七年级英语下册第二单元知识点详细总结(译林版).doc

7B Unit2 知识点总结
Comic strip
1. I'm afraid they won't welcome visitors like you. 恐怕他们不会欢迎像你这样的客人。
（1）I'm afraid 译为“恐怕”，是一种口语表达习惯，通常不用 he's afraid, she's afraid.
例： I'm afraid it is going to rain tomorrow. 恐怕明天要下雨了。
补充：be afraid of sth 害怕某物 我害怕蛇
‚I'm afraid so. 我恐怕是这样的。 I‘m afraid not. 我恐怕不是这样的。
I think so. 我如此认为。 I don't think so. 我不这样认为。
③ be afraid of doing sth
④ be afraid to do sth 表示“怕….. ”之意
---Can I have dinner with you?我能与你共进晚餐吗？
--- Sorry, I'm afraid not.这里的意思是：对不起，不能
（2）visitor 派生词 由visit演变
职业 cashier cleaner dancer driver engineer
farmer manager officer painter player
reporter singer shopkeeper teacher waiter
waitress worker writer actress actor
doctor dentist astronaut（宇航员） artist host
pilot policeman postman model cook
nurse
2.like
介词：像 look like/ be like
动词：喜欢 like doing sth

3.Most of them have 14 floors.大多数楼有14层。
most的用法
 表示“数量上最多，最大”，为many或much 的最高级。
例： She had the most money of all of them.在这些人中，她最有钱。
‚ most of + the/this/these/that/those/物主代词+名词，指某一范围内的多数。（名词前面一定要有修饰词）
例：Most of the students come from China. most of my books
ƒ most of +可数名词复数+ V复 most of +不可数名词+V单
④most 与 most of 的区别
1 most+名词 表泛指，无范围 如： most young people
II most of + 名词 指某一范围的多数
III most of +人称代词，of 不能少 如： most of them
两者有时可互换： Most teachers in this school are women.= Most of the teachers in this school are women.

3 It’s good to live in a neighbourhood like that. 住在那样的居民区里真好。
It+ is+ 形容词+ to do sth 句式，是“做某事是……的”。
表示对某人来说做某事是…..的：
It is+形容词+ for sb+ to do sth
如果形容词说明人的品质、性格特征，则用：
It is +形容词+ of sb + to do sth

