外研版高中英语必修三Module1-Europe基本知识.doc

Book 3 Module 1 Europe
●重点单词
1．across prep.横过；穿过
2．continental adj.大陆的；大洲的→continent n．大洲
3．face vt.面向；面对→facial adj.面部的
4．range n．山脉
5．situated adj.坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的→situation n．状况，位置
6．symbol n．象征；符号→symbolic adj.象征性的
7．located adj.位于→locate v．位于→location n．位置；场所
8．project n．计划；项目；工程
9．civilization n．文明→civilize v．使文明；有修养→civilized adj.有教养的
10．ancient adj.古代的
11．opposite prep.在……对面
12．sign vt.签署→signature n．签名
13．agreement n．协议；契约→agree v．同意→disagreement n．(反义词)不同意
14．govern vt.统治；治理→government n．政府→governor n．统治者
15．geographical adj.地理的→geography n．地理学
16．feature n．特点
●重点短语
1．off the coast of… 在离海岸不远的地方 on the coast of …在……海岸上
2．be located/situated in 位于
3．be famous for 因……而闻名 be well known to sb. 为某人所熟知
4．be known as 作为……而闻名
5．work on 工作；干……活
6．because of 因为 as a result of 由于；因为 owing to由于；因为; due to 因为
7．ever since 自从……以来 since then 从那时起一直到现在
8．refer to 意指，涉及
9．in terms of 据……；依照…… according to 根据；按照
10．on (the) one hand …, on the other hand… 一方面…….,另一方面……
11．little by little 逐渐地 step by step 一点一点地 one by one 一个一个地
12．with a population of 有……人口
13．have...in _mon with 与……有共同之处
14．have control over/of 对……加以控制 under the control 在……控制之下
take/gain control of 取得对……的控制 lost control of失去对……的控制
keep control of 保持对……的控制 beyond control 无法控制
in control of 管理 in the control of 失去控制
15. of all time有史以来 all the time 一直;始终 at times 有时;偶尔 at one time 一度;曾经
16. in mon 共同 in mon with和……相同
mon practice 惯例 mon sense 常识
17. pare with/to… 与……相比较 pare notes 交换意见
by parison 相比之下 in parison with/to… 与…… 相比
Word study:
1. range n. 排；连续；山脉；(变化等的)幅度；(知识等的)范围；区域；射程
v. 排列，使排队；(动植物)分布；(在一定范围内)变化，变动
Between France and Spain is another mountain range – the Pyrenees.
a wide range of 广泛的…；各种各样的
a full range of 各种……
within/in range of在……的范围内
beyond/out of one‘s range超越了…… 的范围
range from...to... 在……范围内变动，包括(由……到……)之间的各类事物
range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动
range over 范围涉及 range…in rows 把……排成队
eg. (1)The child was now out of her range of vision.这孩子已经走出了她的视线。
(2)There is a full range of activities for children.这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
(3)Estimates of the damage range between $ 1 million and $ 5 million.
估计损失在100万到500万美元之间。
(4)She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
2. situated = located adj. 坐落(某处)的；位于(某处的)
situate vt. 使位于，使处于 situation n. 情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置；形势，立场
be situated on / in/ at… 位于…… 的；处于……地位（境遇、状态）的
be located at/ in/ on…位于…… 的；处于……位置
be badly/well situated境况困难/良好
be in an embarrassing situation处境尴尬 save the situation 挽回局势
the international situation国际(国内)形势
feel out the situation 摸清底细 （情况）
location n. 位置，场所，所在地
on location 拍摄外景的，拍摄外景中
eg. (1)The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。
(2)He was very badly situated. 他处于困境中。
(3)I am now in a difficult situation. 我现在处境困难。
辨析：situate /locate
(1) be situated on/ in / at… 与be located on/ in / at…意义相同，都可表示“位于…的，坐落在…的”意思
Where will the school be situated /located?
(2) situated 做为形容词用时，可用于描述人或事物，意思是“处于……境况”。
--- How are you situated? 你情况如何？
--- Very badly. 坏极了
(3) locate 还可以表示“确定某物的位置，找出……的场所”之意。
We located the island on the map.
3. symbol n. 象征；符号
The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris.
Generally, we use X as the symbol for an unknown quantity.
symbol /sign/ signal
(1) symbol指作为象征意义或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
(2) sign指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
(3) signal指为某一目的而有意义的信号。
4. opposite prep. 在……对面 adj. 相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的　adv. 在对面　
n. 反义词，对立的事物，相反的人
The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.
