新版广州英语八年级下Unit1Helpingthoseinneed讲义.doc

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Unit 1 Helping those in need
Step 1:课文，单词过关
Step 2：重点知识讲解
一、重点单词讲解
1. raise v. 筹集；提升；增加
第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising
搭配：raise one’s voice 提高嗓门；raise a family 养家糊口；raise money 筹款；
raise price 提高价格；raise one’s spirits 打起精神
raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：
raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口）和raise children（抚养孩子）
辨析：raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别
(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：
The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。
(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：
The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）
The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）

2. permission n. = agreement 准许；批准 permit --- permitted --- permitted
permit sb. to do sth. = allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
1)Without ___________(permit), you mustn’t enter the teachers’ office.
2)父母允许他在外面待得很晚。Parents don’t ______ him ______ stay out late.
3)We hope to visit the Cambridge University, （如果时间允许）_______________.

辨析：permit, allow, let的区别
permit / allow doing sth.允许做某事
permit / allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
allow与permit在很多情况下意义是相同的,可换用。但allow侧重听任或默许，即不加阻止，语气较轻；permit通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，指给予做某事的权利，如通过法令和正式条文“允许”做某事，语气较重；
let指允许某人做某事，含有不加限制之意，多用于口语中，后面接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

3. disabled adj. 有伤残的；丧失能力的；不中用
I taught___________ children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。
同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力；使残废，使伤残
The disable 表示残疾这一类人
He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。
enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事
The new test should _______ doctors to detect the disease early.
新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。
搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍

4. offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出
offer to do sth. 主动提出干什么
Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
搭配：offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手
offer sb. sth.=offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物
They have offered me a large sum of money to go away.
他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费
辨析：provide, offer的区别：
provide仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。
offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。
1）Somehow she managed to_________ her children ________ food and clothing.
她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。
2）He _______ me a glass of wine. = He ______ a glass of wine ________ me.
他端给我一杯酒。

5. illness n. （某种）病 ill (adj.) 生病的; 坏的
fall ill 病倒了 feel ill 感觉不舒服、生病 speak ill of sb. 说某人的短处
The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。
同根词：ill adj. 有病的 （比较级：worse, 最高级：worst）
辨析：ill, sick的区别：
ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。
ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。例如：
She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。
She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。
sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。
例如：The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。
ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。例如：
He is an ill child. 他是一个坏孩子。
填空Tim didn’t attend school because he was__________ in bed.
Tim didn’t attend school because of his___________.
Don’t __________ others. It’s impolite.

6. organize v. 组织策划 organizer (n.) 组织者 organization (n.) 组织
In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.
What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？
The English speaking competition was well ________.
The aim of this __________ is to help the people in need.
Tom is one of the _________ in this activity.

7. express v. 表达；表露 expression (n.) 表达;表情; 习惯用语(常用复数) 当express 表示“表达，表示”之意是后不加双宾语 He expressed his thanks to her.
This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。
She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。
He expressed to us his ideas about the new teacher.
练习：
Words cannot ______ how pleased I am. 言语无法表达我的愉快心情。
Teenagers often have difficulty ________ themselves. 青少年在表达思想方面常常有困难。
difficult （adj.）---- difficulty (n.) (have difficulty in doing sth做某事有困难)
8. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 （比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest）
It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。
辨析：lonely, alone的区别：
alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。alone (adj.) = by oneself / on one’s own
lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。
alone adv. 单独；独自
She went home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。
The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.
9. joy (n.) = happiness / pleasure高兴，喜悦，快乐
joyful (adj.)高兴的 joyfully (adv.)高兴地 to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是….
To her joy her son was permitted to a key university.
Looking after the baby is both painful and .
They greeted him________________.
We should study with ____________.
10. volunteer (n.) 志愿者 voluntary (adj.) 自愿的，自发的；无偿的；
voluntaries 复数 voluntarily adv自愿地
Schools need __________ to help children to read. 学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。
In her spare time she does _________work.她在业余时间做义工。
11. friendship n. 友情；友谊
同根词：friend n. 朋友 复数：friends. friendly adj. 友好的
friendliness n. 友善
I had a long talk about this with my best friend.
Robert has a ___________ relationship with his customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。
She also loves the___________of the people. 她也喜欢人们的友善。

12. difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难；费劲
The country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国正面临巨大的经济困难。
同根词：difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的
The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。
搭配：have difficulty (in) doing something 做……有困难
I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。
in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难
The bank is in difficulty/difficulties. 这家银行处境困难。

13. peace n. 平静；宁静
the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
One more question and I’ll leave you in peace. 再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。
同根词：peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的
Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。

