法律英语常用词汇和句型总结.doc

常用术语总结
一、 基本概念及用法
债权人：obligee
债务人:obligor
一方：one party
对方\相对人:the other party； 善意相对人:the other party in good faith
债权：creditor’s right; right to performance; right
债务/义务： obligation
标的物:subject matter
责任：liability
要约：offer；
承诺：acceptance；
要约邀请：invitation to offer；
要约人：offeror
受要约人:offeree
收件人：recipient
代理人：agent
被代理人/本人：principle
行为人:person performing (such） act
代理权：agency authority
应当：shall
可以：may
不能：may not
不正当:improperly
有权做。 。 .：may； is entitled to do
履行义务：perform obligation， render performance
订立合同：enter into a contract； conclude a contract； form a contract
带来损失：cause loss to 。 . .
损害利益：harm somebody’s interest
赔偿损失：indemnify the other party for its loss
由某人承担费用:expenses shall be borne by sb.
承担损害赔偿责任:be liable for damages
各自承担相应的责任:bear their respective liabilities accordingly
要求承担违约责任：hold . . 。 liable for breach of contract
享有权利、承担义务:assume right and obligation
二、各个条文中的术语
合同订立采取。 . .方式: a contract is concluded by the exchange of. 。 。
（e.g. by the exchange of an offer and an acceptance； by the exchange of electronic messages）
. 。 .的意思表示：manifestation of intention to do something
做出表示：manifest his intention （to do)
接受履行：accept the performance
订立合同时：in the course of concluding/ negotiating a contract; at the time of its conclusion
符合．．．规定:meet the requirement of 。 。 。
承诺的撤回：withdrawal of acceptance
书面形式：in writing
合同书形式：memorandum of contract
具有本法. 。 。条规定的情形：fall into any of the circumstances set forth in Article. . .
撤回：withdraw; 撤销：cancel
拒绝追认:decline； 拒绝履行：reject
受约束：be bound；is binding upon somebody
表明：indicate
价目表：price list
拍卖公告:announcement of auction
招标公告：call for tender
招股说明书：prospectus
商业广告：commercial advertisement
数据电文：electronic message
指定特定系统:designate a specific system
快速通讯方式：instantaneous communication device
国家指令性任务或国家订货任务:state mandatory plan or state purchase order
根据需要/要求：in light of its requirement
格式条款：standard terms
条款：provision
提请注意义务：duty to call attention
应. 。 .要求，做。 . 。：do something upon the request of . . 。
与对方协商：negotiate with the other party
预先拟定：prepare in advance
重复使用：repeated use
提供格式条款一方：the party supplying standard terms
免除或限制责任：exclude or limit liability
加重对方责任：increase the liabilities of the other party
排除对方主要权利:deprive the other party of material rights
合理的方式：in a reasonable manner
对格式条款的理解：construction of standard term
通常理解：common sense
不一致：discrepancy between… and …
解释：interpret
缔约过失责任:pre-contract liabilities
恶意磋商：negotiate in bad faith
以。 。 .名义：under the pretext of
隐瞒与。 . 。有关的重要事实：conceal material facts relating to . . 。
提供虚假情况：supply false information
商业秘密：trade secret
泄露或不正当使用商业秘密：disclose or improperly use trade secret
在订立合同的过程中获悉：become aware of in the course of negotiating a contract
生效条件：conditions precedent
解除条件:conditions subsequent
阻止／促成条件成立：impair/facility satisfaction of a condition
对合同的效力约定附条件：prescribe that the effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions
附生效/解除条件的合同：a contract subject to condition precedent/subsequent
条件成立：condition is satisfied
附期限的合同：contract term
生效/失效期限:a time of commencement/expiration
限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil act
法定代理人：legal agent
追认：ratify
纯获利益的合同：a contract from which such person accrues benefits only
与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应:be appropriate for his age， intelligence， mental health
催告法定代理人在一个月内予以追认：demand legal agent to ratify the contract within one month
视为拒绝追认：is deemed to decline ratify the contract
撤销的权利：somebody is entitled to cancel。 。 .
以通知的方式做出：be effected by notification
以。 。 。的名义:on one's behalf
没有代理权:lack agency authority
超越代理权：act beyond his agency authority
代理权终止：agency authority is extinguished
请求人民法院或仲裁机构变更或撤销：petition the People’s court or an arbitration institution for amendment or cancellation
重大误解：material mistake
显失公平:grossly unconscionable
欺诈：fraud
胁迫：duress
乘人之危：take advantage of the other party's hardship
真实意思：true intention
受损害方:aggrieved party
合同无效、被撤销或者终止：invalidity， cancellation or discharge of a contract
不影响. . .条款的效力:not impair the validity of the contract provision concerning。 。 .
