沪教英语五年级上册知识点整理.doc

2018学年第一学期五年级期末知识点整理
班级___________ 姓名____________学号____________
I．同音字

1. to/two/too
2. I/eye
3. write/ right
4. know/no
5. meet/meat
6. here/ hear
7. buy/bye/by
8. sun/son
9. see/sea/C
10. hi/high
11. dear/deer
12. where/wear
13. some/sum
14. four /for
15. flower/flour
16. our/hour
17. pair/pear
18. week/weak
19. their/there
20. aunt/aren’t
21. eye/I
22. B/be /bee
23. whose/who's
24. eight/ate
25. red/read(过去式)
26. tale/tail
27. weight/wait
28. weigh/way
29. why/y

II． 音近、形近字整理

1. nine, fine, five
2. night, right, fight, light
3. cut, but, shut, bud
4. your, you, you’re
5. clean, close, clothes
6. hand, head, hard
7. bad, bed
8. some, son, sun,
9. ☆blue, balloon,
blow, bowl, bow
10. here, hear, hair
11. three, tree
12. tall, ball, tail, four, hall
13. swim, swing, sing
14. red, read(过去式)
15. kite, cat
16. month, mouth, mouse, mice
17. big, pig, pink
18. hold, old, cold
19. ant, and, end
20. rubber, rabbit, rubbish
21. now, new
22. books, box
23. thin, thing, sing
24. ☆white, write, ride
25. there, where
26. green, grey
27. ☆work, walk
28. twelve, twelfth, twenty
29. every, very
30. well, will
31. laugh, love
32. guess, guest
33. feel, fell
34. thirsty, thirty, thirteen
35. full, fall.
36. dive, drive
37. parent, present
38. shirt , short, shorts
39. sharp, shark, shall
40. count/can’t
41. 7:15/7:45/8:15　
42. off/of　
43. ☆quiet/quite
44. round/loud/cloud　
45. path /pass /past
46. foot /food /fruit
47. there/their/they’re
48. sleepy/asleep
49. cross/across
50. different/difficult
III．反义词/相对应词

1.stand up------sit down
2. open ---close
3. turn on----turn off
4. old---new/ young
5. thin---- fat/hick
6. full---- hungry/empty
7. short---- tall/long
8. man-woman
9. boy---girl
10. white---black
11. small----big
12. here----there
13. warm----cool
14. hot----cold
15. happy----sad/unhappy
16. on----under
17.this----that (these--those)
18. dirty/untidy---clean/tidy
19. sharp—blunt
20. ☆ easy-difficult/hard
21. ☆the same—different
22. fast—slow/slowly
23. top—bottom
24. out—in
25. high—low
26. busy—free
27. beautiful/pretty—-ugly
28.strong—weak
29. brave-afraid/shy/scared
30.early-late
31.heavy--light
32.get up---go to bed 33.hate---love/like
34.lucky---unlucky 35.luckily---unluckily
36.strongly---gently 37.both---neither
38.all---none
39.too---either
40.east---west
41.south---north
42.many---few
43.much---little
44.put on---take off
45. ☆safe---dangerous
46.careful---careless
47. finally---first
48.begin/start---end/finish
49. ☆bring---take
50.always---never
51.push-pull
52.smart-silly/foolish/stupid
53.left---right
54.correct/right—wrong
55.near---far away
56.get off---get on
57.leave---stay
58.sell---buy
59.below---above
60. get in----get out of
61. e-go

IV．单词特殊变化
A.复数
1. 以s, x, sh, ch,结尾的单词，加es :
1.bus---buses , 2. box---boxes 3. fox---foxes 4. peach---peaches, 5. branch---branches
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，去y变成ies ：
1. baby---babies 2. library---libraries 3. butterfly---butterflies
3. 以f或fe 结尾的单词，去f或fe，变ves：
1. leaf---leaves 2. wolf----wolves 3. knife----knives 4. scarf---scarves
4. 不规则变化:1. mouse----mice 2. sheep---sheep 3. fish---fish 4. deer---deer
5.以o结尾的单词有生命的+es,无生命的+s，A: potatoes, tomatoes, mangoes, heroes, B:photos, pianos, radios
6.不可数名词没有复数形式。单词后不能加s，前面也不能加a、an 如 paper, water, milk, jam, hair 等
B. 形容词、副词比较级的变化规则
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后面直接加–er 变为比较级，加–est 变为最高级。
如：old—older                     high—higher
(2) 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，则双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er变为比较级，加 –est 变为最高级。如：big—bigger     thin—thinner
(3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，则将改y为 i 再加-er变为比较级，加 –est 变为最高级。如：busy—busier                     heavy—heavier
(4) 以字母 e 结尾的单词，直接加 –r 变为比较级，加 –st 变为最高级。
如：large—larger         free—freer
(5)多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词变为比较级或最高级时，则通常在其前加more变为比较级，加 most变为最高级。如：
important—more important difficult—more difficult useful—more useful
不规则的比较级
good /well—better bad/ill—worse many—more
little—less old—older/elder far—farther/further
C.基数词，序数词和日期表达
1st first
2nd second
3rd third
5th fifth
9th ninth
☆12th twelfth
20th twentieth
21st twenty-first
☆44th forty-fourth
☆99th ninety-ninth
100th one hundredth
101st one hundred and first
5月1日 ：May the first/ the first of May (序数词前要加the )
D.形容词转化为副词
1.副词变化
a. 直接+ly :quick----quickly strong----strongly slow---slowly
safe---safely careful---carefully beautiful---beautifully soft---softly

