初中英语语法精讲+精练-宾语从句.docx

一、意义：在一个复合句子中，宾语是一个句子，我们把这个句子叫宾语从句。二、宾语从句的结构：主语+谓语+if/ whether/ that/ 特殊疑问词+主语+谓语。如：一）that引导的宾语从句：1.He thinks that she is a good girl.他认为她是一个好女孩儿。2.Im afraid that Ihave made a mistake.我恐怕我犯了一个错误。3.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.他缺席的原因是他病了。4.He said that he knew you.他说他知道你。5.He thinks that hes the cleverest in his class.他认为他是班上最聪明的。6.She said in her letter that she would come next month.她在信中说，她将会下个月来。7.He thought that he was strong and that only he could help them.他认为他是强壮的，并且认为只有他能帮助他们。8.Lily said that she was at home at that time.莉莉说那个时候她正在家里。二）if/ whether引导的宾语从句：当后边没有or not时，能用if或whether；当后边有or not时，只能用whether。9.Could you tell me if/ whetheryour brother is a league member?你能告诉我你的哥哥是否是一个共青团员？10.Idont know if/ whether theyre talking about me.我不知道他们是否正在谈论我。11.Can you tell me whether the old man is alive or not?你能告诉我那个老人是否还活着？12.He asked me if/ whether Icould help him pick apples next week.他问我，我是否能够在下周帮他摘苹果。三）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：13.He doesnt know where the post office is.他不知道邮局在哪儿。14.He told me what I should read.他告诉我应该读什么。15.This is why we put off the meeting.这就是为什么我推迟开会的原因。16.Iasked him what he wanted.我问他想要什么。17.Can you guess who is your father talking with now?你能猜出来你父亲现在正在和谁谈话吗？18.He asked me how they would finish the work.他问我他们将怎样完成工作。19.Do you know when they began to teach her English?你知道他们什么时候开始教她英语吗？20.They know which hospital she works in.他们知道她在哪个医院工作。三、宾语从句的时态：宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。一）当主句是现在时态时，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：1.Could you tell me where you bought the toy bear?你能告诉我了你在什么地方买的这个玩具熊吗？2.I wonder when we will have a meeting.我不知道我们将什么时候开会。二）当主句是过去时态时，从句用相应的过去时态。如：1.I called my friends to see Whether they would like to go.我给我的朋友打电话，让他们看看他们将是否愿意来。（主句的时态是过去时，从句里的will改成了would。）2.Iasked him what he wanted.我问他他想要什么。（主句的时态是过去时态，从句里的一般现在时态改成了一般过去时态。）四、注意事项：1. 看语序。要确定宾语从句的语序是主语+谓语。2. 时态。要注意主语的时态。3. 特殊疑问词在宾语从句中做主语时要注意语序是：特殊疑问词+谓语。如：Could you tell me whats wrong with you?Could you tell me whats the matter with you?Could you tell me whats the trouble with you?你能告诉我你怎么了吗？She didnt knowwhat happened to you?她不知道你发生了什么事。4.宾语从句中的意思表示客观真理时，一律用一般现在时态。如：Our teacher said the earth runs around the sun.我们老师说地球围着太阳转。5.注意主句是could, would等表示委婉请求的主句，其实是一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：1）Could/Would you please tell me where theyre playing cards?请你告诉我他们正在什么地方玩牌好吗？2）Could you find out why hes always late for school?你能发现他为什么总是上学迟到吗？四、 做题时的思路：先看语序，再看时态，再看意思。中考真题1. （2022年黑龙江省哈尔滨市）Could you tell me _ on weekdays?I usually go to school on foot but sometimes by bike.A. why do you go to schoolB. when you went to schoolC. how you go to school2. （2022年北京市）Do you know _the new national park?Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local peopleA. why did China set up B. why China set upC. when did China set up D. when China set up3（2022年天津市）Could you tell me _?Its about 6,300 kilometres long.A. how wide is the Changjiang RiverB. how wide the Changjiang River isC. how long is the Changjiang RiverD. how long the Changjiang River is4. （2022年海南省）Have you decided _ the children in the poor area?By sending them books and schoolbags.A. how you will helpB. how will you helpC. when you will help5. （2022年吉林省）Kate, do you know_?In the school hall.A. when well have the English partyB. why well have the English partyC. where well have the English party6（2022年云南省）Your stamps are so fantastic. Could you please tell me_？Oh,I bought them in the post office next to the bank.A.why did you buy themB.where did you buy themB.why you bought themD.where you bought them7. （2022年重庆市A卷）-Can you tell me _?-Yes. In the language center.A. where will the speech competition be heldB. where the speech competition will be heldC. when will the speech competition be heldD. when the speech competition will be held8. （2022年重庆市B卷）Excuse me, do you know _?Yes. Next Friday.Awhen will the volunteers come backBwhen the volunteers will come backChow will the volunteers come backDhow the volunteers will come back9. （2022年辽宁省沈阳市）Hi, Tom. Could you tell me _?Ill go there next Sunday.A. how you will go to Beiling ParkB. when you will go to Beiling ParkC. how will you go to Beiling ParkD. when will you go to Beiling Park10. （2022年江苏省扬州市）Excuse me, could you tell me _?You can take No. 6 bus there. Its about 15 minutes ride.A. how far is the Slender West LakeB. how far the Slender West Lake isC. how can I get to the Slender West Lake11. （2022年江苏省宿迁市）-Jenny,do you know_ ?-Er,next Tuesday.A.when the sports meeting will take place B.when will the sports meeting take placeC.where the sports meeting will take place D.where will the sports meeting take place12. （2022年江苏省无锡市）There will be a robot on show in our school next week.Really? I wonder _.A. what it likes B. what it is like C. what does it like D. what is it like13. （2022年山东省济南市） Excuse me. I am new here. Can you tell me _? Sure. Go straight and you will see it on your left.A.where is the nearest cinemaB. where was the nearest cinemaC. where the nearest cinema isD. where the nearest cinema was14. （2022年湖北省武汉市） Can you tell me _?To get practical skills.A. what do you learn about safety B. when do you have the art festivalC. how you balance your studies and hobbiesD. why you learn cooking at school15. （2022年湖北省十堰市） Could you please tell me _ ?Next Sunday.A. when I can get back my notebookB. when can I get back my notebookC. how long I can get back my notebookD. how long can I get back my notebook16. （2022年湖南省怀化市）Do you know _?She is a teacher.A. What is Lindas jobB. What Lindas job isC. What was Lindas job17. -Could you tell me _ ?-“Rome was not built in a day.”You should try to give it enough chances to become strong.A.why I should do to have a good memory B.what I can do to have a good memory C.how can I have a good memory 18. Do you know _ the meeting?Tomorrow morning.A.when they hadB.when they are going to haveC.when did they haveD.when are they going to have19.Could you tell me _yuanxiao in China?Usually at the Lantern Festival.A.when do people eat B.how do people eatC.when people eat D.how people eat20.Do you know _?This afternoon.A.when will the policeman give us a talkB.where will the policeman give us a talkC.when the policeman will give us a talkD.where the policeman will give us a talk参考答案1-5 CBDAC 6-10 DBBBB 11-15 ABCDA 16-20 BBBBC