
7. In the omnipotent view of management， much of an organization’s success or failure is due to forces outside management's control。
False (easy）
8. If an organization subscribes to the symbolic view of managers, it is unreasonable to expect managers to have a significant effect on the organization’s performance.
True （easy)
9. A manager’s role in the omnipotent view of management is to create meaning out of randomness, confusion, and ambiguity。
False （moderate)
THE ORGANIZATION’S CULTURE
10。 An organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning.
True （moderate)
11。 The organizational culture is a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations。
True (moderate）
12. Organizational culture is a perception, not reality。
True (moderate）
13。 Presently， there is no method for analyzing or assessing organizational culture.
False （moderate）
14。 Strong cultures have more influence on employees than weak ones。
True （moderate)
15。 An increasing body of evidence suggests that strong cultures are associated with high organizational performance。
True (easy)
16. Compensation in mentioned in the text as a dimension of organizational culture.
False （moderate)
17. Most organizations have very weak cultures。
False （moderate)
18. An organization’s founder has little influence on its culture。
False （moderate)
19。 Rituals are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the key values of an organization.
True （moderate)
20. Organizational stories typically contain a narrative of significant events or people.
True (moderate)
21。 A good example of an organizational story is the process college faculty members go through in their quest for tenure.
False （moderate）
22。 Employee stock option is mentioned in the text as an example of a material symbol。
False （moderate）
23. The link between values and managerial behavior is fairly straightforward。
True (moderate)
THE ENVIRONMENT
24. The part of the environment directly related to achievement of an organization's goals is the specific environment。
True (moderate)
25. The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.
False (easy)
26。 Environmental uncertainty can be divided into two dimensions: degree of trust and degree of integration。
False （difficult）
27. Because certainty is a threat to an organization’s effectiveness， managers try to minimize it。
False （easy)
28. The term suppliers include providers of financial and labor inputs。
True （moderate)
29。 To a national network such as NBC， your home VCR is considered a competitor.
True （moderate)
30。 Ralph Nader's Center for Responsive Law is considered a pressure group that managers must deal with.
True (moderate）
31。 Industry conditions is an example of an organization’s general environment.
False （moderate)
32. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made jobs accessible to people with disabilities。
False (moderate)
33。 The Americans with Disabilities Act grants 12 weeks of unpaid leave to employees for birth or adoption of a child.
False （moderate)
34。 Economic conditions are part of the organization’s specific environment.
False （moderate）
MANAGING WORKFORCE DIVERSITY
35. Based on the data presented in “Managing Workforce Diversity，” federal mandate is the number one factor driving diversity efforts by organizations.
False （moderate）
Multiple-Choice Questions
A MANAGER’S DILEMMA
36。 According to the information presented in “A Manager’s Dilemma," Vancouver is a city where the environment is fairly stable and the relationship among stakeholders is critically important. Which of the following approaches to managing stakeholder relationships should Catherine Deslauriers, the city of Vancouver's staff and organizational development coordinator, pursue？
a. Stakeholder partnerships
b. Boundary spanning
c. Stakeholder management (difficult）
d. Scanning and monitoring the environment
THE MANAGER： OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC
37. What are the two views of managerial impact on the success or failure of the organization?
a。 Omnipotent and symbolic （moderate）
b. Omnipotent and reflective
c. Symbolic and interactive
d. Reflective and interactive
e. Dynamic and static
38。 What view suggests that managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure?
a。 Symbolic view of management
b. Autocratic view of management
c. Omnipotent view of management （moderate)
d. Linear view of management
e. Quality view of management
39。 According to which of the following views of managerial impact is it external forces， not management that determines outcomes?
a. Symbolic view of management
b。 Autocratic view of management
c。 Omnipotent view of management (moderate）
d. Linear view of management
e。 Quality view of management
40. The current dominant assumption in management theory _____________.
a. suggests a balanced view of managers as symbolic and omnipotent。
b。 suggests managers are symbolic.
c。 suggests managers are omnipotent. （moderate)
d。 is that both the symbolic and omnipotent views are fading。
e. is that neither symbolic nor omnipotent views are relevant。
41。 The view of managers as _____________ is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the take—charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the organization's objectives.
a. symbolic
b. omnipotent (moderate）
c。 generalist
d. autocratic
e。 dynamic
42. Which of the following views of managerial impact is useful in explaining the high turnover among college and professional sports coaches， who can be considered the “managers” of their teams？
a。 Symbolic
b. Omnipotent （moderate）
c。 Generalist
d。 Autocratic
e。 Dynamic
43。 Which of the following statements best represents the symbolic view of management？
a。 Outside forces have most of the influence on organizational outcomes. （difficult）
b. Effective managers are viewed as role models that employees emulate.
c。 Upper management’s proper role is that of organizational figurehead。
d. Managers are one of the three significant forces that determine organizational outcomes.
e. Managers are directly responsible for the success or failure of the organization。
44. The view that a college football team had a losing season due to the failure of key players to obtain sufficient school grades represents which view of management？
a. Omnipotent
b. Symbolic (moderate)
c。 Democratic
d。 Systematic
e. Organic
45。 Following the symbolic view, managers have a（n) _____________ effect on substantive organizational outcomes。
a。 substantial
b. moderate
c. limited （moderate）
d. unlimited
e. undetermined
46。 In which of the views of managerial impact is the actual part that managers play in organizational success or failure minimal?
a. Omnipotent
b. Symbolic (moderate）
c。 Democratic
d。 Systematic
e. Organic
THE ORGANIZATION’S CULTURE
47。 Organizational culture is similar to an individual's _____________。
a。 skills
b。 personality （easy）
c. motivation
d. ability
e. knowledge
48. Which of the following phrases is associated with the definition of organizational culture？
a. Individual response
b. Shared meaning （easy）
c. Diversity of thought
d. Explicit directions
e。 Internal growth
49。 The organizational _____________ is （are) a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguish（es） the organization from other organizations.
a. culture （easy)
b。 values
c。 rituals
d. structure
e。 hierarchy
50。 Which of the following is not implied by your text's definition of culture?
a。 Culture is a perception.
b. Individuals tend to describe an organization’s culture in dissimilar terms。 (difficult)
c. There is a shared aspect of culture。
d. Organizational culture is a descriptive term.
e。 Research suggests seven dimensions to an organization's culture.