b. y结尾，变为ily :
thirsty---thirstily heavy---heavily busy---busily
hungry---hungrily happy---happily lucky---luckily

c. 去e+ly
gentle---gently
2. 注意事项：副词通常用来修饰动词或形容词
Eg: In winter, the wind blows strongly.其中strongly是用来修饰动词blow的。
My sister is good at singing. She can sing beautifully. 其中beautifully是用来修饰动词sing的。
注：有些特殊的动词不能使用副词，而要使用形容词：（am, is, are, was, were）(感官动词smell, taste, sound, feel, touch) (表示变化turn, get, bee, grow)
Eg: The wind is strong in winter. 这个句子中的动词是is因此只能使用形容词strong.
In autumn, the leaves turn yellow and green.句子中的动词turn表示变化，因此只能使用形容词red和yellow.
V．字母的发音规律
a
/ei/
cake, table, plate, Jane, make, face, take, make
/æ/
jam, hand, fat, bad, sad, has, rabbit, ant, apple, cat, man,
/a:/
grass, glass, father, pass, fast, class, ask, bathroom
/ɔ/
Want,watch, what

e
/i:/
he, she, me, we, Peter, Eva, Chinese, Japanese
/e/
pen, ten, red, seven, Ken, yellow, hen

i
/aɪ/
kite, like, bicycle, Mike, nice
/i/
pig, big, pink, his, with, stick, chick, is, Jim,

o
/əʊ/
hold, photo, old, rose, open, go
/ɔ/
Bonnie, dog, hot, shop, box, orange, office，song

u
/ju:/
pupil, tube, music, tune
/ʌ/
duck, Russ, run, sun, up, summer

ar
/a:/
car, park, garden, large, sharp, start, March
特殊 ar
/ɔ:/
quarter, warm

ue
oo
/u:/
blue, glue
school, moon, too,noodles,
特殊 oo
/u/
good, cook, foot, look, book, wood, woof, took, shook

ir
ur
er
/ə:/
bird, first, third, thirsty, thirty, girl,
purple, nurse
nerve, nervous, serve, service, her
特殊 er (词尾)
/ ə /
quarter, teacher, waiter

ee/e-e
ea
/i:/
bee, meet, sleep, week, these, Chinese, Japanese
pea, meat, weak, sea
特殊 ea
/e/
head, bread, sweater, weather, breakfast
/ei/
break, great, steak

eer
ear
/iə /
deer, beer, cheer,
ear, hear, near, dear, tear
特殊 ear
/ eə /
pear, bear, wear
易混淆ere
/iə /
here
/ eə /
where
/ ə /
were

-i-
ie
/aɪ/
Bike, kite, pipe, time, like, pineapple, bite
pie, tie, die, lie
特殊 ie
/i:/
piece, thief, field

oe
oa
o/ -o-
/əʊ/
toe, hoe, foe
coat, goat, boat,
go, old, those, nose, hole, post, poster, notice
特殊 o
/ɔ/
not, hot, stop, model
/ʌ/
son, mother, brother

oy
oi
/ ɔɪ /
boy, toy, joy
oil, noise, noisy, voice
特殊 io
/ aɪə /
violin

ou
ow
/ au /
loud, round, found, count, mouse, mouth
how, now, cow, owl
特殊 ow
/ əu /
blow, grow, bowl, know
特殊 ou
/ ʌ /
country, touch, rough

