英国文学史及选读--复习要点总结.doc

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点
1. Beowulf： national epic of the English people; Denmark story； alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空,选择等小题)
2. Romance (名词解释）
3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”： a famous roman about King Arthur's story
4。 Ballad（名词解释）
5。 Character of Robin Hood
6。 Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned， only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance； form： heroic couplet）
7. Heroic couplet （名词解释）8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More-—Utopia
10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”
13. Francis Bacon “essays" esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）
14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要,最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）
15。 John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes.对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament,另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象.
16. John Bunyan-—The Pilgrim’s Progress
17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne； features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images。
18。 Enlightenment（名词解释）
19. Neoclassicism(名词解释）
20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler”
21. Joseph Addison—-“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。
22。 Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions
23. Alexander Pope： “Essay on Criticism”， “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock"， “The Dunciad”； his workmanship （features) and limitations
24. Jonathan Swift： “Gulliver's Travels"此书非常重要，要知道具体内容,就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方） “A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。
25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature。
26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”， “Moll Flanders”， 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要,剧情要清楚， Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature,另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。
27。 Samuel Richardson--“Pamela" （first epistolary novel)， “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison"
28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild", “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看.他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel.
29。 Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传
30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal"
31。 Oliver Goldsmith--“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” （poem） （both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good—Natured Man” （comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” （comedy）, “The Citizen of the World” （collection of essays)
32。 Sentimentalism（名词解释）
33。 Thomas Gray-—“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）（a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人）
* Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth—century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality， in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems， Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets。
34. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre—Romanticism; representative： William Blake and Robert Burns.
35。 Thomas Percy——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集.
36. William Blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解,特别是Songs of Innocence 和 Songs of Experience， 这两本集子的contrast一定要注意,另外Blake的写作特点也要注意,比如语言的简单明了,神秘主义氛围等.
37. Robert Burns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗，写作特点： Scottish dialect； a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language； influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads； musical quality of his poems.
《英国文学史及选读》第二册练习题
I。 浪漫主义时期
I。 Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.
1。 English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with__A_in 1798.
A. the publication of Lyrical Ballads
B。 the death of Sir Scott
C。 the birth of William Wordsworth
D. the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament
2。 The Romantic Period is first of all an age of__B___。
A。 Novel B。 poetry C. drama D. prose
3。 Romanticism does not emphasize__D___.
A。 the special qualities of each individual's mind
B. the inner world of the human spirit
C。 individuality
D。 the features that men have in common
4。___B__ is not a Romantic poet.
A. William Blake B。 Sir Scott C。 P。 B. Shelley D. Lord Byron
5。 _C____ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains.
A. Walter Scott B。 Mary Shelley
C。 Jane Austen D。 Ann Radcliff
6. ____C_ is not characteristic of William Blake’s writing.
A。 plain and direct language B. compression of meaning
C。 supernatural quality D. symbolism
7. Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with __B___。
A. Byron B. Coleridge C. Shelley D. Keats
8。 Wordsworth thinks that _D____ is the only subject of literary interest。
A. the life of rising bourgeoisie
B。 aristocratic life
C。 the life of the royal family
D。 common life
9. Don Juan is the masterpiece of__A___。
A。 Lord Byron’s B。 P. B。 Shelley's C。 John Keats’s D。 Samuel Coleridge’s
10. _A____ is not a novel written by Jane Austen.
A。 Jane Eyre B。 Sense and Sensibility C. Pride and Prejudice D. Emma
II。 Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook。
1。 In essence, Romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the__。individual ___as the very center of all life and all experience.
2。 For the Romantics， _ human life ____ is not only the major source of poetic imagery， but also provides the dominant subject matter。
3。 Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of _ nature ____。"
4. According to the subjects， Wordsworth's short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about ____ human life _.
5。 Coleridge’s achievement as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: _。the demonic ____ and the conversational.
6. As a leading Romanticist， Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “_ Byronic hero ____。”
7。 “__ Ode to the West Wind ___" is Shelley’s representative work.
8. __ The odes ___ are generally regarded as Keats’s most important and mature work.
9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a famous line in Keats's “__ Ode on a Grecian Urn ___.”
10。 _ Pride and Prejudice ____is the most delightful of Jane Austen’s work.
III。 Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.
（ T )1。 The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.
( T ）2。 Romantics also tend to be nationalistic， defending their own literary heritage against the advocates of classical rules。
( F )3。 Coleridge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate.
（ F)4。 Keats is one of the “Lake Poets。”
( F ）5。 Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer.
IV。 Name the author of each of the following literary work.
1. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" Coleridge
2. Songs of Innocence Blake
3。 “Ode to a Nightingale” Keats
4. “A Song： Men of England" Shelley
5。 The Prelude Wordsworth
V。 Define the literary terms listed below
1。 Romanticism
Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy， music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century， beginning as a revolt against classicism. There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places. The leading features of Romantic movements are Wordsworth, Shelley, etc.
