高中英语句子成分.doc

高三艺术生第一周补课——句子成分及句子结构
一． 主语：
在句中，主语是句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，通常位于句首，通常由名词，代词，动名词（v-ing），不定式，及从句充当。
1. A mooncake is a delicious cake.
2. To master a foreign language is important for us.
3. Smoking is bad for our health.
4. What he said is useful to me.
考点一：主谓一致：谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。
1. 我的爷爷每天起得很早。（get up）

2. 这些学生来自中国。（come from/ be from）

3. 写日记是一个很好的学习习惯。（keep a diary、 learning habits）

考点二：it 作形式主语的重要句型
1. It is + adj+(for sb ) to do sth
2. It is time for sb to do sth = it is time that sb did sth/should do sth.
3. It takes/took sb time to do sth
4. It was reported/said/believed/thought/suggested that+句子
1. 保持劳逸结合对我们来说很重要。（keep a balance between work and rest）

2. 该到我们保护环境的时候到了。（protect environment）

3. 完成家庭做业花费了我三个小时。

4. It _________(report) that it received more than one million visitors during the spring festival.

二． 谓语
（一） 用来说明主语的动作或特征和状态的成分，一般由动词充当。
1. He plays basketball every morning.
2. We are senior 3 students.
3. This idea sounds good.
4. We should study harder than before.
5. Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
（二） 动词分类
1. 实义动词：eg: play like climb beat pat succeed decide...
2. 系动词：1）be:________
2)感官动词_____________________________________
3)表变化_________________________________________________
4)三保持 二证明 ________________________________________
3. 情态动词：can/could, may/might, should, must, have to, had better, would rather
4. 助动词：不能单独作谓语，是帮助主要动词构成各种时态。（have,has ,had, will, be,do等）
考点一：对及物动词和不及物动词的理解与记忆。
改错
1. We are hoping to solve something that bother to us.
2. I hope my dream will be come true.
3. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
考点二：系动词：1)系动词+adj(表语） 2）系动词无被动
1. The coat feels smoothly.
2. Mayun was turned out to be a successful businessman.
3. This soup was tasted delicious.
考点三：情态动词加动词原形
1. We must found ways to protect our environment.
2. We had better to see a dentist.

三． 宾语
通常放在谓语动词之后，表示动作行为的对象。由名词，代词，v-ing， to do或从句充当。
1. He speaks Chinese.
2. Don’t laugh at the boy.
3. Many boys in China wants to be a basketball player.
4. Would you mind looking after my cat.
5. I think you are the most beautiful.

考点一：常考只能接不定式（to do）做宾语的动词：
Decide to do / want to do / refuse to do/ pretend to do / promise to do /offer to do/afford to do/expect to do/fail to do/plan to do/volunteer to do
1. I want________(go) abroad.
2. Many young people can’t afford________(buy) a house.
考点三：常考只能跟动名词做宾语的动词及短语
Enjoy doing/mind doing/keep doing/avoid doing/consider doing/suggest doing/allow,permit doing/appreciate doing/escape doing/ finish doing/practise doing
Look forward to
Be devoted to/devote oneself to doing
Get down to doing
Lead to doing
Stick to doing
Object to doing
改错
1. I am looking forward to hear from you.
2. The woman has devoted herself to protect our environment.
3. To avoid ________(make) mistakes in the test, Mary studies hard.
4. Practise_________(speak) English and you will make progress.

考点四 双宾语
有些及物动词，比如give, show ,pass.send 等可以接两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物。
Give sb sth
Buy sb sth
Book sb sth
Cook sb sth
Choose sb sth
Sing sb sth
Offer sb sth
Bring sb sth
Lend sb sth
Owe sb sth
Pass/hand sb sth
Send sb sth
Tell sb sth
Teach sb sth

四． 定语
定语是用来修饰限定名词或代词，翻译成...的。作定语主要有形容词，此外代词，数词，介词短语，动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和从句都可以做定语。
一） 找出以下句子的定语
1. He is a famous scientist.
2. There are two women teachers.
3. The girl in red is my sister.
4. The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.
5. The girl called Xiaofang is my roommate.
6. The boy playing basketball looks handsome.
7. The bike which/that I bought yesterday is second-hand.

五． 状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词，或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫状语。主要由副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词短语或由连词引导状语从句。表示时间，地点，程度，方式，目的，原因，结果，伴随，让步，条件。
一） 写出划线部分属于哪一种状语。
1. I often get up at 3 o’clock.
2. Pandas only lived in China before.
3. To make progress in English, I will study harder than before.
4. We usually go to school by bus.
5. Although he is young, he is rich.
6. If you don’t study hard , you will fall behind the others.
7. We didn’t go to school, because the weather is bad.
8. The wind is so strong that we can’t take a step.
9. I stand here , watching the sky.
六． 补语
某一些及物动词的宾语后面还要有一个补足语意思才完整，宾语和他的补足语构成复合宾语，通常由名词，代词，形容词，不定式，和分词充当。
1. We elect him monitor of our class.
2. We must keep our classroom tidy.
3. Our teacher often encourages us to study hard.
4. He often make us laugh.
5. I saw her playing basketball on the playground.
6. The Tv doesn’t work. I will get it repaired.

七．翻译练习(主谓结构）

1. 你应该努力学习。

2.John的父亲昨晚去世了。

3.他昨晚回家很晚。

4.五年前我居住在北京。

5.每天早上妈妈很早就起床。

6.会议将持续两个小时。（last）

7.在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(take place)

8. Alice 擅长英语。（be good at）

一．主谓结构
1. 我们应该努力学习。

2. 昨天晚上他回家很晚。

3. 会议将持续两个小时。

4. 那天早上我们谈了很多。

5. 在过去的十年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

6. Tom 的父亲昨晚去世了。

7. 每天早上我爷爷都起得非常早。

8. 五年前，我住在北京。

二． 主系表结构

1. 我妈妈看起来很年轻。

2. 这个报告听起来很有趣。

3. 他失业了。

4. 他15岁时就成为了一名钢琴家。

5. 她的工作是在幼儿园照看小孩子。

三． 主谓宾结构

1. 我昨晚写了一封信。

2. 他们成功地完成了计划。

3. 这个老师能流利地说三种语言。

4. 我们都相信他是一个诚实的男孩。

5. 圣诞节那天我们将去拜访我们的外教。

四． 主谓宾宾

1. 去年 Mr Johnson教我们德语。

2. 外祖父昨晚给我讲了一个非常有趣的故事。

3. Mary 把钱包递给了校长。

4. 父亲昨天给我买了一辆新的自行车。

五． 主 谓 宾 宾补

1. 我们将会让我们的校园变得越来越美丽。

2. 我想要你告诉我真相。

3. 老师总是鼓励我们要努力学习。

4. 昨天我看见这个男孩正在偷一位乘客的钱包。

5. 我感觉学英语很重要。

改错题
The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.

语法填空
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify（识别）those of 61_______ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 62__________ (achieve) Leavine the less important things until tomorrow 63__________ (be)often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64_________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So get an early start and try to be as productive 65________ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66________ (study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 ___________ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 _________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

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