裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记完整版.doc

裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记完整版

΄1）v. 原谅
΄eg. Excuse me.
请原谅，劳驾。
2）n. 借口
΄eg. It΄s an excuse.
΄me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。）
΄eg. He loves me.
他爱我.
΄eg. She cheats me.
他骗我.
΄eg. Please tell me.
他告诉我.
Excuse me 的用法
这个短语经常被译作“对不起”，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作“劳驾”。
1） 为了要引起别人的注意
΄eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag?
2） 要打扰某人或要打断别人 话
΄eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question?
3) 向陌生人问路
΄eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station?
4) 向某人借东西
΄eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen?
5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路
΄eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me?
6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿
eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while?

΄sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示“对不起”。
1） 请问几点了？
΄eg. Excuse me. What time is it?
2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。
΄eg. Sorry. 或者 I΄m sorry!
3) 对不起，我先失陪一下
΄eg. Excuse me.
4) 误解了别人的意思
΄eg. Sorry.
΄yes
1) adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答）
΄eg. Are you mad?
--Yes, I am.
2)经常用于应答，表示“什么事”。
΄eg. Excuse me?
请问/劳驾？
---Yes?
什么事？
΄is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数
΄be : is am are
΄is 用于单数名词或单数第三人称代词。
΄eg. He is a student.
他是一个学生。
΄eg. That΄s an egg.
那是一个鸡蛋。（That΄s= That is）
΄eg. This is a pen.
这是一支钢笔。
΄your 你的，你们的（物主代词后面加名词）
΄your key 你的钥匙
΄eg. This is your key.
这是你的钥匙。
΄eg. That is your book.
那是你的书。
΄your room 你们的房间
΄eg. That is your room.
那是你们的房间。
΄pardon 原谅，请再说一遍
΄pardon=pardon me=I beg your pardon?
能再说一遍吗？
΄eg. Is this your pencil?
这是你的铅笔吗？
--Yes, it is.
是的，它是。（it 指代 pencil）
΄thank you 感谢你（们）
2） you 代词（你， 你们）
主格-----作主语
΄eg. You are a good student.
你是一个好学生。
宾格------作宾语
΄eg. Thank you.
谢谢你（们）
΄eg. I miss you.
我想你（们）。
΄very much 非常地
΄eg. Thank you very much.
非常感感
΄eg. I love you very much.
我非常爱你。

. Grammar
1. 一般疑问句;
把系动词be(is, am, are) 置于句首
΄eg. This is a handbag.
这是一个手提包。（肯定句）
΄eg. Is this a handbag.
---Yes, it is. (肯定回答)
（it 代handbag）
---No, it is΄t.(否定回答)
2. 否定句：把not 加在系动词的后面
΄is not = isn΄t
΄am not
΄are not
΄eg. This is not my handbag.
小结
1. Excuse me .
对不起，劳驾。
2. Pardon?
请再说一遍。
3. Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
΄watch
1) n. 手表
΄eg. My watch is new.
我的手表是新的。
΄eg. Is that your new watch?
---Yes , it is.
2) v 看
΄watch TV
΄house 房子

Exercise B
Look at the situations. What expression do you use for each?
1. You don΄t hear something very clearly. What do you say?
当你没有听清楚别人的说话时，你应该说：
Pardon?
I beg your pardon?
Pardon me?
2. If you what to leave for a little while in the meeting. What do you say?
会议中途你想离开一会儿，你应该说:
Excuse me
3. When you step on one΄s foot, what do you say?
当你不小心踩了别人的脚时，应该说：
Sorry.
4. When someone helps you. What do you say?
当别人帮助了你，你应该说
Thank you
Thank you very much

小结
含有系动词is 的句型转换
1. 陈述句 This is …..
That is….
2.一般疑问句 Is….?
3.肯定回答：Yes , it is
Yes , she is
4.否定回答：No, it isn’t .
No, she isn’t.
5. 否定句：系动词后面加not.

