人教版英语八年级下册单元知识点总结.docx

Unit 1 whats the matter?1. Whats the matter？ 怎么了？ 若是询问“某人怎么了？”要用“Whats the matter with sb.? 拓展：Whats the matter with sb。？的同义句： Whats wrong with sb.？ / Whats the trouble with sb.? 中考再现：Hi， John。 _? Its Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt. A。 How are you B。 Whats the matter C。 Whos that D。 Whats Lucy like2. 疾病类短语： 。 have a +疾病。 e.g. :have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 . have a +身体部位ache。 e.g.: have a headache 头痛have a toothache 牙痛 。 have a sore+身体部位. e.g.： have a sore throat咽喉痛 have a sore back背痛中考再现：Mom， I_。 Im sorry to hear that， dear. We must go to see the dentist right away. A. have a headache B. have a stomachache C。 have a toothache D. have a fever3. lie down 躺下V. 躺，平躺.现在分词是lying。 e。g.： Dont lie in bed all morning！ 拓展:lie 的词性和含义总结 . V。 位于,坐落在。e.g。: Japan lies to the east of China. 。V. 撒谎,说谎.lie to sb. 对某人撒谎。e。g。： Dont believe her because she always lies。 。 N。 谎言。tell lies/a lie说谎。e。g.： You shouldnt tell lies to your parents.注意含义过去式过去分词躺，平躺位于，坐落在laylain撒谎，说谎liedlied4. if 引导的条件状语从句时,主将从现。中考再现：Stop smoking， Joe！ You _yourself if you keep on doing it like that。 A。 will kill B。 have killed C. kill D。 killedsee sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行see sb. do sth。表示“看到某人做某事”,强调动作经常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程e.g.： We saw the boy playing computer games. We often see the boy play computer games。We saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room。When I walked through the playground, I saw my friends _football。 A。 play B. to play C. playing D. is playing5. get 短语 get up 起来，起床 get to（=reach, arrive in/at)到达 get on 上车 get off 下车 get into 陷入，参与 get in 进入，到达 get back 回来 get ready (for。.。） (为.。)做准备 get on well with sb. 和某人和睦相处6. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是；surprise是名词,惊讶，惊奇。7. have trouble/difficulty doing sth。 做某事时遇到困难。 I always have much trouble _English words. Can you give me some advice？A. to remember B. remember C. remembering8. be used to doing sth。 习惯做某事。e.g。: They are used to living in the big city. used to do sth。 过去常常做某事。 e。g.：He used to play football, but now he likes playing basketball。9. take risks/a risk. 冒险。risk V。 冒险。10. .run out 用完，用尽,主语通常是“时间，金钱，食物”等无生命的东西。 e。g.:All the money ran out. 。run out of 用完,主语通常是人。e。g.:We have run out of our pocket money。11. off 短语：turn off 关闭，关掉 take off 起飞,脱掉 put off 推迟，拖延 get off 下车 give off 发出，散发 set off 出发 中考再现：We have to _the bike ride because of the bad weather.A. put off B. turn off C。 take off D. get off12. . important adj。 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n。 重要性中考再现From the show Running Man， we can learn the _of team spirit. .make a decision=decide 后接不定式，“做出决定，决定.。.” I made a big_ to stop doing my job for a few months. 。be in control of 掌管,控制 out of control 脱离控制中考再现：The car was out of _and hit a tree by the road。A. danger B。 breath C。 control D。 practice13. 。keep （on)doing sth。 继续做某事，坚持做某事。中考再现：He kept _so that he could be in health。A. exercise B. exercising C。 to exercise .give up “放弃代词放中间 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事中考再现：No matter how hard it is， dont_. Things will be better in the future. A. give out B. give up C。 give away14. 重难点全解:情态动词should should 的用法作情态动词时，表责任和义务，意为“应当，应该”,可用于任何人称。 肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其他否定句主语+should not/shouldnt+动原+其他一般疑问句Should+主语+动原+其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形？ 近义表达:ought to /be supposed to do翻译：现在你应该戒烟了。15. 易错易混全解too many表示“太多”，修饰可数名词的复数too much表示“太多”，修饰不可数名词much too表示“太，修饰形容词或副词The meat is _expensive and eating _meat isnt good for our health.A. too much, much too B。 too much, too much C. much too， too much D. much too, too manybecause是连词，“因为,由于”，引导原因状语从句because of是介词短语，“因为,由于，后跟名词、代词或动名词Millie made a few mistakes in the exam _her carelessness。A. because B。 so that C。 as a result D。 because ofdieV。 “死，去世,逝世”deadadj。 “死的，死亡的”deathn. “死,死亡”中考再现：Lei Feng _for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us。A. died B. has died C. was dead D。 has been deadUnit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.1. hope to do sth。 希望做某事, 含hope to do sth。 的句子可以转换为宾语从句。 eg: I hope to pass the exam.=I hope that I can pass the exam.agree to do sth。同意做某事decide to do sth。决定做某事refuse to do sth。拒绝做某事remember to do sth.记得做某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事want to do sth.