初三定语从句宾语从句说课材料.doc

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第十一讲 定语从句&宾语从句
（一）、定义：  在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1 2、 3、
（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做 )
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做 )
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book is yellow?
（三）、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词　：when与where、why、在从句中作状语。
先行词指时间when = in / at / on / during which
I will never forget the days when/on which we stayed in the summer holiday.
I will never forget the days that we spent in the summer holiday
先行词指地点where = in / at / from / which
The factory where/in which we worked 3 years ago is missing now.
The factory that /which we visited 3 years ago is missing now.
先行词指原因why = for which
The reason why/for which you didn’t come to school is funny.
The reason which/that you explained me is unbelievable.

【总结】：
一、 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：

代替人
代替物
代替人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom／who
which
that
定语
whose（＝of whom）
whose（＝of which）

　　1.This is the doctor who came from London.
　　2.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.
　　3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
4. This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.　
二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：
只能用that的情况：
　　1．如果先行词是all， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
　　例如：All that are present burst into tears.
　　2．如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that， 不用which。
例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
3．先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：
 He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. 
4先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：
He was the second person that told me the secret.
　5．先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。
　　例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

（二）．which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。　　
例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
（三）．“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代词常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。　
例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
　　像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。
例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
一、 典型例题
( )1、 -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
-Yes， he‘s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
( )2、The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which； is B. whom； was
C. who； is D. who； was
( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic ___actors are very famous?
A who B whose C that D whom
( )4、Ann asked the policeman ___he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A with him B with whom C who D whom
( )5、A child ____parents are dead is called an orphan.
A which B his C whose D with
( )6、This is the reason ______ he told me.
A、that B、why C、on which D、for that
( )7、Do you know the scientist _______ gave us a talk just now?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
( )8、This is the dictionary _______ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
( )9、Shaolin Temple ________ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.
A. where B. which C. who D. what
( )10、—Do you know the girl _______ is standing under the tree?
—She is my little sister.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

【中考范例】
1. (2004年哈尔滨)
  ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
  ---Yes, he does.  A. which  B. whose  C. where  D. who
 2. (2004年常州市)
  The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
  A. who  B. where  C. what  D. that
 3. (2004年扬州市)
  ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?
  ---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
  A. whom  B. who  C. whose  D. which
 4. (2004年益阳市) I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
  A. whose  B. whom  C. which  D. who
5. (2008 河北) This is the dictionary ____ Mum give me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
6. (2008 广东) I have bought the camera ____ was advertised on TV.
A. what B. why C. which D. who
7. (2008哈尔滨) If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone
_____ works hand.
A. Which B. / C. whom D. who
8.(2008福州) --- Do you know the girl ____ is standing under the tree?
--- She is my little sister.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
9.(2008河南) Shaolin Temple ____ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.
A. where B. which C. who D. what
10.(2008吉林) This is the question ___ we are talking about now.
A. that B. who C. where D. when
11.(2008绍兴) Even teachers can’t understand some expressions __ their students use in daily life.
A. whose B. who C. that D. whom
12.(2008 襄樊|) I like writers ____ write about stories.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
13.(2008 辽宁) That is the man ____ saved ten children in the earthquake.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
14.(2008 宜昌) ---- What do you think of the book A Haw Tree was written by a woman writer?
A. when B. that C. who D. where

三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
11. Do you know the lady ____ is standing under the tree?
12. The boy ____ gave me the raincoat just now is my brother.
13. This is the girl ____ friends often come to see me.
14. I live in the building ____ is very near here.
15. She is not like the girl ___ she used to be.
16. Any student ____ finishes his test early should check his paper.
17. On Mei Mei’s way home she saw the person _____ her teacher always spoke of.
18. He laughs best ___ laughs last.
19. All ____ you have to do is to study hard.
20. I like my hometown ____ I was born.

四、课后练习
( )1. Beijing is the 29th city _______ holds the Olympic Games.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
( )2. Have you read the book _______ I gave you yesterday?
A. that B. when C. where
( )3. The man _______ came to our party with a present is my old friend.
A. when B. which C. who
( )4. I like writers _______ write short stories.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
( )5. This is the question _______ we are talking about now.
A. that B. who C. where D. when
( )6. —What are you looking for?
—I am looking for the book _______ I bought yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whose
( )7. Jack, there is someone in the office _______ would like to speak with you.
A. who B. which C. whom
( )8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _______ works hard.
A. which B. / C. whom D. who
( )9. Many young people prefer the songs _______ have great lyrics.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
( )10. Even teachers can’t understand some expressions _______ their students use in daily life.
A. whose B. who C. that D. whom
( )11. The bridge ____ a big ship can go has been built.
A. under which B. under that
C. in which D. on which
( )12. The book ____ is torn is mine.
A. the cover of which B. the cover of that
C. which the cover D. whose cover of
( )13. He talked about the classmates and the school ____ he had visited.
A. who B. that
C. which D. about which
( )14. You have seen the girl ____ sister is a Chinese teacher.
A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which
( )15. We should do all ____ is useful to people.
A. / B. that C. it D. which
( )16. We came to a place ____ they had never paid a visit before.
A. which B. in which
C. on which D. to which
( )17. Those ____ finished doing it put up your hands.
A. who have B. who has
C. which have D. have
( )19. The man ____ was a friend of mine.
A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to
( )20. I went to the school ____ my father once worked.
A. that B. which
C. where D. on which
( )21. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who
( )22. The weather turned out to be very good, _______was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
( )23. Carol said the work would be done by October, ___ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
( )24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ___ , of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
( )25. Have you seen the film "Titanic", ________ leading actor is world famous?
A. its B. it's C. whose D. which

只供学习与交流
主过，从过；主不过，从随意；从真理，一般现在永不变。

Part 2 宾语从句
一． 考点点睛。
考点一：时态

1.主过，从过：当主句是过去时的时候，从句要改为过去的对应时态，
Eg：I know you're right. 过去时 I knew you were right.
2.主不过，从随意：当主句不是过去时的时候，从句时态不受限
一、 从真理，一般现在永不变：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时
eg：My mom told that Beijing is the capital of China.
考点二：语序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序，即：主语+谓语，
译一译：我不知道他是谁。______________________________________________
考点三：连接词
(1）陈述句，引导词_____________
当从句是 (2)一般疑问句________________
(3)特殊疑问句_______________

如：I know______________he is a good student.
我想知道她的答案是正确的吗____________________________________
Where does she live? Do you know?（合并成一句）
_______________________________________________________________
特别注意：只能用whether不能用if的情况
①与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming.
②在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.
③在不定式之前： We haven’t decided whether to go there.
二． 中考地带。
1.(2010 .河北中考 Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?
A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it
C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it
2.(2010.盐城中考)—Excuse me .Could you tell me_____I can get to the Space Museum?
--Of course.You can take bus No.1.
A.where B.how C.if D.why
3.（2010.自贡中考）—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?
--Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.
A.how much she paid for B.how much will she pay for C.how much did she pay for
4.(2010潍坊中考)Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds .
A.what B.when C.why D.where
5.（2010南京中考）—Do you know ________the girl in red is ?
--I’m not sure.Maybe a teacher.
A.when B.how C.where D.what
6.(2010上海中考)I want to know ________.
A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport
C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at
9. （2010·晋江中考） --Would you please tell me __________?
--At 10:00 this evening.
A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave
C. when does the train leave
10.（2010成都中考）—Could you tell me________?
--Fill in this form and I will give you a card.
A.how I can meet Cathy B.where I can meet Cathy C.when I can meet Cathy