高中英语阅读之推理判断题的解题技巧.doc

高考阅读理解专题： 推理判断题的解题技巧
推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题:

一. 推断隐含意义或深层意义
1. 这类题干中通常含有learn( ), infer( ), suggest( ), imply( ), conclude（ ）, indicate( )等标志性词语, 常见的提问方式有：
1)．We can know from the passage that ________．
2). We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．
3)．The passage/author implies/suggests that ______．
4)．It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
5)．The underlined sentence indicates that ________

2. 解题技巧
①针对细节推断: 在原文中找到相关的信息源--- 对具体内容分析-- 推理判断得出结论
实例1： Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle."
1. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle ________.
A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.

②针对主题思想: 以主题为核心----- 分析逻辑关系----- 得出结论
实例2：In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.
While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms.
1. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. More time should be spent on computers.
B. Children should be forbidden to watch TV.
C. TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms.
D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done.

二、推断作者观点或态度 
1. 题干中通常含有attitude, view ,opinion,, in the author’s opinion/mind等标志性词语。提问方式:
1)．The author seems to be in favor of/against ______．
2)．The author may probably agree with/support ________．
3)．What's the author's opinion about...?
4)．In the author's opinion...?

2. 解题技巧
注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
如overestimate (高估), luckily, unexpectedly, pity, certain等。
表达作者态度和观点的形容词常有：objective（ ），subjective（ )，neutral（ ）；positive （ ） negative（ ）approval （ ），disapproval（ ），ironic（ ）indifferent（ ），critical（ ），cautious（ ） optimistic（ ），pessimistic（ ）等。
3. 实例3：
Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，I’m sick of all the bad news.
1. This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____.
A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform

三. 推断文段作用或作者写作意图
1. 提问方式:
1)．The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ________．
2)．The passage is meant to ________．
3)．The author's purpose is to show ________．
4)．The purpose of the article is to ________．
2. 解题技巧
①不同的文段在全文中可能会起到：引言/介绍（introduction），举例(example)，对比(comparison)，反衬（contrast）, 结论（conclusion）,评论（comment）,背景（background）,论证（demonstration）等作用。
②作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种。
解答此类题时主要有两种方法：
1．主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。
2．文体推断法：根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。如记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱乐读者；夹叙夹议的文章，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；广告和议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普说明文或新闻报告，其目的是告知读者某些信息。

3. 实例4 ： “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.
1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves
B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance  
D. invite the readers to answer them

四．推断文章出处和来源
1. 提问方式
1)．The text is most likely to be taken from ________．
2)．Where does the text probably come from?
3)．Where can we most probably read this text?
2). 解题技巧
这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：①报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。② 广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。③产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。④网站：文中会出现click（点击），online（在线）, web（网络）, website（网址）等字眼。
3. 实例5：
Don’t wander aimlessly through life. Get focused on your goals, start helping others in need, and live life to the fullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what you’ve been missing. Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free e-books, too! Read hundreds of articles while you’re there in the article section, which is updated daily.
1. This text must be taken from ___________
A. a radio program B. a website C. a newspaper D. a TV program

五. 推断目标读者
推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。
1. 提问方式
1)．The passage is probably written for ________．
2)．Who is the passage written for?
3)．The text is written mainly for ________．
2. 解题技巧
解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。
3. 实例6： Exploit your parking space
An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport，you could make anything up to ￡200 or ￡300 a week. Put an advertisement (广告) for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark.
Rent(出租) a room
Spare room? Not only will a lodger(房客) earn you an income，but also，thanks to the government-backed “rent a room” program，you won't have to pay any tax on the first ￡4，500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.
Make money during special events
Don't want a fulltime lodger? They rent on a short-term basis. If you live in the capital，renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space.
1. For whom is the text most probably written?
A．Lodgers. B．Advertisers. C．House owners. D．Online companies.

即学即练
1．When I was a teenager，my mother's broken English embarrassed me. But now，I see it differently. To me，my mother's English is perfectly clear，perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things，expressed ideas，and made sense of the world.
What does the author think of her mother's English now?
A．It confuses her. B．It embarrasses her.
C．It helps her understand the world. D．It helps her tolerate rude people.

2．When I put on my flashlights，I was saying to other drivers，“I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times，I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn't get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.
What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?
A．They speeded up to pass. B．They waited with patience.
C．They tried their best to help. D．They put on their flashlights too.

3．Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don't feel that way.But those are few and far between. More often，it would be better if we don't pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.
In this passage，the author advises us to___________.
A．handle problems by ourselves B．accept help from others
C．admit our weakness D．show our bravery

4．However，it wasn't all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes，while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example，when a cat turns its head away，it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission.
Some cats and dogs may fight when________．
A．they are cold to each other B．they look away from each other
C．they misunderstood each other's signals D．they are introduced at an early age

5．The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets─to people who don't get along，including neighbors，colleagues at work，and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance.
What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?
A．We should learn to live in harmony. B．We should know more about animals.
C．We should live in peace with animals. D．We should learn more body languages.

6. Cold weather can be hard on pets，just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out，stay outside with them. When you're cold enough to go inside，they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time，make sure they have a warm，solid shelter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of nonfrozen water.
What is the purpose of this text?
A．To solve a problem. B．To give practical advice.
C．To tell an interesting story. D．To present a research result.

7. It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr. Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I've never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
What does the author think about Dr. Frederic Truby King?
A．He is strict. B．He is unkind.
C．He has the wrong idea. D．He sets a timetable for mothers.

8. The position was offered at the last minute，and I was given two weeks to prepare，a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包)and standing before my full-length mirror，repeating the words，“Hello，class. I'm Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12-year-old boy.
What can we learn about the author from the Paragraph?
A．He would be aggressive in his first class.
B．He was well-prepared for his first class.
C．He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.
D．He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

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