考点详解版--高中英语动词时态语态讲解及练习全.doc

表格式一般现在时态和语态
一般现在时特点
要点内容

概念
一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态．

标志语
often，sometimes，always，usually等频率词连用， every day, every week, every month, every term, every year, once a week，twice a year，on Sundays,

谓语动词的时态构成
1 be动词的一般现在时 ：am is are（"是"）
2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：
（1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形
（2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es．
（温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句）
谓语动词语态构成形式
am ／ is ／are + 过去分词

温馨提示（重要考点）
1 表示位置转移的动词go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly, get等可用一般现在时表示按计划“即将”发生的动作，
2 在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用现在时表示将来时（即主将从现原则,一定要有两个句子）【常见主将从现的标志语有if, as soon as(一…就) unless(如果不when, before, until(直到…才)等从句标志语】

一 一般现在时
（一）定义：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.  The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.

（二）标志词：
always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever，every week (day, year, month…),
once /twice a week, on Sundays,
（三）谓语动词构成：
1 be动词的一般现在时 ：am is are（"是"， “在”）
2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：
（1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形
（2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es．
（温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句）
（四）.基本结构：
1，肯定句：主语+谓语（+其他的）
He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl.
（主语He是三单，又是肯定句，所以谓语动词发生变形，加上了s）
Tom and Tim both have medium height.
He has a big mouth. We like the dog very much.
2，否定句： 主语+don’t或者doesn’t+动词原形+其他 (在be或者后面加上do does)
Candy doesn’t do her housework every day. We don’t dance .
He isn’t a worker.
3，一般疑问句： Do (Does)+主语+动词原形+其他？（把be或者do does 提到主语的前面）
Does she like English? Yes,she does. No,she doesn’t.
Do you swim in summer? Are you a teacher?
4， 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句 Where does Tom come from?

（五) 一般现在时态用法
（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：
eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning.
（2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。
eg: He loves sports.
Jane is an outgoing girl.
Tom and Tim both have medium height.
（3）表示客观、普遍真理
eg: Two and four makes six.
Water boils at 100℃
The moon moves round the earth。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
（4） 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

（六）一般现在时态的考点：
考点一：表示永恒真理（结合宾语从句考点） 即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。
Our teacher said that the earth goes (go)around the sun yesterday.
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点二：一般现在时态表将来的情况
1. ：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词后面用现在时态表将来。
时间状语从句的标志语：
when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;
条件状语从句的标志语：if, unless, provided.
I will give it to him as soon as I see him tomorrow. 明天我一看见他就交给他。
He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。
Suppose he doesn’t agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办?
I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。
He will continue the work no matter what happens.
if he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
2：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
See to it that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了。
3：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时, 因为前者相当于条件状语从句
 The harder you study, the better results you will get.
4. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常有表示将来的时间状语。
如：The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20.
飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达上海。The meeting begins at 8:00 .
注意：只限于少数动词能这样用，如 begin, start, , end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open （一般都是瞬间动词这样用一般现在时表示将来的动作）等。
考点三：以here, there等开始的倒装句，动词多为go，come等，用一般现在时态表示动作正在进行。如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

二 一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：
考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。
be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于
He used to smoke a lot.
He has got used to getting up early.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise

三 现在进行时
（一） 现在进行时定义和标志语：
1. 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：
标志语：now, at this time, these days, look, listen，（做提示语的时候）It’s …o’clock,
The house is being built these days.
2. 或表感情色彩，加强语气。
标志语：频率副词always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
 We are having English class.  The little boy is always making trouble.
（二）谓语动词时态构成：am/is/are+doing
（三）谓语动词被态语态构成： am/is/are+being +done
助动词（am, is, are）只随主语变化。如下表：
I        am    
he,she,it       (包括单数名词) is   
you, we, they (包括复数名词)    are

（四） 句型变化：
1 肯定句：主语+助动词（am,is, are）+现在分词(v.-ing)+其它。
They are working in a factory these days.
2 否定句：主语+助动词（am,is, are）not+现在分词(v.-ing)+其它。
They aren’t working in a factory these days.
3 一般疑问句:一般疑问句把be提到主语前面。
Are they working in a factory these days.
4 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
What are they doing now?

(五)、现在进行时的基本用法：
1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情或者当前在发生的动作。
例如：We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
They are working in a factory these days.
More and more people are giving up smoking.
2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.
他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
3. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer.
4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往
往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?

(六) 、不用进行时的动词 （状态动词不用于进行时态，多用一般现在时态或者
其他时态）
(1)表示知道或者了解以及决定的词: accept,finish,give,,decide ,believe, ,know,
understand, want ,wish, think ,see, I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
(2).表示“看起来”“看上去" look, seem
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
(3)表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.love He likes apples.
(4)表示构成或来源的动词 be from,come from.
(5)表示感官的动词，系动词， sound ,smell, taste feel,
The music sounds interesting.
(6)表示拥有包括的动词need.own . belong to ,cost, have等。
I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.

考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。
多是表示位置转移的动词go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly, get等可用现在进行时表示已经确定或安排好的将来活动Marry is leaving on Friday.

