初中英语语法精讲+精练-宾语从句.docx

一、 意义：在一个复合句子中，宾语是一个句子，我们把这个句子叫宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的结构：
主语+谓语+if/ whether/ that/ 特殊疑问词+主语+谓语。如：
一）that引导的宾语从句：
1.He thinks that she is a good girl.
他认为她是一个好女孩儿。
2.I’m afraid that I have made a mistake.
我恐怕我犯了一个错误。
3.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.
他缺席的原因是他病了。
4.He said that he knew you.
他说他知道你。
5.He thinks that he’s the cleverest in his class.
他认为他是班上最聪明的。
6.She said in her letter that she would come next month.
她在信中说，她将会下个月来。
7. He thought that he was strong and that only he could help them.
他认为他是强壮的，并且认为只有他能帮助他们。
8.Lily said that she was at home at that time.
莉莉说那个时候她正在家里。
二）if/ whether引导的宾语从句：当后边没有or not时，能用if或whether；当后边有or not时，只能用whether。
9.Could you tell me if/ whether your brother is a league member?
你能告诉我你的哥哥是否是一个共青团员？
10.I don’t know if/ whether they’re talking about me.
我不知道他们是否正在谈论我。
11.Can you tell me whether the old man is alive or not?
你能告诉我那个老人是否还活着？
12.He asked me if/ whether I could help him pick apples next week.
他问我，我是否能够在下周帮他摘苹果。
三）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：
13.He doesn’t know where the post office is.
他不知道邮局在哪儿。
14.He told me what I should read.
他告诉我应该读什么。
15.This is why we put off the meeting.
这就是为什么我推迟开会的原因。
16.I asked him what he wanted.
我问他想要什么。
17.Can you guess who is your father talking with now?
你能猜出来你父亲现在正在和谁谈话吗？
18.He asked me how they would finish the work.
他问我他们将怎样完成工作。
19.Do you know when they began to teach her English?
你知道他们什么时候开始教她英语吗？
20.They know which hospital she works in.
他们知道她在哪个医院工作。
三、宾语从句的时态：
宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。
一）当主句是现在时态时，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：
1. Could you tell me where you bought the toy bear?
你能告诉我了你在什么地方买的这个玩具熊吗？
2. I wonder when we will have a meeting.
我不知道我们将什么时候开会。
二）当主句是过去时态时，从句用相应的过去时态。如：
1. I called my friends to see Whether they would like to go.
我给我的朋友打电话，让他们看看他们将是否愿意来。
（主句的时态是过去时，从句里的will改成了would。）
2.I asked him what he wanted.
我问他他想要什么。
（主句的时态是过去时态，从句里的一般现在时态改成了一般过去时态。）
四、注意事项：
1. 看语序。要确定宾语从句的语序是主语+谓语。
2. 时态。要注意主语的时态。
3. 特殊疑问词在宾语从句中做主语时要注意语序是：特殊疑问词+谓语。如：
Could you tell me what’s wrong with you?
Could you tell me what’s the matter with you?
Could you tell me what’s the trouble with you?
你能告诉我你怎么了吗？
She didn't know what happened to you?
她不知道你发生了什么事。
4.宾语从句中的意思表示客观真理时，一律用一般现在时态。如：
Our teacher said the earth runs around the sun.
我们老师说地球围着太阳转。
5.注意主句是could, would等表示委婉请求的主句，其实是一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：
1）Could/Would you please tell me where they’re playing cards?
请你告诉我他们正在什么地方玩牌好吗？
2）Could you find out why he’s always late for school?
你能发现他为什么总是上学迟到吗？
   四、 做题时的思路：先看语序，再看时态，再看意思。
中考真题
1. （2022年黑龙江省哈尔滨市）—Could you tell me ________ on weekdays?
—I usually go to school on foot but sometimes by bike.
A. why do you go to school 
B. when you went to school 
C. how you go to school
2. （2022年北京市） —Do you know _________the new national park?
—Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people
A. why did China set up    
B. why China set up
C. when did China set up    
D. when China set up
3．（2022年天津市）—Could you tell me ________?—It’s about 6,300 kilometres long.
A. how wide is the Changjiang River       
B. how wide the Changjiang River is
C. how long is the Changjiang River       
D. how long the Changjiang River is
4. （2022年海南省） —Have you decided ________ the children in the poor area?
—By sending them books and schoolbags.
A. how you will help 
B. how will you help 
C. when you will help
5. （2022年吉林省）—Kate, do you know______?
—In the school hall.
A. when we’ll have the English party
B. why we’ll have the English party
C. where we’ll have the English party
6．（2022年云南省）—Your stamps are so fantastic. Could you please tell me______？
—Oh,I bought them in the post office next to the bank.
A. why did you buy them          
B. where did you buy them
B. why you bought them          
D. where you bought them
7. （2022年重庆市A卷）-Can you tell me ______?
-Yes. In the language center.
A. where will the speech competition be held
B. where the speech competition will be held
C. when will the speech competition be held
D. when the speech competition will be held
8. （2022年重庆市B卷）—Excuse me, do you know ________?
—Yes. Next Friday.
A．when will the volunteers come back
B．when the volunteers will come back
C．how will the volunteers come back
D．how the volunteers will come back
9. （2022年辽宁省沈阳市）—Hi, Tom. Could you tell me ________?
—I’ll go there next Sunday.
A. how you will go to Beiling Park 
B. when you will go to Beiling Park
C. how will you go to Beiling Park 
D. when will you go to Beiling Park
10. （2022年江苏省扬州市）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?
—You can take No. 6 bus there. It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.
A. how far is the Slender West Lake
B. how far the Slender West Lake is
C. how can I get to the Slender West Lake
11. （2022年江苏省宿迁市）--Jenny,do you know ________ ?
--Er,next Tuesday.
A.when the sports meeting will take place    
B.when will the sports meeting take place
C.where the sports meeting will take place   
D.where will the sports meeting take place
12. （2022年江苏省无锡市）—There will be a robot on show in our school next week.
—Really? I wonder ________.
A. what it likes         
B. what it is like        
C. what does it like      
D. what is it like
13. （2022年山东省济南市） — Excuse me. I am new here. Can you tell me ________?
— Sure. Go straight and you will see it on your left.
A. where is the nearest cinema
B. where was the nearest cinema
C. where the nearest cinema is
D. where the nearest cinema was
14. （2022年湖北省武汉市） —Can you tell me __________?
—To get practical skills.
A. what do you learn about safety  
B. when do you have the art festival
C. how you balance your studies and hobbies 
D. why you learn cooking at school
15. （2022年湖北省十堰市） —Could you please tell me ________ ?
—Next Sunday.
A. when I can get back my notebook 
B. when can I get back my notebook
C. how long I can get back my notebook 
D. how long can I get back my notebook
16. （2022年湖南省怀化市）—Do you know _______?
—She is a teacher.
A. What is Linda’s job     
B. What Linda’s job is     
C. What was Linda’s job
17.  ---Could you tell me ___  ?
 --- “Rome was not built in a day.” You should try to give it enough chances to become strong.
A. why I should do to have a good memory      
B. what I can  do to have a good memory     
C. how can I have a good memory       
18. —Do you know ____ the meeting?
—Tomorrow morning.
 A. when they had
 B. when they are going to have
 C. when did they have
 D. when are they going to have
19.—Could you tell me ___ yuanxiao in China?
—Usually at the Lantern Festival.
A. when do people eat  
B. how do people eat
C. when people eat  
D. how people eat
20.—Do you know ____?
 —This afternoon.
 A.when will the policeman give us a talk
 B.where will the policeman give us a talk
 C.when the policeman will give us a talk
 D.where the policeman will give us a talk

参考答案
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