2. Ode
Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem， written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event.
VI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.
1….Be through my lips to unawakened Earth。
The trumpet of a prophecy！ O, Wind,
If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
1. It is taken from Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind。 In this poem， Shelley eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality。 In these last lines, the poet shows his optimistic spirit for the future.
2。 For oft， when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood，
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude；
And then my heart with pleasure fills，
And dances with the daffodils。
2. It is taken from Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud." The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude. He expresses his strong affecting for nature in the poem
。
II.维多利亚时期
I。 Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets
1. The Victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of Queen Victoria in__B___.
A。 1835 B。 1836 C。 1837 D。 1838
2。 The critical realists like Charles Dickens in the Victorian period wrote novels__D___.
A。 representing the 18th century realist novel B。 criticizing the society C. defending the mass
E。 all the above
3. ___D__is not a Victoria novelist。
A. Charles DickensB。 George Eliot C. William Makepeace ThackerayD。 D. H. Lawrence
4. ___C__ is not a work by Charles Dickens。
A. Oliver Twist B. David CopperfieldC. Middlemarch D. A Tale of Two Cities
5。 Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece written by___B__。
A. Charlotte Bronte B。 Emily Bront C。 Anne Bronte D。 Branwell Bronte
6. __A___ is not Thomas Hardy's work.
A。 The Mill on the Floss C。 Jude the ObscureD。 The Mayor of Casterbridge
7。 “My Last Duchess" is __A___.
A。 a dramatic monologue B。 a short lyricC。 a novel D。 an essay
8。 Tennyson’s “Ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_B____.
A. Homer's Odessey B。 Joyce’s Ulysses C。 Dante D。 Greek Mythology
9。 In the 19th century English literature， a new literary trend _D____ appeared。 And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s.
A。 romanticism B. naturalism C. realism D. critical realism
10. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from__A___。
A. The Pilgrim’s Progress B. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageC。 Gulliver’s TravelsD。 The Canterbury Tales
II。 Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook
1. The aestheticists such as Oscar Wilde in the Victorian period advocated the theory of “_ art for art’s sake ____.”
2。 In the Victorian period, _ the novel ____became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought。
3。 Charles Dickens is one of the greatest _ critical realist ____ writers of the Victorian Age。
4。 Tennyson’s poem “__ Break, Break， Break ___” is in memory of his bosom friend Arthur Hallam。
5。 Robert Browning is famous for his _ dramatic monologue ____。
6。 George Eliot’s __ Middlemarch ___ is one of the most mature works in English literature.
7。 Tennyson's famous dramatic monologue based on the story in Greek Mythology is “_ Ulysses ____。”
8。 __ Oliver Twist ___ is Dickens’ first child hero。
9. Jane Eyre represents those_ middle ____-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.
10. The most important poet of the Victorian Age was_ Tennyson____。 Next to him were Robert Browning and his wife。
III。 Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets.
( T )1. The Victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history。
（ F ）2. Tennyson is famous for his aesthetic viewpoint of “art for art’s sake。”
（ F )3。 Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte’s。
（ F ) 4. Browning’s “Meeting at Night" and “Parting at Morning” were originally one poem in dramatic monologue。
（ T ）5。 Naturalism has played an important part in Thomas Hardy’s work.
IV. Name the author of each of the following literary works.
1。 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club Charles Dickens
2. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall Anne Bronte
3。 In Memoriam Alfred Tennyson
4。 The Mill on the Floss George Eliot
5。 The Return of the Native Thomas Hardy
V. Define the literary terms listed below.
1。 Dramatic Monologue
Dramatic Monologue is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one In the speaker’s personality as well as the incident that is the subjects of the poem。 An example of a dramatic monologue is “My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning。
2. Critical Realism
Critical Realism is a literary movement in the 19th century。 It sticks to the principal of faithful representation of the 18th century realistic novel and carries its duty forward to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass。 The representative figures are Dickens, the Bronte’s， etc
VI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.
1. That same evening the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed， not only that Oliver would be hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain. Mr. Bumble shoot his head with gloomy mystery, and said he wished he might come to good； where-unto Mr。 Gamfield replied， that he wished he might come to him--—which, although he agreed with the beadle in most matters， would seem to be a wish of a totally opposite description.
The next morning， the public were once more informed that Oliver Twist was again To Let, and that five pounds would be paid to anybody who would take possession of him。
1。 It is taken from Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist. This part describes how Oliver is punished for asking for more to eat and how he is therefore sold at three pound ten to a notorious chimney-sweeper. It reveals that the pitiable state of the orphan boy and the cruelty and hypocrisy of the workhouse board。
2. Thus， neither having the clue to the other's secret， they were respectively puzzled at what each revealed， and awa