意义一致的原则复习过程.doc

意义一致的原则

意义一致的原则
（一）谓语动词为单数的情况
1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 工人兼作家
The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.

2. Every…and; each…and; no…and; many…and 连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。

Every desk and every chair is made of wood.
Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.

3.one/every one /each/either/ the number of +复数名词作主语谓语用单数
Each of the students has a book.

4. clothing furniture traffic jewelry baggage equipment luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。

Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.

5.以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。

6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.

7. 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。

8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Collecting stamps is what he likes.
To collect stamps is his future plan.
Whatever was left was taken away.
• 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。

（二）谓语动词为复数的情况
1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.

2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。
The police are looking for the missing child.
3. goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。

4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.
Mount Tai is famous …
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.
The West Indies, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two parts.
5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语。
（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。
His family is a great one.
His family are music lovers.
2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。
The steel works is near the station.
Two new steel works are being built.
3. “kind, sort, pair, type +名词” 作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。

4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All are present .
All the food tastes good.
5. “half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数、百分数 + of + 名词”作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。

with , along with , together with , including , but , except , like , among , as well as , no more than , besides , rather than +名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。

The teacher with/along with/including a number of students is in the classroom.
This class consists of 45 students. Mr. Green teaches it． 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。
This class are all diligent. Mr. Green teaches them. 这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。
It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。
The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。

但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：
1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing 衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggage／luggage 行李，furniture家具，machinery 机械，scenery 景色，jewelry珠宝等。
2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。
谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?
We Chinese ____ a hard-working people．
A．is B．are
C．is being D．are being

此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。

注意以下类似例子：
These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim．
The planets were the object of his study．
The most important thing I need is books．
The country's leading export is watches．
The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies．

但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数），例如：
Who is your brother？谁是你的兄弟？
Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？
What he said is quite correct．他所说的完全正确。
What he left me are only a few old books．他给我留下的只是几本旧书。

在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but（also）等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。

并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致 ？

1.You or he _______ to blame． 你或他有一人要受责备。

2. _______ you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他？
A ．is ,Is B．are，Are
C．is，Are D． are，Is

3．Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another．
A ．is B ．are
C ．am D ．be
4．Not the teacher ，but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film．
A ．is B ．are
C ．am D ．be

4．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already．
A ．has read B ．have read
C ．are reading D ．is reading

5．All but one ____ in the accident．
A ．was killed B ．were killed
C ．will be killed D ．are killed