想要做某事2. “动词+up”的短语小结： clean up打扫干净 cut up切碎 grow up长大 set up熬夜 set up建立，设立 stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒来，叫醒 take up 占用 give up 放弃 use up 用完 cheer up 使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间)put up 搭建，张贴 make up 组成，编造 end up 最终成为,最后处于中考再现:Many volunteers will help to _the city parks next parks next Friday. A。 give up B。 pick up C. clean up3. give out：发出，放出（热，光等）The sun gives out light and heat to the earth 用完，耗尽 We had just reached home when the petrol gave out。 公布，发表 The news of the event was given out over the radio.4. give 的短语:give away 捐赠，赠给 give up 放弃 give back 归还 give off 发出,放出give in 让步，屈服 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb。给某人某物5. put off doing sth。推迟做某事 e。g.： We cant put off making a plan。 常见的put短语：put on穿上，戴上 put out 熄灭,扑灭 put up 搭起,升起，张贴 put up with 容忍 put away 收起来中考再现:They heard the party was _because of the exam.6. come up with 提出,想出（答案,计划等）He _many ideas to solve these problem already。7. used to变否定句或疑问句时常借助助动词did。肯定句主语+used to+动词原形.否定句主语+didnt use to+动词原形.。.一般疑问句肯定答语Yes,主语+did。否定答语No,主语+didnt.8. care的延伸： 派生词:careful小心的 carefully小心地 careless粗心的 carelessly粗心地 短语：care for照顾，喜欢 care about 关心，在意 take care 小心 take care of照顾，照料9. such+ a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词 “如此。.。” 注意：当名词前有many, much， few, little修饰时，要用so，而不用such.中考再现：We had _awful weather _we couldnt finish the work on time。 A。 at A.lonely, lonely 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444so, that B。 such， that C. such an， that10. -ing 是名词后缀.e.g。:reading阅读 writing写作 spelling拼写 swimming游泳 skating滑冰 fishing钓鱼 smoking抽烟11. be satisfied/pleased with. 对.。 满意 satisfaction n. 满意，满足12. 常见的“take+介词/副词短语：take down写下，拆除 take off起飞，脱掉 take out取出，掏出 take in吸收 take over接管 take away带走 take up占用 take back收回中考再现:I _my fathers wet shoes and washed his feet.A. took out B. took off C. took place13. 常见的“动词+away”的短语: throw away扔掉,丢弃 run away逃跑 get away逃离 pass away 逝世 keep away离开，使不接近 take away带走 go away离开 put away收起来 give away 捐赠 stay away远离-What are you doing, Mum? -Im _some old things for a yard sale。A. giving away B. hurrying up C. cleaning out D。 walking into14. be similar to 和.。相似/类似 e.g.： His dress is similar to mine in color。15. 常考的不同时态的被动语态：一般现在时am/is/are +done一般过去时was/were +done现在进行时am/is/are being +done一般将来时will be +doneam/is/are going to be +done现在完成时have/has been +done中考再现:These model cars _in China in 2013.A. are made B. were made C. make D. made16. make it +adj。（+for sb。)+to do sth. 使某人做某事.。.。. find it +adj。 (+for sb。)+to do sth. 发现.。.。怎么样17. be excited about 因.。而兴奋不已 e.g.: We were excited about the good news.同根词：excite v. 使激动，使兴奋 excited adj.激动的，兴奋的(常用来修饰人) exciting adj。令人激动的，兴奋的(常用来修饰事或物）excitement n.激动，兴奋 They are _about the _news。 A. excited, excited B. exciting， exciting C。 exciting, excited D。 excited, exciting18. could的用法： 表建议，语气较委婉“可以”e。g。: You could help to clean the park. can的过去式，表示过去具备的能力。e。g.: She couldnt dress herself until five. 19. 动词不定式的用法A.动词不定式的语法功能作主语To learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learn English well.作表语My job is to look after patients.作宾语We want to go swimming。作宾语补足语She invited me to go to the concert.作定语I have something important to tell you。作状语She got up early to catch the early bus。中考再现:I was tired out， so I stopped the car _a short rest.A. have B。 having C。 to have D. had状语:状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份.状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。1。 副词是一种用来修饰动词，形容词,副词或全句的词，说明时间,地点,程度，方式等概念.He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. (very是程度副词，用来修饰well. very well是修饰speak的程度状语）2.介词短语The boy was praised for his bravery。 那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬.(for his bravery在句中作原因状语）3.从句作状语If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you。 如果我明天不忙，我将和你一起踢足球。（If I am not busy tomorrow在句中作条件状语）4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你。 （to see you在句中充当目的状语）5.分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife， he left home in a bad temper。和他妻子吵架后,他生气地地离家出走了.（having had a quarrel在句中作时间状语)Reminded not to miss the flight at 15：20， the manager left for the airport in a hurry. （reminded not to miss the flight at 15：20在句中作时间状语)由于时间关系，所附例句有限,希望你能对状语有一个概要的了解。B。“特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词what, how， when， where, which等之后,作主语，宾语，表语等.e。g.: How to get there is a problem。（作主语） I dont know what to say。(作宾语） The question is how to learn English well.(作表语）中考再现:-Its important for us to know _all the subjects. -Yeah， group work is my favorite.A. how to study B。 when to study C. which to study D. what to studyC。