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非谓语动词一览表.doc
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1、非谓语动词一览表非谓语动词主动式被动式可充当的句子成分动词不定式to doto be done主语宾语表语定语补语状语插入语to be doing/to have doneto have been doneto have been doing/动名词doingbeing done主语宾语表语定语having donehaving been done现在分词doingbeing done表语定语补语状语插入语having donehaving been done过去分词done动词不定式的基本用法:一. 语法功能: 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾
2、语补足语(主语补足语)、状语以及插入语(独立成分),唯独不可作谓语。 (主语)To scold her would not be just. (宾语)We are planning to build a Disney park here. (宾补)They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. (表语)Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation. 仔细分析当前的形势是我们最迫切的任务。(定语)D
3、o you have anything else to add? 还有什么要补充的吗(目的状语)Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones. 惩前毖后。(结果状语)He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject. 他大讲了一通,只暴露他对这门学科的无知。(程度状语)I dont know her to speak to. 我认识她还不到能与她谈话的程度。(原因状语) We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the wor
4、k. (独立成分) To put it another way, do you like him? To be honest, I dont know anything about it.I. 作主语:1. To say is easier than to do. = Saying is easier than doing.2. To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing.3. How to go there hasnt been decided yet. 4. Who to blame for the traffic accident is stil
5、l a puzzle.5. Whether to go or stay is not known.6. It is important to study English well and go to college.7. It is our duty to give a hand to people in trouble.8. It takes me three hours to do house cleaning on Sundays.9. To master a foreign language is very important。=It is very important to mast
6、er a foreign language.【总结归纳】不定式作主语,用It代替主语,而把不定式后置,常见句型:1 It is + adj. (important, possible, impossible, necessary, hard, difficult, easy, strange, natural,) + (for sb.) to do sth.It is + adj. ( honest, brave, foolish, clever, careful, kind, wise, careless, good, nice, silly, stupid, impolite) +(of
7、sb.) to do sth.eg: It is quite necessary for us to learn English well. It was very brave of you to jump into the river to save the girl.In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. It is kind of you to help me. = You are kind to help me .It was foolish of yo
8、u to believe him. = Ii is foolish of you to have believed himright, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. eg. Its right/wrong for / of him to do the work alone.2 It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + to do sth.eg. Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middl
9、e School.3It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, days, patience) + to do sth.eg: It requires patience to learn English well.4 . It made sb. + adj. (excited, frightened , angry ) + to do sth. eg: It made me delighted to have been invited to give you a speech here. II. 作表语:当句子的主语是aim, idea, polic
10、y, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主语所包含内容。例如:1. Our most important task now is to make a plan.2. What I would suggest is to start work at once.3. At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.4. The problems remain to be unsettle
11、d. 5. His fathers task is to raise pigs and goats.6. My question is when to start the work.7. The problem is whether to buy a bigger computer.8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.9. All that we have to do is(to)practice speaking English every day.
12、What we have to do is(to)practice speaking English every day.III. 作宾语 1. Do you agree to lend him 200 yuan to buy a birthdays gift? 2. They managed to pass the driving test.3. We determine to study English harder than before. 4. I dont know what to do next.5. He refused to accept the present.6. He t
13、ried to avoid answering my questions.7. The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.【总结归纳】1)只可以接不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, afford, expect, _etc.2) Eg. We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wai
14、t.3) 用it作形式宾语,宾语补足语后置,find, think, consider, believe, feel, make + it + adj. / n. + to do sth.eg: I find it very interesting to talk with you. Do you think it a pity to miss a wonderful film? Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.IV. 宾语补足语 在SVOC句型中,许多动词都可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。eg: You should
15、 get them to help you Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here. Parents want their children to develop fully. Please ask John not to turn off the air-condition. He encouraged me to talk to him in English. They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.He often made his workers wor
16、k 10 hours a day, but recently he has been made to reduce the worhing hour. 【总结归纳】1) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to,常用于以下动词和动词词组之后: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, cause, force, invite, warn, forbid, get, vote for, call on, count on, rely on, depend on, long for, wait for
17、等。但在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面常跟to be作宾补,也可省略 to be.eg. They believe him (to be ) honest. I find her (to be ) humorous. You cant imagine them (to be ) careful and interesting.2) 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to ( 但变为被动语态时要加 to )一些表示“致使”意义的动词, 即let, have, make;一些表示“感觉”的动
18、词,五看两听一感觉(listen to, watch, observe, notice, look at , see, hear, listento, feel.)Eg: Dont let the children trouble you. I heard someone open the door.Someone was heard to open the door. His father made him go to bed early. He was made to go to bed by his father.3) help 后to 带不带都可以。Eg: He often helps
19、 (to) do some housework at home. He helped an old man ( to ) walk across the street.V. 作定语 不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词或代词。1). 动词不定式作定语,与所修饰名词有动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend. He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. She has a child to take care of.It seems that he has no pen
20、to write with. I have a lot to talk about with you.区别:Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? Exx. He has many letters _( write). He is looking for a large room _( live ) in. Please give me a piece of paper _ ( write ) on. Please give me a pen _ ( write ) with.I want to buy
21、a knife _ ( cut ) apples with.Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office _. A. to send it to B. to send it C. to be sent to D. to have it sent I would like to buy an expensive camera. Well. We have several models _. A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen D. fo
22、r choosing I am going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything _ to your son?A. taken B. to take C. to be taken D. take 2). He has no money and no place to live ( in ). The Central Park is a good place for people to rest and relax ( in ). I have no time to write to you ( in ). Spring is a good sea
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