交互主体性理论观照下的文学名著复译——以David-Copperfield两复译本为个案讲课讲稿.docx

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摘要

早在二十世纪八十年代，文学名著的复译就引起了译界的广泛关 注和讨论，如国内的鲁迅、郑诗鼎、刘晓丽、罗新璋、许均等，国外 的洪堡、伽德默尔、斯内尔．霍恩比等。这些学者从不同视角对复译 现象、复译的必要性进行了研究，与此同时他们也开始了对复译背后 深层原因的思考。然而对复译现象的出现，学者们的看法并不一样。 其中译者理解的不同历时或共时角度，原文本的价值等被认为是造成 多个译本出现的因素。但是我们深知这种从单一主体方面着手的研究 是远远不能透视复译的本质。
事实上就文学名著的翻译而言，所谓的“定本"或者“理想的范 本”是不存在的，所以一部译作只能是对原作的一种理解，一种阐述。 也许有的名著现在尚无复译本，但不能因此断言以后也不会出现复译 本，因为文学作品需要依靠复译来获得后起的生命。随着时代和语言 的发展变化，昔日之译文在遣词造句、文体风格等方面于今天看来可 能不再适应新形式发展，或不同历史时期内的视域融合、译者理解的 不同历时或共时角度的变化，原文可得到新的阐释，因而不仅有理由、 而且有必要进行复译。要知道复译带给我们的远不是几个简单译本的 相继问世，更多的是其背后原因的深层思考。从某种程度上说来，复 译研究得到了一定的发展和关注，但若从哲学角度来谈论复译，其背 后深层原因的研究还是远远不够的。
近年来随着翻译研究的进一步发展，作为一种领悟和理解形式之 复译的重要性成为当今译界的热点，从广泛视角来看待翻译的这种需

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要也从此得到认可。事实上，只有从一切科学研究的基础并具先行的 哲学角度来看待复译才能真正透视复译背后的原因，更加深入地解决 翻译研究中的复译问题。目前翻译主体性和译者文化地位成为复译研 究的热门话题和理论界关注的重点之一。胡塞尔的现象学哲学，黑格 尔的存在主义，伽德默尔的阐释学及哈贝马斯的交往行动理论都在一 定程度上对交互主体性理论进行了论证并完善。交互主体性理论认为 文学名著复译过程中涉及到的各因素都是主体，其中包括原文作者、
原译者、复译者、读者、原文、原译文、复译文本、翻译发起人、出 版商或赞助人等，他们之间平等共在、相互作用、相互否定、相互协 调、相互交流，处在主体间性关系之中，复译是他们以此为基础进行 对话的结果。本文指出正是由于主体之间的这些独有特点，文学作品 的复译不仅成为可能，而且不可避免了·
建立在前人对复译研究基础之上，本文从当前国内对这一课题研 究的现状出发，以哲学上的交互主体性为理论基石尝试性地探索名著 复译现象，值得一提的是这是作者把西方哲学和翻译研究结合的粗浅 尝试。本文的中心内容在于提炼交互主体性理论中与翻译有关的核心
内容，并围绕此内容去剖析复译的本质。在此基础上本文进一步以交 互主体性理论为透析视角对狄更斯的杰作David CopperfieM的张谷 若译本和董秋斯译本进行了比较和分析，并阐明了两成功复译本诞生

的真正原因，从而使该研究更可信更客观。

关键字： 文学名著，复译，交互主体性理论，David Copperfield，董 秋斯，张谷若

Abstract

Retranslation is no longer a舶sh thing．Ever since the 1 980s，the retranslation of literary masterpieces has been drawing a wide attention and discussion．Scholars both at home and abroad have aired their views， and there are people such as Lu Xun，Zhen Shiding，Liu Xiaoli，Luo Xingzhang，Xu Jun，Gregory Rabassa，Humboldt，Gadmer,Snell—Hornby
and SO on．In terms of literary translation，many translators attempt to explain the reason behind retranslation．However，most of the theoretical papers concerned with retranslation of literary masterpieces view the matter either from the perspective of the translator or from the perspective of the original work to be translated only．Accordingly,we may find that the existing investigation cannot adequately illustrate the phenomenon of retranslation and we shall soon discover the retranslation phenomenon not surprisingly,is far from satisfactory．
There are no eternal things in the world，with the development of time and language，even the famous and popular versions of literary masterpieces cannot avoid the destiny of being challenged and retranslated in short periods of time．It is no doubt that the dictions and

styles of former versions may be out of date due to the synchronic interpretations and fusion of horizons，SO we call say retranslating brings