语音
中元音：[Λ]—u o ou
口腔几乎全开，嘴唇成自然状态，短音。
‘up 向上 shut 关上 cup 茶杯 bus 公共汽车 much 许多 lunch
‘son 儿子 honey 亲爱的人 money 钱 other 其它的
‘enough 足够的 cousin 侄子 young 年轻的
Read these sentences:
1. You shut up. 你闭嘴。
2. My son has much money. 我儿子有许多钱。
3. His son always comes here for money. 儿的儿子总是来这儿要钱。
4. Her young cousin has enough money for the lunch.她的小侄 子有足够的钱付这顿午餐。
中元音:[ə:]—ir ur or er ear
口腔半开，嘴唇成自然状态，长音。
‘bird 鸟 first 第一 girl 女孩 dirty 脏的 shirt 衬衫
‘turn 翻转 church 教堂nurse 护士burn 燃烧
‘work 工作 worm 虫子 word 单词 world 世界 worse 更坏的
‘verb 动词 mercy 同情
‘early earth search
Read these sentences;
1. This nurse wears a dirty shirt 这位护士穿了一件脏裙子。
2. It’s the early bird that catches the worm.早起的鸟有虫吃。
3. This girl works in the church.
中元音:[ə] ---er
‘worker teacher sister brother
‘about arrive among
1. Her sister is a teacher.
2. This famous doctor arrives in the city.
3. His sister wants some sugar.

New words and expressions
‘please
1) 请（可置于句首，也可置于句末）
Come in please=Please come in
Sit down please=Please sit down
2) 求求你（重读）
‘eg. Don’t tell my mother about it, please! 不要把这件事告诉我的妈妈，求求你了。
‘eg. Help me, please! 帮帮我，求求你了。
‘here adv. 这里
‘there adv. 那里
‘eg. Come here. 到这儿来。
‘eg. Go there. 到那儿去。
‘here 与 there 置于句首时，后面主谓要倒装。
‘eg. Here is my ticket.
(here放置于句首，后面的系动词is 在主语my ticket的前面)
正常语序：My ticket is here.
‘
‘my pron. 我的（物主代词不可以单独使用后面要加名词）
Her boyfriend is very rich.她的男朋友很有钱。
Welcome to our school.欢迎到我们学校来。
‘ticket n. 票
‘an air ticket
‘a train ticket
‘a bus ticket
‘a cinema ticket
Here is my air ticket

‘number n.号码
‘telephone number 电话号码
‘number + 基数词 第….
‘number one 第一
‘number two
I am number one.
‘lesson five 第五课
‘day five 第五天
‘five +可数名词复数形式 五个…
(表示数量为两个以上的名词都要用复数形式，即在词尾要加s)
‘five handbags 五个手提包’
‘sorry 常用于对自己所犯的过失表示道歉
Excuse me .打扰别人时说的客套话。
I’m sorry,. I broke yourglass.
Excuse me. May I ask you a question?
‘sir n. 先生
表示对不相识的男子，年长者或上级的一种尊称，一般单独便用，后面不与姓氏连用。
Excuse me, sir.
Thank you, sir.
Can I help you, sir?
Mr. 也是“先生”的意思，但与sir的用法上有所不同，Mr..必须与姓氏连用，不可单独便用。
Mr. Zhang.
Test
Question:
Does the man get his umbrella back? 这位男士有没有要回他的雨伞?

My coat and my umbrella please.
此句省略了动词give(给)
‘give sb sth 把某物给某人
（sb 是somebody 的缩写，表示“某人”）
（sth 是 something的缩写，表示“某物”）
Give me my coat and my umbrella please.
Here is my ticket
此句为倒装句，副词here/three置于句首时，主谓要倒装。
正常语序：My ticket is here.
Here’s your umbrella and your coat.
‘and 表示“和”，是连词，连接两个并列成份，位置可以互换。
My father and my mother.
Is this your umbrella?
此句为一般疑问句。含有系动词be 的陈述句变成一般疑问句，把系动词置于句首，句号变问号，用升调。
Is this her can?
Yes, it is.
Is this it ? = Is this your umbrella?
‘it 指your umbrella,由于前面提到了umberlla, 所以后面就用it 来代替，以免重复。
I want a man’s suit. 我想要一套男装。
‘at school 在学校求学
Her son is at school.
她的儿子在学上校上学。
‘go to school 去上学
My son is very strong.
My daughter is very lovely.我的女儿非常可爱。
我妈妈的那套衣服不是黑色的。
My mother’s(名词所有格) suit isn’t black.