The library is on the opposite side of the road from our school.
opposition n. 反对，敌对，相反　　 　oppositely adv. 相对地，对立地
be opposite from与……相反；不相容　 be opposite to在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite恰恰相反 be opposed to…反对……; 反抗……
in opposition to sb./sth. 反对……
eg.(1)The people sitting opposite us looked familiar.　坐在我们对面的人看上去面
(2)Light is opposite to shadow.　光亮与阴暗是相反的。
(3)Mary isn't shy at all—just the opposite in fact.玛丽一点都不腼腆，事实上正好相反。
(4)We sat opposite，talking.　我们相对而坐，说着话。
5. head n. 领导；领袖；头； v. 带领；向……方向前进
In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen.
When the engine caught fire, I just lost my head.
当head意为“领导；领袖；头；头脑”时是可数名词；但作为量词，表示“多少头”时不可用复数。
keep one’s head 保持冷静 lose one’s head 头脑不清醒，慌张
a clear/cool head 冷静/清醒的头脑 hold one’s head high 昂首挺胸
from head to foot 从头到脚；全身；完全 head for/ toward…朝……;向……
6. In terms of size and population, how big is the European Union pared with China?
(a). in terms of＝with regard to/according to/in the light of据……；依照……；在……方面
The job is great in teams of salary, but it has its disadvantages.
e to terms和解；妥协；让步 e to terms with甘心忍受
be on good/bad terms with与……关系很好(坏)
in the long (short) term从长远(眼前)来看
in any terms 无论如何，在任何情况下
be in terms 在谈判（交涉）中
keep on good (friendly) terms with sb. 与某人保持良好（友好）关系，交朋友
keep terms with sb. 与某人交往；与某人保持友好关系
be on equal terms 关系平等 on one’s terms 依照某人的条件
eg. (1)It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很难的。
(2)The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage.那些数字是以百分数表示的。
(3) In terms of money, her loss was small.从金钱的角度来讲，她的损失是很小的。
7. little by little一点一点地，慢慢地，逐渐地
bit by bit一点一点地 quite a little[美口]大量，丰富
little more than和……无差别(一样)
by little and little＝little by little逐渐地，一点点地
a little 一点儿 a bit of一点儿 a little bit 少量的
a little more /less 有点多/少 quite a bit 颇多
eg. (1)Little by little things returned to normal. 情况逐渐恢复正常。
(2)Graham was more than _a little_frightened by what he had seen.
格雷厄姆被他看到的事吓了一大跳。
【拓展】：not a little/not a bit
(1)not a little许多；很＝very
She was __not a little___ tired after the long journey. 经过长途跋涉，她非常累。
(2)not a bit一点儿也不＝not at all
I‘m _not a bit_tired now.我现在一点儿也不累。
Really, David is _not a bit__ like his brother as far as generosity is concerned.
的确，就慷慨大方这一点来说，大卫一点也不像他哥哥。
8. last: vi 持续 The rainy season lasted until July.
耐久 The coat lasts well.
vt. 熬过…时候；度过，足够维持 The food will last us three days.
9. influence vt. 影响；对……起作用；左右
n. 影响；作用；影响力
have an influence on sb./sth. 对……产生影响
have influence over sb./ sth.对……有影响力
under the influence of 受……影响 under the influence 喝醉的
10. pare v. 关于pare短语：①pared with和…比较（作状语，放于句首或句末）
②pare A to B 把A比作B ③pare A with B 把A和B作比较
11．on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说
at hand在手边，在附近；即将到来，即将发生 at first hand第一手地，直接地
at second hand第二手的；间接的；旧的；用过的 on every hand四面八方，四周
on the one hand...; on the other hand... 一方面……；另一方面……
at any hand＝in any hand在任何情况下；无论如何
eg. (1) He is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of people.
他是一个能干的人，但是另一方面，他对人要求太多了。
(2)On the one hand he loves her very much; on the other hand , he hates her pride.
他一方面非常喜欢她，另一方面又讨厌她的骄傲。
【拓展】：on the other hand / on the contrary
(1)on the other hand表示“另一方面”，说明同一件事的两个方面，并不表示相反的对立面。
多用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等。
(2)on the contrary表示“相反的”，用于对比指出与前面事情截然相反的方面。
相当于the opposite is true: not at all。
eg. (1)－I'm sure you like your new job. 我相信你喜欢你的新工作。
－On the contrary ，it's very dull. 正相反，新工作很乏味。
(2)I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.