ay
ai
/ eɪ /
hay, play, gray
sail, nail, tail, rain, paint
常考辅音及辅音连缀
ch
/tʃ/
chicken, children, cheese
/k/
Christmas, chemical(化学的)
b
/b/
bird, basket
///
Climb, b, thumb, tomb
k
/k/
kitchen, kick, cake
///
knock, knife, knight(骑士)
c
/k/
cake, Canada
/s/
nice, price, niece
g
/g/
girl, good, ground
/dʒ /
giraffe, orange, fridge
s
/s/
sister, smile,
/z/
rise, noise, noisy
n
/n/
nose, thin
/ŋ/
Think, thank, thing, sing, (n在k或g的前面)
th
/θ/
thin, think, than, Maths, month
/ ð /
this, that, these, those, with, smooth

VI．人称代词和物主代词
人称代词（主格）
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
I
you
he, she, it
复数
we
you
they

人称代词（宾格）
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
me
you
him, her, it
复数
us
you
them
注：动宾 give me, let us, send him…
介宾 about you, a picture of her, play with them…

物主代词（形容词性）
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
my
your
his, her, its
复数
our
your
their
☆☆☆（重要！背熟！）
主格（人称代词）
宾格
形容词性物主代词(所有格)
名词性物主代词
反身代词
第一人称单数I
me
my
mine
myself
二单you
you
your
yours
yourself
三单he
him
his
his
himself
三单she
her
her
hers
herself
三单it
it
its
its
itself
第一人称复数we
us
our
ours
ourselves
二复you
you
your
yours
yourselves
三复they
them
their
theirs
themselves
VII．固定搭配和语法要点
1. like to do eg, I like to swim this afternoon.
would like to do eg: would like to do相当于want to do，其后不能加doing
like doing eg, I like swimming in the sea.
2. hate to do eg, Most students hate to do any of their homework
hate doing eg: I hate typing letters. It’s boring.
3. let sb do sth eg, Let them clean the classroom.
let sb go doing sth. Let them go singing.
4. want to do sth. eg, The princess wants to buy a pretty dress
want to be eg, She wants to be a cook.
want sth eg, He wanted apples.
5. like+可数名词（复数）eg, We like beautiful flowers.
like+ 不可数名词（单数）eg, They like drinking water.
6. be afraid of sth eg, They are afraid of spiders
be afraid of doing sth eg, She was afraid of watching horror movies.
be afraid to do sth.. eg, I’m afraid to walk there, it’s too high.
7. Be good at sth
Be good at doing sth.
8. different/count/How many/ two…/like+可数名词（复数）
9. some+可数名词（复数）eg, She has some potatoes in the kitchen.
some在一般疑问句和否定句转换成any
May I have some…?在希望得到对方肯定回答时some不用变
同理： Would you like some…?
DO you want some…?
10. Can,could, may,might, ought to, must, will,would shall, should +动词原形
11. 助动词do, don’t; does, doesn’t; did, didn’t+动词原形
12. Will,be going to + 动词原形
13. Make sb do sth.
Let sb. do sth.
14. there be就近原则
15. 修饰something, anything, nothing的形容词应该放在此类词后，叫做形容词后置
如： Her father won’t let her do anything interesting.
Something dangerous, nothing fun
16. What’s this/that? 用It’s …回答。
What are these/those? 用They’re…回答。
17. 球类名词前零冠词。Play football, play basketball.
三餐前零冠词 have breakfast /lunch/ dinner/supper
季节前零冠词 in spring/summer/autumn/ winter
西洋乐器前一定要加冠词the, play the piano, play the violin.
江河湖海和山脉前要加the, the Yangtze River, the West Lake, the Yellow Mountain
18. In the east/south/west/north
19. on the farm, on the tree长树上, in the tree挂树上
20. be full of sth装满，充满某物 The park is full of people. Those baskets are full of food. (动词看主语)
21. feed…with…Mother Duck feeds her baby with some worms.
stay with sb.
play with sb.
22. drive sb. away
23. ☆the Spring Festival, Children’s Day, National Day以festival结尾的节日加the,以day结尾的不加the
☆…Festival的节日前介词用at, …Day的节日介词用on e.g. at the Mid-autumn Festival, on Children’s Day
24. ☆In the morning 泛指在早晨用in，在某一个特指的早晨用on： on a sunny morning
25. In the school 在学校
at school 上课
26. be late for school
a carnation/present for you
27. exciting adj. (游戏、比赛等)令人刺激的
The game is exciting.
Excited. Adj. 感到刺激的
I feel so excited.
28. The pair of shoes is nice.动词用什么形式取决于量词结构。The big bottles of juice are cheap.
29. Ask sb. (not) to do sth让某人（别）做某事
Tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人（别）做某事
30. ☆☆☆1I go to school on foot.= I walk to school. 2I go to school by bike.=I ride a bike to school.3I go to Hong Kong by plane/air.=I take a plane to Hong Kong.= I fly to Hong Kong.4 I go to the cinema by taxi/bus/underground/…= I take a/an taxi/bus/underground/…to the cinema.
31. finish doing sth
enjoy doing sth.
32. arrive in Beijing (大地方)， arrive at the swimming pool (小地方) reach Beijing（reach后直接跟地点）
33. ☆☆问职业的两种方法：What is your father? What does your father do? What are you? What do you do?
34. ☆☆问感觉的两种方法：How does the desk feel? How is the desk? How do you feel? How are you?
35. ☆☆问价格的两种方法：How much are the potatoes? How much do the potatoes cost? How much is the fish? How much does the fish cost?
36. 问频率（once，twice, three times, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never）How often…/How many times… How often do you go to the cinema? How many times a month do you visit your grandparents?
37. On one’s way home， on one’s way to school在某人回家、上学的路上On Kitty’s way home, she met a big bad wolf. On their way to school, they helped an old lady cross the road.
38. Help sb do sth=help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth在什么方面帮助某人：Sunny helps Allen with his English.
39. ☆☆It takes sb. Some time to do sth. 花某人多少时间做某事，用it做形式主语。 It took Sandy two hours to do his homework.
40. ☆☆Sb. Spend some time on sth. 某人花费多少时间在某事上
e.g. Mark spent one and half an hour on homework last weekends.
Mark上周末花了一个半小时在作业上。
41. ☆☆Sb. Spend some time in doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事
e.g. Mark spent one and half an hour in doing homework last weekends.
Mark上周末花了一个半小时做作业。