Lesson five
语音：
后元音（五个）; 用舌的后部感觉发音。
[a:] 口腔全开，嘴唇成自然装态，不扁也不圆，长音。
‘ar car hard star park farm dark party start
‘a fast past father
‘ear heart
‘al half
1. You can’t park your car on the farm.
2. The party starts at half past ten.
3. I can’t see the stars in the dark sky.
[C]发音时舌尖要离开下齿龈，口形椭圆，肌肉放松，短音。
闭音节单词中o
‘job clock long stop lost got boss hot
‘a watch water
1. She lost that job, but she got this job.
2. The clock often stops.
[C:]
‘or born sport horse short
‘al all tall fall wall talk
‘aw paw law draw
‘au
‘augh taught caught
Lesson five
Mr. 先生（不可单独使用）
Mr. + 姓氏
Mr. lee
Mr. zhang
‘sir 先生
可以单独使用，是对上级，长者，或陌生男性的尊称。Sir 后面不能加姓氏。
Thank you, sir.
Sorry, sir.
Can I help you, sir?
‘good adj. 好
反义词 bad adj. 坏的
This is a good book.
She is a good teacher.
‘morning n. 早晨
‘afternoon n. 下午
‘evening n. 晚上
‘night n. 夜里
Good morning.
Good afternoon,
Good evening
Good night
‘in the morning 在早上
‘in the afternoon 在下午
‘in the evening 在晚上
‘at night 在夜里
Miss 小姐（一般指未婚女性）
Miss + 姓氏
Miss Lee
Mrs. 太太（己婚女性）
Mrs. +丈夫的姓氏
Mrs. Black 布莱克太太(其丈夫姓Black)
Ms. 女士（对未知婚姻状况者的称谓）
Ms. Lee 李女士
英语国家人名的构成：
‘first name + middle name + aurname
名字 中间名 姓
‘new adj. 新的
反义词 old adj. 旧的
That is my new shirt.
Is this your old dress?
French n. 法国人（国籍）;法语
‘adj. 法国的
Miss Lee is French.
I can speak French.
He is a French student.

France n. 法国（国名）
I come from France.
I am from France.

German n. 德国人（国籍）;德语
‘adj. 德国的
Are you German?
He can speak German.
Is Miss Sophie Dupont a German student?

Germany [‘dVə:məmi ] n.德国（国名）
‘meet v 遇见，碰见
Nice to meet you
这是非正式场合下初次见面时的客套用语。
回答也应为：
Nice to meet you, too.
在正式场合中
How do you do? 你好
回答也是
How do you do?
Japanese n. 日本人（国籍），日语
‘adj. 日本的
Japan n. 日本（国名）

Korean n. 韩国人（国籍）; 韩国语
‘adj. 韩国的
Korea n. 韩国（国名）

Chinese n.中国人（国籍）; 汉语
‘adj. 中国的
China n. 中国（国名）
China is a big country.

‘too adv. 也
用在肯定和疑问句中。否定句中用either, too 和 either 一般都放在句末，并且用逗号隔开。
Miss Dupont is French, too.
Mrs. Lee is not German, either.
Good morning.
也可以直接用hello 问好。
This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Sophie is a new student. She is French.
“This is + 姓名” 是把一个人介绍给另一个人时用的句型。
向别人介绍自己时：
My name is 或者是 I am.
He is German=He is from Germany.
Nice to meet you.
用于非正式场合的初次见面。
回答：
Nice to meet you, too.

‘make
1) n. (产品的)牌号
My shirt is a Korean make.
我的衬衫是韩国牌子的。
What make is your car?
2) v. 制造，做
make a car
‘make a model plane.

Swedish n. 瑞典人（国籍）
‘adj. 瑞典的
Sweden n. 瑞典 （国名）
Sweden is in Europe.
瑞典在欧洲。
English adj.英国的
‘英语， 英国人
England n. 英格兰， 英国

American adj. 美国的
‘n 美国人
America n. 美国

Italian adj. 意大利的
‘意大利人，意大利语
Italy n. 意大利（国名）

选择疑问句
Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher?
She isn’t a Chinese teacher. She is a Japanese teacher.