谓语动词的时态构成
have/has (主语是三单)+ done
现在完成时的被动语态构成
have/has +been + done

温馨提示（重要考点）
1. 标志语和时态。
2. 和一般过去时，过去完成时的区别。
3.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
4.现在完成时的被动语态。
5.现在完成时常见两种句型：
①主语＋have / has been＋for短语
② It is＋一段时间＋ since从句 （一般过去时）
6. 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句是过去时，现在完成时态要变成过去完成时态。

四 过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
 He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night?
The radio was being repaired when you called me.

五 一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008
考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）
考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.
考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。
“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.

六 过去将来时
一、概念：表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表达。
过去将来时的基本特征，也就是我么年今天所谈到的“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。
例如：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane. 
玛丽告诉我说她将要坐飞机去上海。
二、基本构成—— 
A ) would + 动词原形 
如：He asked me if I would stay here.  他问我是否要待在这儿。
B ) was / were going to + 动词原形 
如：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.
没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。
C ) was/ were ( about ) to + 动词原形 
如：He said that they were to leave at six. 他说他们将于6点动身。
D)  come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。
三、基本用法
A)主句为过去时,宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。
an: Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事 We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言。
B)在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时,用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会
发生的事。
tn: It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just left school He was going to start to work the next week, so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes
一个星期天的下午,一位名叫玛丽亚的年轻人刚离开学校。为她准备下周开始工作,所以,决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子
C)过去将来时还可以用来表示非真实的动作或状态

七 现在完成时态
一、 概念：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
I have finished my homework .
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
I have lived here since 1990.
二 、标志词：见上表。
三、现在完成时态的谓语动词基本构成：have/has + done
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
四 、 现在完成时的四个基本句型：
（1）.肯定句：
主语+ has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其他的。
Mary has been ill for three days. You have talked.
He has been in the League for three years.
They have already finished their homework..
(2).否定句：主语+hasn’t(haven’t)+动词的过去分词+其他的。
He hasn’t returned from abroad You haven’t talked.
(3).一般疑问句：Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其他的？
Has Peter written six papers so far? Have you talked?
(4).特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？
How long has Thomas studied Russian?
五 、现在完成时的考点：
1 、九个重点标志语的用法
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾
I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾
I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?
③ever曾经 句中 Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 I have just done my work.
⑥before以前 句尾 I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止 So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久 How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?
2、三词组用法区别：
1）have<has>gone to“去了某地” He has gone to Beijing (人不在说话现场)
2）have<has>been to“去过某地” He has been to Beijing. (人在说话现场)
3）have<has>been in “去了某地”+for+时间段
He has been in Beijing for ten years. （他已经去北京十年了。）
3、两结构
for two months
for +一段时间
Jim has lived here for 2 months.
since last year
since +过去点时间
Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.
since 3 years ago
since 1990
since he came here
since +过去时态句子
He has been in China since he came here.
4、如果句子里没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5、现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型：
They have planted many trees in the last few years.
This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

考点：补充拓展
表示短暂意义的动词：come, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, die, join, finish, end, fall in等可以用完成时，但是不能表示过去已开始，持续到现在的完成时，不和for+时间段，since+过去时间，但可以表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词中的短暂性的动词。
(肯定句中非延续性动词不和for+时间段，since+过去时间连用，但是否定句和疑问句不受限制。)
He has arrived here.
不能说：He has arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )
可以说：He has been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )
It is ten minutes since he arrived here.
可以说： He hasn’t arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ).
Has he been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )?
He has died two years ago.(用since或者for改写句子)

如： 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book..
(1.去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago
(2.改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book.
= 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（3.改为固定句型 It is ---since-）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years.
（4.改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （since 3 years ago。）
（5.用延续性动词have代替buy）
7、 还有其他一次性动词也是如此，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不同
① come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
I have come here for 3 years.（错）
② leave/go →be away
He has left for 3 hours.（错）
③ begin/start →be on
The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）
④ open →be open / close → be closed
The shop has opened for 3 years.(错)
⑤ die →be dead
His father has died for 3 years.(错)
⑥ finish/end → be over
He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)
⑦ join → be in be a ….
I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.
⑧ buy /catch → have
I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）
He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）
⑨ borrow → keep
I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）
还有其它的归纳如下：
break → be broken The cup broke two weeks ago.
get up → be up Tom got up three hours ago.
marry → be married Lucy married last year.
become → be He become a famous writer ten years ago.

lose → be lost \ My mother lost her bag five months ago.

8、 延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn\ work\ stand\ lie\ know\ keep\ have\ wait\ watch\ sing\ read\ live
②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。
leave\ start\ set out\ arrive\ reach\ get to\ begin\ stop\ shut\ turn off\ marry\ put\ put on\ get up\ wake\ fall\ join\ meet\ receive\finish\ end\ complete\ become\ come\ go\ die\ open\ close\ break\ give\ jump\ buy\ borrow
9、终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）
补充材料：
考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点，肯定句谓语动词要用延续性动词
They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：
lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,
 Has it stopped raini