我想卖掉房子，但另一方面我又无法容忍搬家的想法。
12．sign n. 记号，符号；迹象；征兆；痕迹　v. 签(名)；做手势；做记号
signature n. 签名　　 traffic signs 交通标志　　
a sign of rain下雨的预兆 talk by signs用手势交谈　
make/give a sign to对……做手势 sign in/out签到/签退
sign for/up签字领取/报名参加 sign sb. to do sth. 打手势让某人做某事
sign (your name) here, please.
eg. (1)There were no signs of life on the island.　那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。
(2)Nobody moved until I gave the sign.　在我发信号之前，谁也没动。
(3)He signs (to/for) me to stop.　他打手势让我停下。
(4)This is a registered letter, and someone will have to sign for it.
这是一封挂号信，必须有人签收才行。
(5)I'm thinking of signing up for the philosophy course this term.
我正在考虑这学期报名参加哲学课。
13. The United Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.
① off the coast of … 离陆地不远的海上
② on the coast 指在离海面附近的陆地上
I once stayed in a town on the south coast of England.
He died in a shipwreck off the south coast.
句中的off是介词，译为“与…相离，脱离”
eg. He lives in a villagea little away off the road. 他住在离大路不远的村子里。
It will be a good thing when those old cars are off the roads.那些旧车不再上路将是件大好事
from指从某个起点离开或行为从某个起点开始；off指离开或脱离某物。
②continental adj. 大陆的,大陆性的 continent大陆
a continental climate大陆性气候
continental breakfast 欧式早餐（只供应面包、咖啡的简单早餐）
continental divide 大陆分水岭 continental drift 大陆漂移
continental shelf 大陆架 the Continental Congress 大陆会议
continent (C) n.大陆 Asia 亚洲 Africa 非洲
North America 北美洲 South America 南美洲
Europe 欧洲 Australia 澳洲 Antarctica 南极洲
the New Continent 新大陆，指南北美洲大陆
14. France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.
③ Europe’s third largest country 形容词的 最高级 级前加上了序数词third 来修饰，如
eg. The second most expensive suit cost me 1000 yuan. 第二贵的西服花了我1000。
④ face n. 脸；面，表面 v. 面对，面临；朝向；正视
【拓展】 in (the) face of 面对 be faced with 面临/面对……
make a face (＝make faces) 做鬼脸；扮怪相 face up to 大胆面向
hit sb. in the face 打中某人的脸 save one‘s face 保全面子
lose one’s face 失面子 face to face 面对面
with a smile on one’s face 面带微笑 fly in the face of 公然反抗
eg. (1)_Faced with_difficulty, we didn't give in.面对困难，我们没有屈服。
(2)The house faces (to the) south. 这房子朝南。
(3)Liu Hulan faced the enemy bravely /with courage.刘胡兰勇敢地面对敌人。
(4)If anything goes wrong, it is I who will have to face the music.
如果出了什么问题，负责任的是我。
15. 三种常见倍数句式：
①倍数+as+adj/adv(原型)+as
②倍数+adj/adv(比较级)+than
③倍数+the size /length /depth… of
16. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands.
① Part of /half of /two thirds of /20 percent of + 可数名词复数+ 复数谓语
Part of /half of /two thirds of /20 percent of + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语
eg. Nearly 70 percent of the students wear glasses. 接近70%的学生都戴眼镜。
Half of the food was wasted. 一半的食物都浪费了
② cover v. 覆盖 cover A with B== A is covered with/by被…..所覆盖
from cover to cover 从头到尾 under cover 被守护
17. be situated(located) on/in 位于某处 more than超过；不仅仅
be famous for因…而出名 be famous as作为…而出名
be famous to 为…所熟知 two-thirds三分之二
the second largest city 第二个最大的城市 be designed by (sb.)由…所设计
work on从事 not…until直到…才…
because of 由于 in the 1300s在14世纪
last for持续 of all time 一直，有史以来
such as例如 ever since 从那以后
●重点句型
1．France is Europe‘s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel. 法国是欧洲第三大国，越过英吉利海峡与英国隔海相望。
across prep. (表示运动)横过，越过（表示位置）在……的对面
The old man walked across the road
cross v. 越过 cross the street 穿过大街 crossing (C)十字路口
2. Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediteranean... 意大利在欧洲南部……
on（表示接近）接近于…,面向…（河川、道路等的）旁边，沿着，朝着…
a town on the river 河畔的城镇
Paris is located on the River Seine. 巴黎位于塞纳河上。
on表示事物与另一区域的接壤关系；to表示事物对区域范围之外的另一事物的位置；in表示在范围内。
3．Their work has influenced other writers ever since.他们的作品影响了后世的作家。
4．The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States.