‘name 姓名
My name is ….
Your name is …
His name is …
Her name is…
My name is Wendy.
I am …
含系动词的特殊疑问句结构：
特殊疑问句+系动词+主语？
What color is his shirt?
What is your name?

‘nationality n. 国籍

What nationality are you?
你是哪国人？
Where are you from?
Where do you come from?
‘job 工作
What is your job?
What do you do?
你的工作是什么？

Lesson nine
‘how 怎么样 (特殊疑问词)
‘how many 多少（可数名词复数）
How many students?
‘how much 多少（不可数名词，价格）
How much tea?
How much is the handbag?
‘how long 多长时间
How long have you been in China?
‘how often 多经常（频率）
How often do you take a bath?
‘how far 多远（距离）
How far is it from here?
‘how soon 多久
I am leaving for Shanghai on business.
How soon will you come back?

‘well
1) adv. 好（修饰动词）
He cooks well.
He dose well in English.
3) adj. 身体好
How are you, today?
I am well. Thank you, and you?
‘see 表示结果
‘look 强调动作过程
Look at the blackboard.
‘watch 看，注视（所看画面是移动的）

Nice to meet you.
(初次见面时打招呼用语)
Nice to see you.
(相互认识的人见面时打招呼用)

This is our classroom.
Whose classroom is this？
Whose is this classroom?
形容词性物主代词是修饰名词的，所以后面必须加名词。
This suit is my. (错语)
This suit is mine. (正确)
名词性物主代词必须单独使用，后面不再接名词。名词所有格是在词尾加’s。这种形式即具有形容词性，也具有名词性。

Whose shirt is this?
This is Wendy’s(作形容词性物主代词来用) skirt.=This is her skirt.

Whose is this skirt?
This skirt is Wend’s. =This skirt is hers.

Your car is red; mine is blue.
‘mine =my car
I have my way, and she has hers.
我有我的处事方式，她有她的。
‘whose 引导的特殊疑问句即可用形容词性物主代词回答，也可用名词性物主代词回答。
Whose house is this?
This is our house. = This house is ours.

‘perhaps=maybe 可能
Perhaps it will rain.
Perhaps it is his car.

‘catch v.
1) 接住
Catch
2) 逮住，捕获
‘catch a thief
3) 染上（疾病
‘catch a cold

‘father=Dad
‘mather=Mum
‘parents: father and mother
His parents is in Germany.
(his parent 复数，故系动词用are)

What make
What make is your watch?
‘come v. 来
‘go v. 去
Come on; let’s go swimming.
来吧，我们去游泳。
Come on; stop day-dreaming.
得了，拜托，别再做白日梦了。
Come on; you’ll be fine.
没关系，你会没事的。

‘upstairs adv. 楼上
‘downstairs adv. 楼下
‘here there home abroad
地点副词前不可以加介词。
‘come here 不可以说成 come to here.
‘smart adj.
1) 漂亮的; 时髦的
Lucy’s blouse is smart.
Her hat is very smart
2) 聪明的; 机灵的
She is a smart student.
He is a smart businesman.

‘clever 聪 明的（指理解力）; 狡猾的
‘bright (多指小孩)
Your little son is so bright.
‘wise 理性的; 精明的（形容年纪较长者）

‘lovely 可爱的
Whose is this lovely hat?
Whose lovely hat is this?
It’s Ann’s (hat)
‘cute 小孩可爱
The baby is cute.

祁使句：谓语动词一般用原形，表示请求建议命令等。
Follow me
Shut the door, please
Be careful
Go and buy a new hat.
Wait and see

‘same 常与the 连用
表示同一的，相同的
‘the same age
The same city
We live in the same city.

