外研版高中英语必修一Module3.doc

单词
1．match vt.&n.使……(和……)调和，相配
归纳拓展
match＋n.＋to/with＋n. 把……和……搭配起来/调和起来
match＋n.＋in/for＋n. 在某方面与……匹敌，成为……的对手
match＋n.＋against/with＋n. 使……和……交手/比赛
match＋n.或match＋adv.和……调和/适合/与……相配
match up 归类，配套，搭配
例句：The aim of the petition is to match the quote to the person who said it.
比赛的要求是把引文和其作者搭配在一起。
I never match him in English.
We are matched against last year's champions in the first round.我们在第一回合就和去年的冠军比赛。
It's a good match for her dress.
同类辨析
suit，fit与match
这三个单词都含有“适合”的意思，其区别是：
(1)suit意为“适合”，多指衣服的颜色、款式、质地上适合某人，穿起来协调、好看，合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。
同类辨析
(2)fit用作动词，意为“与……相符，(使)符合，适合”，多指衣物、鞋子等尺寸或大小合身、合脚。
(3)match意为“使相称，使相配，使匹配”，指事物在大小、色调、性质等方面的搭配。
【链接训练】
①—Your tie looks smart.It ________ with your shirt perfectly.
—Thanks.
A．matches B．meets
C．agrees D．fits
【解析】它和你的衬衫很相配。match指“(颜色等)相搭配”；B项meet“满足”；C项agree“同意”；D项fit指“大小合适”。故正确答案为A。【答案】　A
②—Will Thursday or Friday________you?
—Either will________.
A．fit；be B．fit；OK
C．suit；all right D．suit；do
【解析】suit指“合某人的意”，第一句是：“周四还是周五合你的意”，do此处意为“合意”、“哪一天都行”。【答案】D
2．distance n．距离；路程(常接介词to，from，between)
归纳拓展
(1)at a distance相距稍远，相隔一段距离
at a distance of... 在……远的地方in the distance在远处
keep one's distance from sb./sth.与某人/某物保持一定距离
keep sb.at a distance 与某人保持距离，不与某人亲近
(2)distant adj.远的；久远的；远离的；冷淡的(常接介词from)
be distant towards sb.对某人冷淡be distant from... 离……远
例句：They saw a few houses in the distance.
The dog looked dangerous，so I decided to keep my distance from it.这只狗看上去很危险，因此我决定与它保持距离。
Instead of stopping to speak，she passed by with only a distant nod.
【链接训练】
An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards，approximately ________ from Marathon to Athens.
A．distance B．the distance
C．is the distance D．the distance is
【解析】the distance from Marathon to Athens是前面26 miles and 385 yards的同位语，属于特指，【答案】B
3．frighten vt.使吃惊，惊吓　vi. 惊恐，害怕，受惊吓
归纳拓展
(1)frighten sb./sth.away/off将某人或某物吓跑
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
(2)frightening adj.引起恐惧的；惊恐的；可怕的
frightened adj.受惊的；恐惧的
(3)be frightened of＝be afraid of害怕
be frightened at/by 对……害怕，被……吓坏了
be frightened to do sth.害怕做……be frightened that...害怕……
例句：The eagle suddenly flew in the air and frightened me.
He will never forget the frightening experience.
He was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building.【链接训练】
—And then the ________ wind blew the roof off.
—Oh，you must have been ________.
A．frightened；frightened B．frightening；frightening
C．frightened；frighteningv D．frightening；frightened
【解析】　第一个空作定语，说明wind的性质、特征，用frightening；第二个空作表语，说明前面主语的情况，用frightened，表示“人感到恐惧的”。【答案】　D
4．supply vt.供应；提供；补充；满足　n．[U]供应，供给；供应量 (pl.)供应品，一批东西，生活用品
归纳拓展

(2)a supply of... ……的供应量 (be)in short supply短缺
例句：They supplied the homeless children with food and clothing.
＝They supplied food and clothing to/for the homeless children.
A new supply of shoes is expected shortly.
【链接训练】
The government has ________ plenty of food and clothes of high quality to the people in Yushu.
A．suffered B．arranged
C．adjusted D．supplied
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。supply sth. to sb.“提供给某人某物”，符合题意。suffer“遭受，忍受”；arrange“安排”；adjust“调整”。【答案】　D
短语
1．refer to 提到，说到，涉及；向某人询问；查阅，参考
归纳拓展
(1)refer...to...让……参阅/参照，认为……起源于；把……提交给(以求获得帮助等)
(2)refer to...as把……称作
refer to a dictionary查字典refer to sb./sth.提到某人/物
例句：The dispute was referred to the United Nations.
In his speech，he didn't refer to the problem at all.
California is referred to as the “Golden State”．
【链接训练】
①It was foolish of him to________ his notes during the test, and as a result, he got punished.