争议解决方法：the method of dispute resolution
返还财产：make restitution of property
过错方：the party at fault
折价补偿：allowance be made in money based on the value of the property
在合同约定的交付期间:during the prescribed period of delivery
交付时的价格：price of delivery
迟延交付标的物/提取标的物/付款：delay in delivering the subject matter; delay in taking delivery； delay in making payment
同时履行： simultaneous performance
互负债务：owe performance toward each other
没有先后履行顺序:there is no order of performance
履行不符合约定：render non-conforming performance
拒绝其相应的履行要求： reject its corresponding requirement for performance
部分履行：partial performance
债务人部分履行给债权人增加的费用：additional expenses incurred by obligee due to obligor’s partial performance
代位权：subrogation
怠于行使到期债权:delay in exercising its creditor’s right that was due
专属于. . .人本身：exclusively personal to somebody
转让债权：assign a right
受让人取得与债权有关的从权利：assignee assumes any incidental right associated with the obligee’s right
让与人与受让人：assignor, assignee
接到。 . . 通知：upon receipt of notice of assignment
债务人可以向受让人主张抵销:the obligor may avail itself of any set-off against the assignee
对某人享有债权： have right to performance by/against somebody
合并/分立：a party has effected combination/division
合并/分立后的法人：legal person resulting from combination/division
行使合同权利,履行合同义务：assume the rights and obligations
享有连带债权,承担连带债务：jointly and severally assume the rights and obligations
合同解除：terminate
合同终止：discharge
债务互相抵销：obligations were set off against each other
将标的物提存：place the subject matter in escrow
免除债务:release the obligor from performance
毁损、灭失的风险:the risk of damage or loss
孳息:fruits of subject matter
违约责任:liabilities for breach of contract
履行合同义务：perform obligations under a contract
符合约定的履行合同义务：perform obligations in accordance with the contract； render conforming performance
继续履行：specific performance
采取补救措施：cure of non-conforming performance
赔偿损失：payment of damages
预期违约:anticipatory breach
明确表示：expressly state
行为表明:indicate by conduct
违约金：liquidated damage
一定数额：a certain sum/amount of …
根据违约情况：in the light of degree of breach
因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法：a method for calculation of damages for the loss resulting from a party's breach.
适当减少:decrease the amount as appropriate
公平原则：the principle of fairness
诚实信用原则:the principle of good faith
三、“效力”的词汇
. 。 。的效力:effectiveness/validity of . . .e.g. effectiveness of contract/offer
生效:become effective
失效：extinguish
有效:valid
无效：invalid
四、时间的词汇
到达时间：time of arrival
承诺期限：the period for acceptance
信件载明的日期或电报交发之日： date shown on the letter or the date on which the telegram is handed in for dispatch
邮戳日期：the posting date stamped on the envelop
超过承诺期间：after expiration of the period for acceptance
履行期限:time of performance
. 。 。期间自…开始计算:the period for. 。 . commences on the date when. . ./once 。 . 。
五、常用句型：
l Ａ符合Ｂ情况的，视为Ｃ:A is deemed as C, if B.
l 表示假设,用”where” or "if”
l 如果是个长句子，内容为：在一个大前提A下,又有几个不同的条件(B、C)，每个条件下的结果(D是B的结果，E是C的结果）都不同.可以用:Where/When A, if B，D；if C, E。 例如：合同法第16条\36条.
l A时间被视为B时间:the time when。 。 。is deemed as time of. . .(the time when the electronic message enters into such specific system is deemed as time of arrival）
l 。 . .时A成立：用once/when/upon,e。g。 A contract is formed once the acceptance becomes effective。 A contract becomes effective upon its formation.
An offer become effective when it reaches the offeree.
l 在 …之前，或同时到达：reach … before or at the same time as 。 。 。 e.g. the notice of withdrawal shall reach offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance。
l 具有本法. 。 .条规定的情形，则. 。 .：。 。 .is . . .， if it falls into any of the circumstances set forth in Article. . . hereof. E。g. A standard term is invalid, if it falls into any of the circumstances set forth in Article 52 hereof.
l 法律、行政法规规定. 。 。， 依照其规定:Where. 。 .is subject to provisions of relevant law or administrative regulation, such provisions apply。
l 附生效/失效期限的合同,自。 . .时生效/失效:A contract subject to a time of commencement/expiration becomes effective/ is extinguished at such time。
l 。 . . 除外:. 。 . , except where 句子 e。g。 第72条
l 除非双方另有约定：. 。 . , unless otherwise agreed by the parties
l 法律规定或者当事人约定的其他。 。 .情形：any other circumstances of . 。 . provided by law, or prescribed by the parties
l 法律、行政法规规定或当事人约定。 . 。： . . 。 as required by the relevant law or administrative regulation or as agreed by the parties
l . . . 的范围，以。 。 .为限：the scope of . . 。is limited to the extent of. 。 .
l 有下列情形之一的，。 . 。 :. 。 . in any of the following circumstances
l 无论. 。 . ：regardless of whether/when/where。 。 .
6