Reading
1. They are kind and helpful. 他们友好而且乐于助人。
helpful (adj.) 乐于助人，有帮助的 help---helpful care---careful
2. There's something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑坏了。
◎there's something wrong with sth =sth is not working well=sth is broken 意为“某物失灵”
◎something ---复合不定代词，类似有anything，nothing，everything, somebody, nobody, everybody 等。
Something多用于肯定句中，否定句或疑问句中常用anything 做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
◎形容词，动词不定式，else 等词修饰不定代词时，要后置
如： nothing interesting 没什么有趣的 anything else 其他任何东西
There's nothing new in today's newspaper.
3. I'm going to ask a computer engineer to check it. 我打算叫一个电脑工程是来检查一下。
◎ask sb to do sth 要求/请求某人做某事 ask sb not to do sth 要求/请求某人不做某事
◎ask (sb) for help （向某人）请求帮助 例： You can ask 110 for help when you have trouble.
◎ask (sb) for sth （向某人）要求得到某物 例： Don't ask your parents too much money to buy snacks.
◎ask sb about sth 询问某人关于某事 例： She asks me some questions about animals.
4. My cousin Annie's bicycle is broken, so she's going to ask someone to fix it.
◎broken 形容词 “坏的，破的，折了，断了” 例： The glass is broken, who broke it？玻璃坏了，谁弄碎的？
◎break---broke---broken 打破，打断，，弄坏 例： Don't break the eggs, they are for you.
◎fix
5. Some college students are ready to help. 一些大学生很乐于帮忙。
college students 大学生 ‚go to college 上大学
ƒbe ready to do sth 乐意/准备干某事=be willing to do sth
例： One of my classmates is always ready to help other students. 我的一个同班同学一直很乐于帮助其他同学。
6. Some of them often visit the old people and do some shopping for them. 他们中一些人经常拜访这些老人并帮他们买些东西。
①　 visit 参观，拜访 visitor 游客 例： 参观长城 visit the Great Wall
来自日本的许多游客A lot of visitors from Japan
②　 do some shopping 意为“买些东西，购物”“do+some+ving”短语表示一些笼统而不明指的事
例： do some cleaning 做些打扫 do some reading 读些东西 do some washing 洗些东西
7. You're lucky to live in a neighbourhood like that,Simon.你住在一个像那样的社区真的很幸运，西蒙。
①　 lucky（adj.）---luck (n.) ---luckily (adv.) be lucky to do sth 意为“很幸运做某事”
例： Luckily _(luck), I could get the last ticket to the concert.
②　 good luck to sb with sth 祝某人某事好运
8 They help us with all kinds of problems. 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。
help sb with sth 帮助某人解决某种困难 帮助某人做某事 help sb do sth
with the help of… 在…的帮助下
Grammar
一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）
1.定义：表示将来发生的动作或情况
2.三种结构：(1).will+动词原型 (2).shall+动词原形 (3).be going to +动词原形
He will play cards with his brother this evening.
I shall meet my friends in the park tomorrow.
She is going to visit her uncle next Monday.
3.否定句和疑问句
否定句：will/shall+not+do(won't/shan't+do) am/is/are+not+going to+do
疑问句：Will/Shall+主语+do; Am/Is/Are+主语+going to do
①School will be over in two hours. →School will not be over in two hours.→ Will school be over in two hours?
We shall take a bus to school next week. →Shall we take a bus to school next week?
②The policemen are going to catch the thief this afternoon. →The policemen aren't going to catch the thief this afternoon.
→Are the policemen going to catch the thief this afternoon?
4.常用的时间状语
A. 由tomorrow 组成的，如：tomorrow morning/evening明天早晨、晚上
the day after tomorrow 后天
B. 由next组成的，如：next Tuesday/Sunday 下周二/日
C. 由this 组成的，如：this afternoon/evening 今天下午/晚上
D. 由the coming组成的，如：the coming Sunday 下个星期天
这些表时间的单词或短语的前面都不能加介词
E. 由in组成的，如：in two hours 在2小时内， in a few days 在几天内
in the future 在未来
5. 几点注意：
A. shall 和will 还可以表示征求对方意见或询问情况
Shall I open the window? Will you go shopping with me tonight?
B. Will you please …?表示客气地请求或邀请，意思是“请您……好吗？”
Will you please close the door? It's so cold outside.
C. there be 句型的将来时
There will be+名词/there be going to be+名词
There will be a sports meeting in my school.=There is going to be a sports meeting in my school.
There will be three football matches next week.=There are going to be three football matches next week.
1 They are going to bring some water.
Bring
Take
Carry
2 How about your uncle？
How about =what about doing sth 向对方询问、介绍、打听情况
3 He is going to make a fire.
Fire 火 可数名词
make a fire 生火
put out a fire 灭火
Integrated skills
1. What are you going to be in the future? 你将来想干什么？
§ in the future, “将来”用于一般将来时，指较长的将来一段时间
例：What will life be like in the future?未来的生活会是什么样子呢？
I'd like to be teacher in the future? 将来我想当一名教师。
2. I'm sure you'll be good at it. 我确定你将会做好它的。
be sure to do sth 肯定做某事 We are sure to win. 我们肯定会赢。
‚be sure +that 从句 We are sure he will come to help us.
ƒsure (adv.) 意为“当然可以”=certainly 例： ---May I use your bike?---Sure./Certainly.
3. That sounds like a good idea.
 sound like 听起来像
sound 作连系动词时，意为“听起来”其后一般接形容词作表语
例：The music sounds beautiful.音乐听起来很美
4. I want to help sick people. 我想要帮助病人。
①病的=ill be sick=be ill例：Jack didn't come to school, because he was sick/ill.
②恶心的 例：Please open the window. I feel a little sick.
③be sick of…… 厌倦……，腻烦…… 例：I am sick of reading the same book every day.
注意：sick 可以修饰名词，如： a sick boy 一个生病的男孩，但ill 不可作定语
5 job与work
Work与job做名词是同义词，都有“工作、职业”意思
区别：
（1） job是可数名词，指特定工作。Work是不可数名词，泛指工作。
（2） 上班翻译成go to work 不能说go to a job
（3） Job只能做名词，work还可做动词，不仅有“上班、工作”意思，还有“努力、从事”意思。
6 elder与older
elder为形容词older的比较级形式，意为“年长的”，同时old还有一个比较级older。注意二者的区别。
（1） older通常用于比较两个人的年龄大小或者两个物体之间的新旧程度。
（2） elder专用于同一个家庭成员之间的年幼对比，也有时指职位、身份较高的人，且只能用于形容人。
7 by+交通方式 表示交通方式的几种表达
（1）用“by+交通工具名词”表示交通方式 by car by bus
(2) by +交通路线的位置 by water by sea by air
(3) in/on +冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词+交通工具名词 in多用于car等交通工具之前，on多用在bike/horse/bus/train/ship等交通工具之前
（4） take+ a/the + 交通工具名词
Task
1. Do you have any problems? 你们有困难吗？
补充：have problems with sth 例： Do you have problems with your homework?
have problems in doing sth 例：Do you have problems in doing your homework?
2. Please look at the information below. 请看一下信息。
◎ information 不可数名词 同义词news 但news是新闻，消息的意思，主要强调“新”
短语： a piece of information // two pieces of information
例：Just search the Internet, and you can get almost all the _____A____you need.
A. informations B. information C. picture D. story
◎below (prep.) 在……下面,(adv.) 下面---- 反义词above
例句：The temperature is going to be below zero tomorrow.
There is a bridge below the waterfall. 在瀑布下游有一座桥。
Look at the sights down below. 看下面的景色。
( )In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _B____ zero all day.
A above B below C over D under
3. Are you not feeling well these days? 这些天你感到不舒服吗？
◎ Feel well 指身体感觉舒服，没有毛病，这里well是形容词，“身体好的，健康的”
反义词组feel sick, feel good “内心感觉好，有信心”
例： You may feel well after you take this medicine.你服下这个药后可能会感觉舒服的。
4. They will make you feel better!他们将使你感觉好些。
◎ make sb do sth 使某人做某事 He made me stay with him.
◎Make sb/sth+形容词 “使某人/某物……” He tried to make them happy.
5. Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?你正为聚会穿什么或怎样设计你的家而苦恼吗？
①　 worry about sb/sth= be worried about sb/sth 担心某人/某事或为某人/某事担心
例：Don't worry about your son. =Don't be worried about your son.
②　 worry+sb 使某人烦恼/顾虑 The new work worries him so much.
③　 what to wear / how to design your home 是“疑问句+不定式结构”，作worry about 的宾语。
6. They will be happy to give you some ideas. 他们很乐意为你提供主意。
①　 be happy to do sth 乐意做某事=be willing to do sth/ be ready to do sth/ be glad to do sth
例：I will always be happy to help you. 我将一直乐意帮你。=I will always be ready to help you.
7 all our group members 所有的组员
8 notices
动词：注意到
名词：告示，通知
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