欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结.doc
《欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结.doc(18页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结1.希腊罗马Homer Author of epics Sappho Lyric poet三大悲剧家:Aeschylus Tragic dramatist Sophocles Tragic dramatist Euripides Tragic dramatist喜剧家:Aristophanes Comedy writer历史学家:Herodotus wrote about wars between Greeks and Persians Father of history Thucydides wrote about wars between Athens and
2、 Sparta and Athens and Syracuse the greatest historian that have ever lived哲学和科学:Pythagoras All things were numbers founder of scientific mathematics Heracleitue Fire is the primary element Democritus Materialist, one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory Socrates Dissect of oneself, virtue
3、 was high worth of life, dialectical method Plato Man have knowledge because of the existence of certain general ideasAristotle Direct observation, theory follow fact, idea and matter together made concrete individual realities Euclid a textbook of geometry Archimedes when a body is immersed in wate
4、r its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced “Give me a place to stand and Ill move the WorldOthers Diogenes (the Cynics) Pyrrhon(the Sceptics) Epicurus (the Epicureans) Zeno(the Stoics)4th century B.C。后半叶希腊在Alexander, king of Macedon的领导下,5th century B.C。达到顶峰,146 B。C.被罗马攻克2.基督教
5、和圣经Jews以前叫Hebrews,3800B。C。穿过中东沙漠,1300B.C.Moses带领Hebrews离开埃及,开始他们的Exodus,他在Sinai山定了ten commandments in the name of God,40年后Hebrews定居Pelestine, known as Canaan,Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament, 6th century B.C。,他们在Babylon形成synagogue(忧太集会)来发扬他们的教义。Jesus Christ生活在第一个罗马帝国Augustus, Emperor Constantine 1于
6、313年宣布基督教合法,Emperor Theodosius于392年宣布基督教为国教。Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament,旧约包含39本书,写了从1000B。C。100A。D。的事情,最重要的前五本是Pentateuch,旧约主要由Hebrew写成,the New Testment主要是Greek的形式,包含14本书,最古老的Latin Bible叫Vulgate,在1382年被John Wycliff翻译成了英语,Greek Bible叫Septuagint3.中世纪开始于476年西罗马帝国的衰败5-11世纪a period in which classic
7、al, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged 1054,教堂分裂为the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church反击Moslems,开始了Crusades Charles Martel给士兵们estates known as fiefs in 732 St。 Thomas Aquinas(Scholasticism)写了 Summa Theologica,这本书sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology他认为feudal hierarchy(层次,
8、等级) of society is Gods rule The power of feudal rulers is Gods will Pope is Christs Plenipotentiary Charlemagne and Alfred the Great encouraged learning by setting up monastery schools。 They copied various ancient books and translated the Latin works into the venacular Roger Bacon and Experimental S
9、cience one of the earliest advocates of scientific research, called for careful observation Dante(但丁) 神曲 one of the landmarks of world literature Chaucer first modern poet in English literature4.文艺复兴与宗教改革14th and 17th Century Starting in Florence and Venice Boccaccio the greatest achievement of pros
10、e fiction in中世纪Petrarch Sonnet, father of modern poetry文艺复兴早期的艺术家:Giotto forerunner of renaissance Brunelleschi showed a systematic use of perspective Donatello one of the first artists engaged in anatomy Giorgione made happy use of colour schemes to unify his pictures意大利文艺复兴全盛时期的四位艺术家:Da Vinci Mich
11、elangelo Raphael Known for his Titian Oil color the most prolific of the great Venetian painters of Western WorldPreLuther Religious Reformers John Wycliffe chief forerunner of the reformation, took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time in 1382 Jan Hus Czech Religious leade
12、rJohn Calvin 基督教教义 one of the most influential theological works Calvinism Rabelais 拉伯雷 french writer Ronsard Pleiade七星诗社代表人 法国第一个近代抒情诗人Montaigne 蒙田 散文集 French Writer Cervantes father of modern European novel spain Thomas More British writer Shakespeare 作品包括点击下载点击下载点击下载 crowned literature of England
