高中英语状语从句讲解及练习.doc

状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语，可分为：时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。
一、 时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, as, while, until, not…until, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。
1． When , while, as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。
1) When
Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest.
注意点：
when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。
Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.
2) As
As 除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面```一面”，“随着”
Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面```一面)
You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着)
3) While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。
Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest.
While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.
注意点：
while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。
eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.
2． until, not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。
肯定句：I waited until midnight.
否定句：I did not leave until midnight.
注意点：
1）not until…在句首，主句用倒装
eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.
2) It is not until…that…引导的强调句
It was not until it was dark that he came back.
3. the minute, the moment, each time都可表示“一```就```”
eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.
注意点：
the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first) time作连词不和when 连用。
4．Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as表示为“一```就```”
eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
It began to rain as soon as I got home.
注意点：Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than位于句首，主句用倒装
eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
二 条件状语从句
条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, even if/though, unless/ if …not, as long as/ so long as, as far as/so far as, provided/providing (that), on condition that 等。条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。
1. unless 和if…not
unless 相当于if…not
eg: You will fail unless you study hard.
You will not fail if you study hard.
注意点：
在虚拟条件句中可用if…not，但不能用unless
eg: If she were not too silly,she would understand.
2． 引导条件状语从句的其它连词：
Eg: You may go there ,as long as you keep quite.
Eg: I shall give you the book on condition that you return it tomorrow.
Eg: I will go provided that you go too.
三 让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：though, although, even if/ though, however, no matter how, no matter what, no matter who等。
1． though, although不可与but连用，但可以和yet , still连用.
Eg: Though/Although it is raining ,they are still running outside.
注意点：
1） though可引导倒装(although不引导倒装)，结构为：
强调对象+as/though+主语+其它成分，强调对象可为表语（名词、形容词）或状语（副词），表语为名词时，前面不用冠词。
Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Tired as he is, he goes on with his work.
2） despite 和 in spite of 也有让步意义，后接名词或动词，而though, although是连词，后接从句。
Eg: Despite /In spite of wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.
Though/although she wanted to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.
2. “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”
eg: No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
注意点：no matter+疑问词不能引导名词性从句
3. even if/ though表示“即使”
eg: He doesn’t want to marry her even if/ though he loves her very much.
四 原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词有：because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that,owing to the fact that等
1．because
because语气最强，通常用于回答why 提出的问题
注意点：
在it was…that…的强调结构中，强调原因状语从句可用because引导，不用since,as, for引导。
Eg: It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation.
2. since和as
since的语气比because 弱，比as强，表示间接的，已知的原因，自然的结果，表示“既然，由于”。
Eg: As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.
3．for
当for表示原因关系时，for分句是对第一分句内容的推断或猜测。
Eg: It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.
五 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有： so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。
Eg: You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
注意点：lest, in case, for fear that所引导的状语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为should+动词原形，也可不用虚拟语气，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。
Eg: You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.
六 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有： so that, so…that, such…that等
eg: He is so young that he can not go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can not go to school.
1．常用句型：
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句
such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
such +形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句
2． so和such的搭配规律
such修饰名词或名词词组，so修饰形容词或副词,so还可接many, few, much, little等。
Eg: so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people

七 比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有：as…as, than, not so…as, the more…the more等
如：
He speaks English as fluently as his brother (does)
I can’t jump so /as high as he (does)
There are more workers in this factory than in the one next to it .
The more you read, the more interesting , you will find the novel is .
连接词than 可作为关系代词用。　　如：
He wrote more than was necessary
Don’t carry more money than is needed

八地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有:where, wherever以及 where构成的复合词等
eg: She found her calculator where she lost it.
Wherever I am, I will miss you.
注意点：
eg: I happened to see your dictionary lie where I used it last time.（地点状语从句）
I happened to see your dictionary lie in the lab where I used it last time.（定语从句）

九 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连接词有as, just as, as if / though（一般用虚拟语气，　也有用直陈语气的）等。
EG：Just do as you are told.
The workers went on working as if nothing had happened.
He talked to the girl as though he had fallen in love with her.
在just as ---, so --- 结构中，　as 带有比喻含义。　意为“正如”，　多用于正式文体。　
EG：Just as some people like sports, so some people like music.
the way 也可引导方式状语从句　。　
EG：you should operate the machine the way I do .

基础题
1. We'd better hurry ______ it is getting dark.
A. and B. but C. as D. unless
2. I didn' t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.
A. until B. unless C. when D. before
3._____ he comes, we won't be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
4. I hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
5. _____ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
A. Every time B. Though C. Even D. Where
6. What's the matter _____ they still haven't answered the telegram?
A. when B. that C. though D. however
7. Bring it nearer _____ I may see it better.
A. although B. even though C. so that D. since
8. You may arrive in Beijing early _____ you mind taking the night train.
A. that B. though C. unless D. if
9. Helen listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what she needed.
A. in that B. in order that C. in case D. even though
10. More people will eat out in restaurants _____ they do today.
A. than B. when C. while D. as
11._____ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
A. Much B. However C. As D. Although
12. Poor _____ it may be, there is no place like home, _____ you may go.
A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever
13. The child was __ immediately after supper.
A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bed
C. so tired that he went to bed D. very tired, he went to bed
14. The history of nursing __ the history of man.
A. as old as B. is old than C. that is as old as D. is as old as
15. _____ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.
A. Since B. Once C. When D. Although
16._____ we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible.
A. As B. Although C. Unless D. In spite of
17. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens _____ his father died.
A. than B. as C. while D. when
18. _____ David goes, he is welcome.
A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever
19. The house stood _____ there had been a rock.
A. which B. at which C. when D. where
20. Small _____ it is, the pen is a most useful tool.
A. because B. so C. if D. as
21. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _____ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
22. The piano in the other shop will be _____, but _____.
A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good
23. John plays football _____, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
24. Although he is considered a great writer,
A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read
C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read
25. ___ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
26.—What was the party like?
—Wonderful. It' s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. when C. before D. since
27. It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then   
28. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
29. After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
30._____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
1-5 CABBA 6-10 BCCBD 11-15 BACDD 16-20 ADCDD 21-25 CCBAD 26-30 DBCBD

提高题
1. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach. （2008全国I卷）
A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that
2. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.
-----Ok, ______ you make it short. （2008安徽卷）
A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time
3. All the neighbor admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008安徽卷）
A. why B. where C. which D. that
4. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. （2008福建卷）
A. that B. which C. when D. where
5. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. （2008湖南卷）
A.     If B. While C. Because D. As
6. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. （2008山东卷）
A. though B. for C. but D. so
7. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it. （2008山东卷）
A. even if B. which C. where D. so that
8. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. （2008辽宁卷）
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However
9. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. （2008辽宁卷）
A. once B. when C. since D. although
10. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage. (2008全国II)
A. once B. because C. if D. unless
11. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down. (四川卷)
A. when B. until C. that D. where
12. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure. （2008浙江卷）
A. whether B. after C. how D. unless
13. —Did you return Fred’s call? （2008北京卷）
—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when D. because
14. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. （2008北京卷）
A. before B. since C. till D. after
15. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold. （2008天津卷）
A. since B. if C. unless D. until
16. ---Are you ready for Spain？(2008上海卷)
--Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young.
A. while B. until C. if D. before
17. ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. (2008上海卷)
A. however B. whatever C. no matter D. although
18. ____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. [2007 全国卷II] 
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When
19. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. [2007 上海卷]
A. as B. that C. which D. where
20. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully. [2007 上海卷]
A. though B. before C. until D. if
1-5BCBCB 6-10 BCDBD 11-15ADDAC 16-20 AAABD