A．stick to B．keep to
C．refer to D．point to
【解析】　考查关于to的动词短语。结果，他受到了惩罚。refer to“参照，参考”，符合题意。stick to“坚持”；keep to“遵守，信守”；point to“指出”。均与题意不符。【答案】　C
②Many people suggested that the thief________put into prison.However，the lawyer didn't agree.
A．referred to be B．referred to
C．referring to be D．referred be
【解析】　考查suggest意为“建议”时，后面跟的宾语从句用虚拟语气的用法，谓语动词用(should) do形式；又referred to 过去分词在句中作后置定语，故正确答案为A【答案】　A
2．get on上(车、船等)；进展；进行；相处；继续进行，进行下去
归纳拓展
get across 被理解，把……讲清楚
get away (from)逃离；(谈话)偏离(主题)
get off 下车；动身，出发
get down to 开始认真(做某事)(to为介词)
get on/along with 进行；进展；与……相处
get around 传播get through 通过；做完；看完；打通(xx)
例句：How does Gina get on with her colleagues?
He saw a girl get on the bus.
The workers couldn't get on for lack of materials.
【链接训练】
①—Isn't David an efficient manager?
—Er，David is really great，but sometimes he has problems________his ideas.
A．getting around B．getting along
C．getting across D．getting off
【解析】　get (sth.) across (to sb.)“使(某事)被人理解”。如：He is not very good at getting his ideas across.他不善于表达思想。其他选项均不合题意。【答案】　C
②Scarcely could he ________ this amount of work in two days.
A．get off B．get into
C．get down D．get through
【解析】　考查动词短语。句意为：他是不可能在两天之内完成这些工作的。get off“下车；动身，出发”；get into“参与；开始从事”；get down“记下，写下”；get through在此意为“做完”，符合题意。【答案】　D
3．take off(飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；突然大受欢迎；迅速流行；匆匆离开(常与for连用)；取下来，去掉，取消
归纳拓展
take down拿下，记录下，拆卸take back带回，收回(话)
take...for granted认为……理所当然，理应如此
take up占据，拿起，着手处理，从事，开始(做)；接纳(乘客)，继续 take over接管，接任
例句：The plane took off despite the fog.
It's very warm in the room and you'd better take off your coat.
Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.
【链接训练】
Sun Yue，a promising new star，said goodbye to CBA for NBA and is ready to______in a new world of basketball.
A．take off B．get off C．turn off D．e off
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。take off此处意为“(事业)腾飞”，符合句意。get off“下(车、船等)；动身”；turn off“关掉”；e off“脱落，与……分离”。【答案】　A
4．out of date过时的，过期的，老式的
归纳拓展
(1)up to date现代化的，最新式的
make a date for sth.定下做某事的日期
have a date with sb.同某人约会
date back to/from追溯到……，始建于……
(2)out of breath上气不接下气，气喘吁吁
out of control失控out of reach够不着
out of order出毛病out of the question不可能
out of question不成问题；毫无疑问
4．out of date过时的，过期的，老式的
归纳拓展
(1)up to date现代化的，最新式的
make a date for sth.定下做某事的日期
have a date with sb.同某人约会
date back to/from追溯到……，始建于……
(2)out of breath上气不接下气，气喘吁吁
out of control失控out of reach够不着
out of order出毛病out of the question不可能
out of question不成问题；毫无疑问
【链接训练】
①—Isn't it better that you wear this dress to attend the party?
—No，it's ________.
A．up to date B．out of date
C．behind the time D．of date
【解析】　out of date是固定短语，意为“过时的”。句意为：——穿这件礼服去参加晚会难道不是很好吗？——不，它已经过时了。【答案】　B
②You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ________.
A．date B．shape
C．order D．balance
【解析】　out of shape是“变形”的意思，根据前面“你坐在我的帽子上”可判断出帽子是“变形”了。out of date意为“过时”；out of order意为“混乱”；out of balance意为“失衡”。
【答案】　B
句型
1．Where do you think most of the people live，in the central part of the country or on the coast?
归纳拓展
(1)where do you think是一种复合特殊疑问句。其结构是：特殊疑问词＋do you think＋陈述语序。从语法角度讲，do you think是插入语。无论疑问词在句中作什么成分，think后面都用陈述语序。除think外，常见的动词还有believe，suppose，imagine，guess和suggest等。
(2)I think，I believe，I suppose，I guess，I imagine，I find，I understand，I trust，I know，I say，I hear等可用作插入语，置于句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开，此类插入语，若置于定语从句中可不用标点隔开。
例句：What do you think the central part of the country is like？你认为国家的中部怎么样？
Whom do you suppose he would go with?
你认为他会和谁一起去？
It was fortunate，he thought，that the rain had stopped.