13、 代表欧洲文艺复兴的最高成就Copernicus The father of modern astronomy 现代天文学之父Vesalius marked the beginning of a new era in the study of anatomy (解剖学) founder of modern medicine Aldus Manutius foremost printer in Italy Machiavelli Father of political science Vosari 1492, Columbus发现了America 1487,Dias发现了the cape of
14、good hope 1497,da Gama发现了the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope5. 17世纪Copernicus 天体运行论 Although he did not belong to the 17th century he was the forerunner of modern medicine Kepler Keplers Law (the three laws of planetary motion)德 国 the three laws formed the basis of all modern planetary as
15、tronomy and led to Newtons discovery of the laws of gravitation Galileo 意大利 acceleration in dynamics, the law of inertia, the law of falling bodies动力加速度,惯性定律,落体定律Newton 英国Leibniz Distinguishes three levels of understanding: selfconscious(自我意识)conscious(意识)unconscious/subconscious (潜意识)他和牛顿都是caculus的
16、创始人Milton Areopagitica, English revolution Bacon Knowledge is power 英国 反对deductive method,创立了inductive method 认为哲学应该与神学分开Hobbes 利维坦 Materialist (knowledge come from experience) Social Contract 英国 认为最好的统治方式是monarchy Locke 政治论 Materialist views (ideas derived from sensation or from reflection) Social
17、Contract英国在英国革命中有两个领袖,Cromwell 和John Milton Cromwell the man of action John Milton the man of thought 在英国文学史上ranks with Shakespear and Chaucer Descartes 笛卡尔 Cartesian Doubt I think therefore I am 法国 it is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Bacon in England and Descartes in France
18、Corneille 高乃依熙得 法国第一部古典主义悲剧,表现责任与爱情的冲突Racine the greatest tragic dramatist of French neoclassical theatre 表现情感和理性的冲突Moliere 达尔杜夫愤世嫉俗吝啬鬼 the best representative dramatist of French Classical comedies很多科学器械在被发明:microscope, telescope, thermometer, barometer, pendulum 1689,the Bill of Rights建立了the Parli
19、ament至高无上的权利法国最著名的建筑:Palace of Versailles Garden Front East Front of the Louvre英国最著名建筑:St. Pauls Cathedral6.启蒙运动 the age of reason 18th century intellectual movement starting from France the most important forerunners of the enlightenment were two 17th century Englishmen John Locke and Issac Newton.
20、Lockes materialist theory and Newtons theory of gravitationMajor force of the enlightenment is French Philosophes18世纪两大著名运动:The American War of Independence(1776)ended British colonial rule over the U。S。独立宣言The French Revolution(1789)ended the French Monarchy and the first French Republic was born i
21、n 1792人权宣言French Philosophy and Literature Montesquieu Separation of powers法国启蒙运动的先驱Voltaire most famous of his novels Rousseau one of the greatest figures of French enlightenment DiderotEnglish Literature Pope spokesman in verse of the Age of Reason, translation of Homer, good at heroic couplet 擅长英
22、雄双韵体Defoe one of the greatest fiction writer of the 18th century England 鲁滨逊漂流记Swift the foremost satirist in the English language and one of the satiric masters of all time Henry Fielding Father of the English novelSamuel Richardson The founder of English domestic novel Samuel Johnson editor of 18世
23、纪英国文学最著名的期刊 The Tatler 和 The Spectator, Addison 和 Steele经常在上面写文章German Literature and Philosophy Lessing German dramastist German classicism Goethe Apprenticeship/Travels the Greatest German Poets Schiller a founder of modern German literature Kant Waterhead of modern philosophy Propose the nebular
24、hypothesis History of Nature and Theory of the Heavens reasonThe Musical Enlightenment J.S.Bach ChristianityMajor musicians of the musical Enlightenment Handel 亨德尔 being his crowning masterpiece Bach and Handel showed the world Baroque musical architecture at its imposing best The Baroque period was
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 欧洲 文化 入门 听课 笔记 重点 总结
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【精***】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【精***】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。