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US not just several different versions， but more deep thoughts．To some extent，the retranslation phenomenon has been explored and explained， but the real cause behind it has hardly sunk in yet．
In recent years，the need for treating translation from a wide range of perspectives has been recognized．Some scholars have already observed and discussed the phenomena of retranslations；some went further to suggest enlightening explanations．As a matter of fact,if we devote our efforts to the retranslation of literary masterpieces from the perspective of
linguistics and philosophy,we can get a clearer view of the essence of it．

The theory of translation subjectivity and the cultural position of translators had made their way ahead．We Can conclude that the transition from the subjectivity to intersubjectivity is a new trend，which Can be

supported by Husserl’S phenomenology,Hegelian’S existentialism， Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics and Habermas’S communicative action．In actuality,the process of translating involves relationships of
different subjects．During the conversation all the subjects involved are engaged and all the factors should be treated on an equal footing，
interactive and mutually negative，negotiative and communicative，
namely the source language text，the author,the established versions，the preceding translator,the succeeding translator,the characters in the masterpiece，the target language reader，translation initiators or patrons． And retranslation is a derivation from their dialogues on the basis of

intersubj ectivity．This research proposes that it is the characteristics of intersubj ectivity which make retranslation of literary works not only necessary,possible，but even inevitable．
On the basis of the former studies，the current thesis strives to

explore the retranslation phenomenon profoundly from a microscopical perspective--intersubj ectivity theory,which is a comparatively new attempt of combining Western philosophical theory with translation study． The core of this thesis is to abstract the essence of the intersubjectivity theory and put it into practice．Wth a view to probing deeper and touching the root of retranslation,comparison of the two well—known
Chinese versions of Charles Dickens’novel David Copperfield(translated by Dong Qiusi and Zhang Guruo respectively)against the intersubjectivity theory is made，which surely Can make the current study more convincing and obj ective．

Key words：literary masterpieces，retranslation，intersubjectivity theory，David Copperfield，Dong Qiusi，Zhang Guruo

V

原创性声明

本人声明，所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工 作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除了论文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方 外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为 获得中南大学或其他单位的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我共同工 作的同志对本研究所做的贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明。
作者签名．_盔茎羔 嗍甲4月曲

关于学位论文使用授权说明

本人了解中南大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有 权保留学位论文，允许学位论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布学位论 文的全部或部分内容，可以采用复印、缩印或其它手段保存学位论文； 学校可根据国家或湖南省有关部门规定送交学位论文。
名：啦一名：姓吼P驴脚

M．A．Thesis Introduction

Introduction

0．1 Research Background and Main Issues

Retranslation is no more a fresh“ng．Translators both at home and abroad have had heated discussion about it ever since translation

appeared．Some observe progress or deficiencies in retranslation and are devoted to suggestions for better translation based on the comparative studies of different versions ever produced；others seek to find theoretical explanations behind the prevalent retranslation phenomena．In terms of literary translation，most of the theoretical papers concemed with
retranslation of literary masterpieces view the matter either from the perspective of the translator or from the original text to be translated， either from the perspective of the reader,or from the established versions translated before．

And till now consensus on retranslation has been reached．Xu(许 1 994)for one，has tried to sum up the causes of retranslation：1(1)the established versions brim over with redundancy or deletion,which Can
hardly reflect the idea and spirit of the original text nor Can cater to the readers．(2)The established versions were translated from a second source instead of the source language text．Such kinds of translated text are not what we hanker after and should be retranslated．Literary

M．A．Thesis Introduction

masterpieces，as systematic language structures with great art skills， possess their own characters，some of whose forms even c，an hardly be conveyed．From language A to language B，the translation will lose some of the images which have no ways to compensate for．In such situation a
translator translates language B into language C to晡ng out a new

translation，compared with language B’S translation，the loss will be greater．(3)As our aesthetic tastes are ever-changing and ever-expanding， the established translations may be out of date and need to be updated and retranslated．(4)Mistakes or misunderstandings due to limitation at the time of translating existed in the established versions；some of the
established versions change the original meaning of the SL text，which will mislead readers，thus they cannot be taken as a real translation work． Therefore，correction has to be made，and its understanding as well as its language should be promoted．(5)Two or more translators involved in the translating process may have their different interpretations toward the same teXt，so it’S hard for two translators to catch the sarlle flavor and
keep the same norms throughout the whole text．One day when the

understanding of the text arrives at a new level if we don’t love the

former version，we call leave it and replace it．

As we struggle to make discoveries about ourselves and our topic， we call see there are other reasons，for example，certain political or social demand，the translation initiator or patron，who may call for special