14. hurt v. = injure 使疼痛；受伤
Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage.
同根词：hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的
They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。
搭配：hurt oneself 受伤
Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？

15. courage n. 勇气；勇敢
He showed great courage and determination. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。
同根词：encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进； encourage sb to sth 鼓励某人做某事
My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud.
16. pay v. 付款；偿还
We paid ₤35 for each ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。
同根词：pay n. 工资；薪水；报答
They complained about their pay and conditions. 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。
搭配：pay off 偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额
pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为……付款
辨析：spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别：
take, spend, cost, pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
(1)spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。例如：
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2)spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例如：
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。例如：
A new computer costs a lot of money.
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
(1)It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用三年时间修完了这条路。
pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…… 例如：
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英镑的房租。
注意：cost的主语是物（某物花费了多少），spend的主语是人（某人花费了多少）。
sth. cost sb. some money
总结：
take一般用it作主语，例如：it takes sb. sometime to do sth.
spend一般是人作主语，例如：I spend an hour finishing my homework.
cost表示某物值什么的（价值或钱），例如：The book cost 200 Yuan.
pay一般是人作主语，例如：I pay lots of money for books.
二、讲解重点语句
1. I did some voluntary work in a children’s hospital. The children there all suffer from serious illness. We organized a painting competition for them.
注意work和job
work,我们广义指工作，job，我们更多用来指一份职业。比如说 我是秘书，我说打字的事包在我身上，我就说Typing is my work. 而我们不会说Typing is my job.因为我们的职业不只是打字，而是秘书我会说My job is a secretary. work是泛指的不一定完全是工作的事也许是你需要完成的任务等等，就是一件事。而job倾向于正规的职业，并且work基本是不可数的 而job一般都是可数名词 一份或者两份职业。
Work还有v 表示工作
She’s suffering from headache / high fever / serious illness(严重的疾病）.
suffer (vt.) 和suffer from的区别：
suffer经受，使遭受（坏事，不愉快的事），其宾语一般是loss损失, pain, punishment刑罚，惩罚, defeat战胜；失败, wrong, hardship艰难；困苦, torture拷问；折磨, grief悲伤；悲痛, injustice不公平；非正义, discouragement沮丧；劝阻, disappointment失望，扫兴等。指一般的损害、痛苦等。
They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 他们在经济危机时遭受了巨大损失。
suffer from因……而痛苦, 指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。
1). suffer from+疾病名词（或者他人闲言碎语、劳累、记忆力减退等），表示患病、为…受苦。
She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病。
2). suffer from+自然灾害
suffer from drought 遭受旱灾suffer from floods 遭受水灾
Our business has suffered from lack of investment. 我们的企业因缺乏投资而受苦.
serious （adj.) 严重的,严肃的 seriously (adv.)严重地= badly
填空
Believe me, I'm extremely____________ . 相信我，我绝对是认真的。
His legs were ______ hurt, so he couldn’t walk any further.
Unhealthy lifestyles will lead to ______illness.

2. I met a girl called Cindy. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. I went there and took some photos of it. Cindy used them for her painting.
这里要注意的是called 表示“被叫做”_________________
Want to do sth=would like to sth=feel like doing 想要做某事
Paint n.颜料，涂料；v涂色于；绘画； painting n 绘画作品
Take photos 照相 it 代表什么

3. We taught them to tell stories. This helps them express their feelings. One child said, “My friends don’t understand my pain.
解析：teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
例句：____________________________________
Help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事 这里的to可以省略
Help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人
She often helps me with my English.

4. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely. She needs friendship. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.
解析：die v死，died 过去式 死 dying adj 垂死挣扎的 dead adj死的
它是一个短暂性动词不能和延续时间，She has been dead for three years.
5. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future.
Like 这里是像的意思
In the future 和in future的区别
In the future: 在将来
In future： 今后，从今以后
1）___________, make sure the door is never left unlocked.今后一定要注意把门锁上。
2）No one can foresee what will happen __________.没人能预见将来会发生什么事。
Step 3 练习
一、根据句意和首字母提示写单词
1. We want to r_______ money for the poor people in the disaster areas.
2. A t________ is someone who is between thirteen and nineteen years old.
3. We are all worried about his problem. It’s really s___________
4. In the end, we all decided to o_______ a concert for Easter.
5. Our teacher often tell us, “No p______ , no gain.”
二、词组翻译
需要帮忙的________________ 义务性工作___________________
报请批准__________________ 因…受苦_____________________
使振奋____________________ 目的在于，为了_________________
良辰难再，人生中大好时刻，不要再去旧梦重圆。