VIII．改变句型
五种句子类型
1、 To be (am, is , are/was, were)
2、 There be (there is /was, there are/were)
3、 含有can, may must, should, will等情态动词的句型
4、 To have (have, has, had)
5、 To do (do原型, does单三, did过去式)

四种时态
一般现在时：
表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。
We usually go to school at 7:30.
Jack likes Chinese food very much.
在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用一般现在时：everyday/week/year; often/always/usually/sometimes/never; on Sundays

现在进行时：
现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。
We are waiting for you.
Listen! She is singing an English song.
在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用现在进行时：look/listen/now; it’s 8:00; 对话状态，如---Where is your father? ---He’s washing his car in the garden.
一般过去时：
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；
I was late yesterday.
Mr. Smith bought a new car last week.
在句子中看到以下标志性词，通常使用一般过去时：yesterday; just now; ten minutes/five years ago; last night/week/year; this morning…

一般将来时:
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周 ）；in the future（将来）this ing Saturday, at once(立刻) 等。 一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称） 动词原形构成。美式英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。
They will go for a summer camp next Sunday.
Will Peter do his homework at once.
My family won’t go to Beijing tomorrow.

反意疑问句和选择疑问句:
反义疑问句
表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
He looks unhappy, doesn’t he?
They work hard, don’t they?
He is kind to his classmates, isn’t he?
They will watch a football match, won’t they?

选择疑问句
是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式。以一般疑问句的结构形式为基础，只是在语调上有所区别。
这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用升调，后一个用降调；如果有两个以上供选择的答案，则在最后一个用降调，其余都用低升调。
(to be) Is she a housewife or a nurse?
(there be) Are there any oranges or tomatoes in the fridge?
(can, may, must) Can you or Peter help the old lady cross the road?
(to have) Has Alice got a cake or a pizza?
(to do) Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs?
(to do将来时)Will Sammy go to the park or go to the cinema?
1.To be 句型改句
Eg: He is nine years old.
改否定句: He is not/isn’t nine years old.
改一般疑问句:Is he nine years old?
改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）1Who is nine years old? 2How old is he?
改一般过去时：He was nine years old.
(Was he nine years old? How old was he?)
改反意疑问句：He is nine years old, isn’t he?
改选择疑问句：1 Is he nine or ten years old? 2 Is he or she nine years old?
2.There be句型改句
Eg: There are some chocolates in the box.
改否定句There are not/aren’t any chocolates in the box.
改一般疑问句Are there any chocolates in the box?
改特殊疑问句（即划线部分提问）What’s in the box?
改一般过去时：There were some chocolates i