他想幸好雨停了。
【链接训练】
________ you have seen both fighters，________ will win?
A．Since；do you think who　
B．When；whoever
C．As；who you think
D．Since；who do you think
【解析】　第一空考查引导词，根据句意选择since意为“既然”；第二个空考查句子结构，即“特殊疑问词＋do you think＋陈述句”结构，故答案为D。
【答案】　D

归纳拓展
(1)Would you mind...？后面接名词、动名词以及if引导的从句。if从句中要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。但Do you mind后的if从句不用过去时态。
(2)回答Would you mind或Do you mind...？问句时，一定要特别注意前后文的一致性，常见的表示“不介意”的答语有：Certainly not；Not at all；Not a bit；No，go ahead。表示“介意”的答语是：I'm sorry，but I do；Yes，I do mind；I'm sorry，but you'd better not。
【链接训练】
—Would you mind________over one seat？My wife and I can sit together.
—________.I'd like to help you.
A．move；Yes
B．moving；Of course not
C．to move；Of course
D．moving；Certainly
【解析】　would you mind后面接名词、动名词，排除A、C；根据答语可知应为“不介意”，排除D，答案为B。
【答案】　B
语法
1．过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(1)及物动词的过去分词单独作定语既可表被动又可表完成。
例句：Have you read the books written by the young writer？你读过那位年轻作家的作品吗？
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，而是强调动作的完成。
例如：fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
(3)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
例句：We needed much more qualified workers.
我们需要更多的合格的工人。
有些单个的过去分词也可以作后置定语，用来强调动作，如invited，received，used等。
例句：They decided to change the material used.
他们决定更换使用的材料。
(4)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例句：The girl dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The girl who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的女孩子是我的女儿。
(5)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no＋thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
例句：Is there anything unsolved？还有没解决的事吗
(6)单个过去分词与名词或副词构成复合形容词时，放在其修饰的名词前作前置定语。
例句：This is a stateowned factory.
这是一家国有工厂。
【链接训练】
①Tom looked at Jenny, with tears filling his eyes, and shouted out the words________ in his heart for years.
A．hiding B．hidden
C．to hide D．to be hidden
【解析】　考查过去分词作定语。句意为；汤姆看着珍妮，眼里充满了泪水。大声吼出了他这些年藏在心里的话。hidden在此作后置定语修饰words，相当于定语从句which were hidden in his heart for years。
【答案】　B
②The Town Hall ________ in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time.
A．to be pleted B．having been pleted
C．pleted D．being pleted
【解析】　句意为：建立于19世纪初的市政厅是当时最与众不同的建筑。根据句意可知The Town Hall后需加后置定语，根据in the 1800's可知已完成，故选C。
【答案】　C
③The professor，________ out the project，made a ment on the report.
A．was opposed to carry B．opposed to carry
C．opposed to carrying D．opposed carrying
【解析】　短语be opposed to sth./doing sth.意思为“反对(做)某事”。此处用过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句who was opposed to carrying。
【答案】　C
2．过去时间状语
一般过去时主要表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情况，其用法主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作或状态。
例句：Last night we went to enjoy a good performance.
昨天晚上我们看了一场不错的演出。
(2)表示过去的习惯动作，通常同时间状语或频度状语连用。
例句：He smoked a lot five years ago.
五年前他吸烟很厉害。
(3)used to含有强烈的今昔对比意味，可以和状态动词连用；而would表示过去常常的意思时，不能与状态动词连用，常与表示具体动作的词连用。
例句：There used to stand a tower at the foot of the hill.
过去山脚下耸立着一座塔。(不用would)
(4)在句型It is time that...，It is about time that...和It is high time that...后的从句中以及在would rather，would sooner，had rather，had sooner后的从句中用一般过去时表示对目前的虚拟。
例句：It's high time that we went to school.
早该是我们上学的时间了。
I had rather you came next week.
我宁愿你下周来。
【链接训练】
①My uncle now teaches French in a famous domestic university, who ________ Paris for 6 years.
A．have lived B．lived
C．was living D．had lived
【解析】　表示对过去的事实的陈述用一般过去时。
【答案】　B
②—Excuse me，visiting hours are over.It's time for you to leave.
—I'm sorry.I ________ the time，or I would have left earlier.
A．don't know B．haven't known
C．was knowing D．didn't know
【解析】　根据句意，“你说话之前我不知道”，所以表示的是过去的动作，用一般过去时。
【答案】　D
③My brother went to Japan two years ago.He ______ there for a few months and then went to America.
A．worked
B．would work
C．would be working
D．has been working
【解析】　考查谓语动词的时态。根据后面动词went可知，此句三个动作为并列关系，用一般过去时。
【答案】　A
④A vast area north of the Yangtze River ________ by the first heavy snow of the new year，causing difficulties to the postfestival road transport.
A．were affected B．was affected
C．had affected D．has affected
【解析】　由by the first heavy snow可知大雪发生在过去，应用过去时。根据句意，a vast area与affect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，此外，根据主语是a vast area表单数，可知选B。
【答案】　B

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