扩展后的欧盟人口超过五亿，是美国人口的两倍。
II. Lauguage points:
2. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.
work on  (sth)   “继续工作，对…起作用”
= contribute to从事，致力于 spend time/energy on sth.
eg.他近期一直忙着写新小说。He is working on his new novel in these days.
【拓展】： work at 从事于…  致力于… work out  做出；算出
3. Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.
1)“Florence is an Italian city”是该句的主要成分，其后which引导的是定语从句，修饰city。从句中“a great artistic movement...”是the Renaissance的同位语，这个同位语中又包含一个定语从句 “which began in ... years”来修饰movement。
2) because of “由于，因为” (后接n./doing/pron)
＝thanks to, owning to，as a result of ,due to，on account of
而because是一个连词，后者接句子。
试比较：He was late because of the rain yesterday. He was late because it rained yesterday.
3) in the 1300s 意为“在14世纪30年代”，注意表示“……世纪……年代”时，
要在年代后加s，类似的表达有：in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁时。
eg. When he was ________, he got seriously ill ______ his addiction to smoking.
A. in his twenty; because of B. in his twenties; because C. in his twenties; because of
4. Their work has influenced over writers ever since.
ever since “从那以后”，要和现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last (month), in/for the past＋ 一段时间,since...ago等。
eg.　①He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since .
他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。
②I haven‘t seen her since ten years ago. 自十年前至今，我没见过她。
③We have pleted half of the work so far . 到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。
④The couple have been working very hard for/in the last(past ) ten years.
在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。
【拓展】：(1)It is/was/has been＋时间段＋since从句（过去时）...自从……已经多久了
It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军3年了。
It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟3年了(不吸烟)。
（2）It will be/was＋时间段＋before从句...再有多长时间才……
It was 2 years before we met each other again.
It will not be long before he knows the truth.过不了多久，他就会知道真相，
(3) 在 It is/was＋时间段＋since...句型中，若 since从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化。
eg.　How long do you suppose it is ______ he arrived there?(D)
A．when B．before　　　C．after D．since
思维拓展
1. opposition [U] 反对，敌对 oppositely adv.相反地
2. beside 和besides 的用法：
beside prep. 在…的旁边
besides prep. & adv. 除了…之外
next 后接宾语须有to； near为介词，可直接接宾语
3. none 与 no one none可指人、物，可与of连用，用来回答how many 的提问，谓语单复数皆可。no one只可以指人，不与of 连用，谓语为单数，用来回答who的提问。
Neither, none, no one, nothing表示全部否定，not与all, both, every连用表示部分否定。
Eg: Both of them won’t go there.他们两个人不会都去那儿。
4. calm 平静的，沉着的，指无风浪的或人的心情不激动。
still 静止的，不动的，指没有运动或动作。
silent 沉默的，不发音的。
5. paint指用颜料画，如油画颜料、水彩或者水墨画；draw通常指用铅笔、钢笔或者粉笔画，后者一般并不涂上颜色。
6. imagination n. 想象力，思想 beyond imagination 出乎意料地
draw on (one’s) imagination 杜撰，编造 have a good imagination 想象力好
have a poor imagination 想象力差
7. Don’t mention it. 不要客气；不用谢。哪里，哪里（客套话）。
(not) worth mentioning （不）值得一提
8. belong to 没有被动形式，无进行时，类似的短语还有: take place, e about, e out, e up, e true, break out, run out, take part in等。
9. increase指形状、大小、数量、程度等的增大；enlarge主要指大小、体积、范围、能力等的增大；multiply主要指增加数量，通过繁殖来增加。
课文部分练习题：
1．There had been no ____of life on Mars so far, though great efforts have been made on research.
A．symbol 　B．sign　　　　　C．mark 　D．signal
2．Known ______ a writer, Jin Yong, whose real name is Zha Liangyong, is well known ______ Chinese people ______ his wonderful works.
A．as; for; to B．for; to; as　　　　　C．as; to; for 　D．to; as; for
３．______ with so much trouble, we failed to plete the task on time.
A．Faced B．Face　　　 C．Facing D．To face
４．For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educatio