‘friend n. 朋友
Are they your friends?
‘friendly adj.友好的
‘be friendly to sb 对….友好
She is friendly to me.(to 介词后面要接宾语)

2)在以“s”“x”“sh”“ch”结尾的单数名词变复数时，需在单词后面加“es”
‘bus buses dress dresses
3) 以元音字母加“y”结尾的单数名词变复数，我们在词尾加s
‘boy boys
以辅音字母加“y”结尾的单词，需把“y”去掉再加ies
‘fly flies baby babies
4) 以o结尾的单数名词变复数时有两种形式：其一是直接在词尾加s; 另一种是在词尾加es.
口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西经柿 +es
Negro(es) hero(es) potato(es) tomato(es)
其它则加s
‘photo(s)
5) 不规则变化
‘man men goose geese foot feet
(以f 或 fe 结尾的单数名词变成复数，一般把f或fe 变成v 再加es.)
‘knife knives

‘employee n. 雇员
‘employer n.雇 主
‘employ v.
‘employ sb.
‘employment n. 就业
‘unemployment n.失业
-ee 一般指动作的承受者，被动者
-er 一般指施动者，主动者
‘interview v. 采访; 面试
*interviewee n. 被面试者，被采访者
*interviewer n. 面试者，采访者.

*hard-working adj.勤奋的
Miss Smith is a hard-working employee. Smith小姐是一个勤奋的雇员。
*hard work n. 艰苦的工作（hard是adj., work是n.）
That is hard work. 那是一项艰苦的工作。（注意work当工作讲时是不可数名词因此前面不能加“a”）
*work hard v. 努力工作（work是v.，hard是adv.）
We work hard. 我们努力工作。
*sales reps 推销员
*sales rep (单数形式)
*rep representative n. 代表
*sales n. 销售
*sales representative 销售人员，销售代表
*sales person 销售人员
*salesman 男销售员
*saleswoman 女销售员
*man n. 男人 （单数） 人类 men
*woman n.女人 women
*office n. 办公室
*in the office 在办公室里
*assistant n.助手，助理
*assistant of the manager 经理助理
*office block 办公大楼
*officer 官员
*assist v. 援助

*who 引导的特殊疑问句
*who 引导的含有系动词的特殊疑问句的句型为：
*who is + 单数名词？
*who are + 复数名词？
Who is that fat man?
This conversation is between Mr. Jackson and Mr. Richards. Mr. Jackson is introducing the employees to Mr. Richards. Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.
What are Michael Baker and Jeremy Shot’s jobs?
Before we listen to the dialogue . Let’s practice these names.

Come and meet our employees, Mr. Richards.
祈使句(省略主语)：You come and meet our employees.
用来表示建议，命令，叮嘱等。
*this is 用来介绍他人
How do you do? 在正式场合下第一次见面时用语。回答也是：How do you do?
--- How are you? 朋友或相识的人之间见面时的询问身体状况的问候语。
--- I am fine. / I am well.

*matter n. 事情
What’s the matter? 怎么了？（用来询问发生了什么事）
What’s wrong?
What’s the matter with….?
What’s wrong with….? …..怎么了？

What’s the matter with your brother? 你的兄弟怎么了？

It doesn’t matter! 没事，没关系！常用在回复sorry这句话中
---- Sorry! I’m sorry!
---- It doesn’t matter!
*children n. 孩子们（复） child (单数)
--- Whose child is this?
--- This is her child.
--- Whose is this child?
--- This child is hers.
*tired adj. 累的，疲乏的
--- I’m tired. 我累了。
*tire out :completely tired 筋疲力尽了
*tireless 不知疲倦的
*less 是形容词后缀，具有否定意义。
--- a tireless worker 不知疲倦的工人
*thirsty adj. 渴的
---We are tired and thirsty.
*right adj.
1) 好的，可以
--- Let’s go upstairs and see my new blouse. 让我们上楼看我的新衬衫。
--- All right.
--I fell off the stairs. 我从楼梯上摔了下来。
-- Are you all right? 你还好吧？
---Yes, I am. 我还好，没什么事。
2） 右边，右边的
*left 左边，左边的
-- on the right
3) 正确的
-- That’s right. 对，没错（wrong）

*there be 结构
There be…. 某地有某物
There is + n. (可数单数名词或不可数名词) + 介词短语（状语）
There are + n. (可数复数名词) + 介词短语（状语）

介词(后面加名词)
*in 在…里面
--in the box
-- in the office
--in the room
*on 在… 上面
-- on the desk
-- on the book
-- on