51. The strength of culture is dependent on all but which of the following organizational factors?
a。 Size
b. Industry （moderate）
c。 Age
d. Turnover
e. Original culture intensity
52。 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a dimension of organizational culture?
a. Attention to detail
b. People orientation
c. Compensation （moderate)
d. Aggressiveness
e. Stability
53. Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an example of which of the following dimensions of organizational culture?
a. Attention to detail
b. People orientation
c. Outcome orientation （moderate)
d. Aggressiveness
e. Stability
54. Organizations in which the key values are intensely held and widely shared have _____________ cultures。
a。 emerging
b. aggressive
c. weak
d。 strong (moderate）
e. assertive
55. Most organizations have ____________ cultures。
a。 very weak
b. weak to moderate
c. moderate
d. moderate to strong (moderate)
e。 strong to very strong
56. What is the original source of an organization's culture?
a。 The organization’s industry
b。 The organization’s size
c。 The organization's age
d. The organization’s geographic location
e. The organization’s founder （moderate）
57。 Which of the following is not a way in which culture is transmitted to employees？
a。 Stories
b. Rituals
c. Organizational chart （moderate）
d。 Material symbols
e。 Language
58. _____________ are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce key values of the organization.
a。 Rituals （easy）
b. Stories
c. Symbols
d. Language
e。 Habits
59. Organizational _____________ typically contain a narrative of significant events or people.
a. stories (moderate）
b。 rituals
c。 organizational chart
d. material symbols
e。 language
60。 A good example of an organizational _____________ is the process college faculty members go through in their quest for tenure。
a。 story
b. symbol
c。 anchor
d. sacrifice
e。 ritual （moderate）
61. All of the following are mentioned in the text as examples of material symbols EXCEPT:
a. dress attire。
b. size of offices.
c. employee stock options。 （moderate）
d. reserved parking spaces for certain employees.
e. health club memberships for employees。
62。 Which of the following statements is accurate concerning organizational culture?
a。 It has little impact on managers。
b。 Generally, the rules of organizational culture can be found in the employee handbook。
c. Organizational culture is always passed along by word of mouth
d。 Organizational culture is rarely explicit。 (difficult）
e。 The organization’s culture expands a manager’s decision-making options.
63。 The link between organizational values and managerial behavior is _____________。
a. uncertain
b. fairly straightforward （moderate）
c。 loose and difficult to see
d. unimportant
e. hidden
64. In organizations whose culture conveys a basic distrust of employees， managers are more likely to use which of the following leadership styles？
a. Democratic
b. Participative
c. Authoritarian （moderate）
d. Consensus
THE ENVIRONMENT
65。 According to the text， the _______________ environment includes those constituencies that have a direct and immediate impact on managers’ decisions and actions and are directly relevant to the achievement of the organization’s goals。
a. general
b. specific （moderate)
c. secondary
d. forward
e. reverse
66. Which of the following is not an example of a constituency that makes up the specific environment？
a. Customers
b. Sociocultural factors (moderate）
c. Suppliers
d. Competitors
e. Pressure groups
67。 For a company such as Walt Disney World in Florida, a bank would be an example of what kind of factor in their specific environment?
a. Competitor
b。 Supplier (moderate)
c。 Special-interest group
d。 Government agency
e. Customer
68。 Which of the following is not an example of a specific environmental factor？
a。 Suppliers
b。 Political conditions （moderate)
c. Customers
d. Governmental agencies
e. Special—interest pressure groups
69。 For an organization such as a hospital that needs nurses, the labor union and the local labor market are examples of what kinds of factors in their specific environment?
a。 Special-interest group and supplier
b。 Customer and special—interest group
c. Both are examples of suppliers （difficult）
d. Government agency and competitor
e. Special—interest group and competitor
70。 Voters represent what factor in the specific environment of governmental organizations?
a. Special—interest group
b。 Competitor
c. Supplier
d. Customer （moderate）
e。 Government agency
71. Typically, the specific organizational environment includes which of the following?
a。 Economic factors
b。 Political conditions
c. Technological factors
d. Globalization issues
e。 Competitors (moderate)
72. United Parcel Service represents what factor to the U.S. Postal Service in its specific environment？
a。 Competitor （moderate）
b。 Supplier
c。 Customer
d。 Special-interest group
e。 Government agency
73。 To a national network such as NBC， your home VCR is considered a _____________.
a。 customer
b。 supplier
c。 special-interest group
d。 competitor （moderate)
e. regulator
74. According to the text, _____________ is having an impact on who an organization’s competitors are because it has virtually eliminated the geographic boundaries。
a. local area network
b. the intranet
c. the Internet (easy)
d. video conferencing
75. Ralph Nader’s Center for Responsive Law is an example of what factor in the specific external environment?
a. Competitor
b。 Pressure group （moderate）
c. Customer
d。 Government agency
e. Supplie