2

M．A．Thesis Introduction

translations to replace the existing ones．Of course，the existence of retranslation has its reasonable interpretations，which has become common sense shared by most translators．This is also the reason why the
retranslation study interests more and more people．However,we can find

that the discussion above only begins with the level of language，or translator,or original text,which obviously lacks a deeper exploration into retranslation．Nowadays，many translators make a point of adopting comparative approach to different versions of the same literary masterpiece，which has provided a new angle for translation study and sgrves to contribute to more translations of value；nevertheless，they left the theoretical explanations undiscussed．As to what underlies the retranslation phenomenoll’and how to understand it from a microscopic and speculative perspective in reference to philosophy,people have rarely
touched before．Accordingly,we may find that the existing investigation cannot adequately illustrate the phenomenon of retranslation and we shall soon observe the retranslation phenomenon，not surprisingly,is far from

satisfactory．

It should be admired that great achievements have been made by translators and scholars who have been striving to explain retranslation and do a lot of retranslation work as well，and some of which indeed get

identity for some time，but which one is the best among the diverse

translated versions?Ⅵmat are the fundamental differences between

M．A．Thesis Introduction

different versions of the same literary masterpiece?How do the differences come into being?Why do we need retranslated versions since
we have already had some excellent ones?With these answers，we are

motivated to understand retranslation from a microscopic and speculative perspective in reference to philosophy,but it might help to leave behind these questions for a moment and study retranslation within the framework of intersubj ectivity theory first．

0．2 Present Study

For a long time，people view retranslation from the traditional epistemology SO as to consider the author,the source language text,the established versions，the retranslated versions，the preceding translator, the succeeding translator,and the target-text reader to be static instead of
being dynamic．In reality,what kinds of relations are among them?

Naturally this puzzle causes US to ponder all the time and we cannot find the reasonable answer until transition from the ontological to epistemology and to lingual is made，which benefits a lot from translation studies，since it spans the traditional subject and object relation in the process of translation．Accordingly,a new trend of dialogue relationship
among various subjects comes into being，which is the very core of the

Western philosophical concept—--·-—-intersubjectivity．

Intersubj ectivity is a rising philosophical concept in the 2 1 st century

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M．A．Thesis Introduction

and is mainly used to study or regulate reciprocal effects between one subj ect and another．As a kind of communicational action among people， translation is considered neither as a simple copy of the source text，nor
sole faith to the author,but as a network of complex actions of faith to all

the subjects concemed．In translating process，the translator as well弱 other subjects like readers will，consciously or unconsciously,exert great influences on the process of translating，SO translation，嬲a common goal shared by all partners，requires a methodology which can identify and handle these human relations．The way to solve such a complicated problem，if any,is resorting to intersubjectivity theory,which is a suitable strategy if not a perfect one．Only by merging the translator’S fusion of horizons with all subjects’，can we get a satisfactory reply．We should admit the fusion of the horizons cannot be taken as something absolute， because interpreting always involves communicating；communicating
always involves differing．However，it does not mean that interpretation is in vain．On the contrary,it is the very difference that makes the

Inspired by recent application of intersubj ectivity theory into the retranslation，the author of this thesis haS made a tentative use of this theory for the explanation of retranslation of literary masterpieces through the case study of the contrast between two retranslated versions， the primary aim of which is to find a fresh and effective way to study

5

M．A．Thesis Introduction

retranslation，which helps uncover the nature of retranslation and opens up a new dimension in the translation field．With the view to attesting to the rationality of employing intersubjectivity in revealing the nature of retranslation and the explanatory power of intersubjectivity theory to the interpretation of retranslation of literary masterpieces，and making this

research work crystallizable and satisfactory,two well-known Chinese versions of the English masterpiece Dav／d Copperfield are chosen among five editions，of which one is made by Dong Qiusi，and the other is made
by Zhang Guruo．With the detailed study of this masterpiece from the

perspective of intersubjectivity theory,the author points out in the end the advantages of intersubjectivity-theoretical accounts of retranslation over other approaches．

0．3 Theoretical Framework and Methodology

Before we proceed，it is necessary for US to clarify the boundary between subjectivity and intersubjectivity．Intersubjectivity refers to cross—subjectivity relationship between self and others，between man and the outer world while subjectivity in translation studies refers to the

single relationship of individual subject，such as the author,the translator,

the target-text reader etc．Emphasizing intersubjectivity is different from subject-object mode in that it is a kind of new thought and method．With a shift from subj ect