初中并列句讲解与练习(8).doc

并 列 句一、并列连词大观园连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫做并列连词。根据其意义，并列连词又分为表示并列、转折、选择和因果等四种关系的连词。关系连词例句并列关系and / both . and ./ not only . but also ./ neither . nor .My father is a teacher and my mother is a nurse.Neither he nor I like to see this film.Not only I but also he will stay here tomorrow.转折关系but / however / whileI like English, but I am not good at it.I am short, while my brother is very tall.选择关系or / either . or .You can read this book or that one.Either she or you are going there with me.因果关系so / forIt was late, so I went home at once.It is morning now, for the birds begin to sing.下面整理并列句的口诀：and 表示顺承while表示对比but/yet表示转折for/so表示因果or/either .or 表示选择when和and/then表示时间and/so/neither/nor表示并列not only.but also/neither. nor表示递进二、并列句的构成：并列句是由并列连词and，but，or，for，so等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句。三、并列句的分类：1. 表示同等关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句，and常译为和、并且，也可不译出来。例如：He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。2. 表示转折关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等连接前后简单句，but常译为但是，可是，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如：It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。Its raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。3. 表示选择关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者，否则)等连接前后简单句。or有两重含义：(1)译为或者，表示选择。例如：Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。(2)译为否则、要不然，表示条件。例如：You must tell the truth，or you will be punished你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。4. 表示因果关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。(1)for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而for则连接两简单句，前者表示结果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。(2)so意为因此、所以，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句(原因) +so牛简单句(结果)。例如：Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替二课。5. 其他形式的并列句(1)祈使句+and+简单句。其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。例如：Use your head, and you will find away动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。(2)祈使句+or+简单句。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如：Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others努力学习，否则你就会落于别人。(3)either.or结构表示不是就是，或者或者，例如：Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我婶婶也可以做。习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.(4) not onlybut also意思为不仅而且，例如：not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不仅学生，而且他们的老师都误了校车。(5) neithernor结构，意为既不也不，两者都不，用法与either or,not only but also相同。四、使用并列句要注意的几种情况1. 并列句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如：We fished all day; we didnt catch a fish.我们钓了一天的鱼，一条鱼也没钓到。2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。例如：My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作，母亲在学校工作。3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句，后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如：He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是学生,我也不是。Beibei can swim, so can I. 贝贝会游泳,我也会。练习：一、单项选择1I like fish， _ my brother doesnt like it.AsoBorCforDbut2Mr Zhang felt a little tired， _ he still went on workingAbutBandCsoDor3Will you be free on Saturday morning ？-No, I wont , _ Ill be free on Monday afternoon.AbutBforCandDso4Miss Gao is badly ill， _ she is still working very hard.AbutBandCsoDor5Hurry up， _ you wont catch the early bus.AbutBandCorDso6Go along the road， _ youll find the market at the end of itAwhenBandCorDthough7I help him _ he helps me. We help each other （互相）AbutBandCor8_ Saturday _ Sunday is OK. I will be free in these two days.AEither；orBNeither； norCBoth； andDOne； the other9Mr. Zhang felt very tired， _ he needed a good rest.AandBsoCorDbut10_ human beings（人类） _ animals can live without air.ANot only； but alsoBBoth； andCEither； or DNeither； nor11Work hard， _ youll catch up with others.AandBbutCorDfor12Have you got any brothers _ sisters？- I have a sister.AnorBorCbutDfor13Be quick， _ youll be late for the football match.AsoBbutCandDor14Jim is an American， _ he can speak very good Chinese.AifBsoCbutDbecause15We bought Granny a present， _ she didnt like it.AbutBandCwhenDif16That was our firtst lesson， _ she didnt know all our namesAforBbutCsoDor17The boy is only ten， _ he can do some washing himselfAthoughBbutCorDso18He is listening to the music _ he is washing clothesAafterBbeforeCthatDwhile二、从方框中所给的并列词中，选出正确的一个，完成句子。andorsobutbecausethough1. Open the door_ let the cool air in.2. There are few new words in the article, _we couldnt understand it.3. I like beef, _my father doesnt like it.4. We finished the homework quickly _ it was very easy.5. Be more careful, _ youll have an accident.6. Its raining very hard, _ wed better stay here.7. Claire wanted to buy a car, _he didnt have enough money.8. Hes always very careful, _ he never makes any mistakes.9. Take a raincoat with you, _ youll get wet.10. He kept on working outside, _ it was colder and colder.参考答案一、1D前后两个分句意思相反，表转折，应用but2A同上。3A同上。4A同上。5Cor表示“否则”，前后两个句子是相对关系。如用and，则为“顺接关系，其意思与or相反。此句也可说成： Hurry up， and youll catch the early bus. ”6B7B8A根据第一句的动词is和第二句的意思，应填eitheror.B项的neithernor语义与该句不吻合。bothand后接复数形式的谓语动词。D项非连接词，也有不用。9B两个分句为因果关系，故用so10D前三项虽在在语法上与题干都吻合，但不符合事实逻辑。11A该句型为“祈使句+ and+陈述句”结构，祈使句可转换为一个if引导的条件状语从句。如果前后两个句都用肯定语气，则用and连接；如果两个分句的语气为一个肯定，一个否定，则应用or连接，该句如用or连接应为：Work hand， or you wont catch up with others.12B此句中只能用or连接，其余三个词都不能用。13D结构同11小题，道理也相同。注意第二个分句虽是肯定形式，但late也含有“否定”语气，故用or.14C美国人会说汉语的并不是自然的，故应用but15A16C17B18Dwhile为并列连词，表“对比”。意为“他去听音乐，而他却在洗衣服。”二、 1. and2. but3. but4. because5. or6. so7. but8. so9. or10. though重庆渝昂教育个性化辅导中心重庆市渝北区两路步行街金易都会八楼809 电话：67836768邮箱：youngedu