含动词不定式的常用搭配 有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语plan, hope, agree, decide等. e。g。： We plan to go climbing.My father agreed to take us to the museum.They decide to join the swimming club。 有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：want sb。 to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb。to do sth。告诉某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事warn sb。to do sth.警告某人做某事ask sb。to do sth.请求某人做某事advise sb。 to do sth.建议某人做某事中考再现:We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. leaving B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave20. repair， mend， fix区别 repair意为 “修理”，修理的对象着重于破损，毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体.e。g。 ： When I got home， my brother was repairing his radio。 mend意为“修理”，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具,玩具，要缝补的衣物等。e.g.：My kite is broken。 Can you mend it？ fix意为“修理”，强调校准，校正。e.g。： Hes outside fixing the brakes in the car。21. alone, lonely区别alone可以作形容词，副词，强调独自一人,没有同伴。作形容词时，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。lonely只能作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”带有一定的感情色彩I was alone, but I did not feel lonely。中考再现：She lives _in a small village, but she didnt feel _。A. lonely, lonely B. alone, lonely C。 lonely， alone22. open, close， turn on， turn offopenclose用于能直接打开或关上的东西,如:门，窗，盒子，书turn onturn off用于需要通过按钮，遥控或旋转才能打开的东西,如：电器（灯,电视,电脑）或水龙头tap23. bring, take， carry， fetchbring意为“带来”，指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处take意为“带走”，指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方carry一般指 “随身携带”,此外多用于汽车,火车的交通工具时，表“运载”fetch表示“去取来”，口语中常用get，表示“去某地取某物,再回来，表双向动作Unite3 Could you please clean your room？1. “Could you please do sth。？”的答语以下两种情况：接受请求时可以用Yes, sure./Sure./Of course。/Certainly。/No problem。/My pleasure./Its my pleasure./With pleasure.等来回答拒绝请求时可以用Sorry。/Sorry, I cant。等来回答，还可以用I have to do sth。来解释原因其否定句是:“Could you please not do sth。？”2. 有关“家务劳动”有关的短语：take out the rubbish/trash倒垃圾 fold ones clothes叠衣服 sweep the floor扫地 clean the room打扫房间 make ones /the bed铺床 do the dishes/wash the dishes洗餐具3. throw down扔下 throw at扔向，掷向 throw away扔掉,丢弃中考再现：Recycling is good, so dont _bottles or newspapers.A. find out B。 hand in C。 use up D. throw away4. the minute 表示“一。.就。.”，相当于as soon as.（引导时间状语从句) e.g.： Ill tell him the minute he gets there.5. 常见time的短语：all the time一直，总是 at times 不时，有时 in time及时 on time按时 for the first time第一次 in no time立刻，马上 at any time随时 at the same同时 have a good/great/wonderful time玩的愉快 by the time到。.。的时候 中考再现:-Hurry up. Its almost time for school。 -Dont worry. We are sure to be at school_.A. at times B. on time C。 all the time D. by the time 中考再现：-Hurry up. Its almost time for school。 -Dont worry。 We are sure to be at school_。否定结构是not as/soas, 表示“不如.,比不上.”Aat times B. on time C。 all the time D. by the time 6. as .as 表示“和.。一样”，之间要用形容词或副词的原级。e.g.： She is as tall as her elder brother.中考再现：Look！ This house is as _as that one。A. the most beautiful B。 more beautiful C. beautiful 7. so, neither 引导的倒装句结构用法so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语 当前面叙述的肯定事实也适用于后者时neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者时中考再现:-I dont understand the story in the new unit。 What about you, Bob? -_. A。 Neither I do B。 Neither do I C. So do I8. in surprise 惊讶地 e.g.： She looked at me in surprise。9. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。e.g。: She asked me why I liked cartoons.中考再现:-Id like to know _. -Maybe in the forest。A. whether we will go camping B. where we will go campingC. whether will we go campingD. where will we go camping10. in order to “目的是，为了”，后跟动词原形.in order to do sth。 表示“为了做某事，否定结构是in order not to do sth。 “为了不做某事”。so that， in order that 表示“目的是，为了”，用来引导目的状语从句,可以转换为含to， in order to的句子。中考再现: In order _for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning。 A。 not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late11. provide sb. with sth.=provide sth。 for sb。表示“给某人提供某物”。中考再现：Parents often _their children _some good advice.A. offer； with B。 offer;/ C。 provide; with D。 both B and C12. “动词+on”的短语：depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于., 由。决定get on 上车 turn on 打开 come on 快点，加油 put on 穿上，上演 call on 号召 pass on 传递 concentrate on 专心，集中精力中考再现:-Mum， shall we go to the beach tomorrow? -It _ the weather.A. carries on B. lives on C。 depends on D。 holds on 13. since 作连词，意味“因为，既然”，此时引导原因状语从句,表示因果时语气没有because强烈。(介词），自以来，自从He has eaten nothing since yesterday。（副词）,从那以后，此后I saw him in June, but we havent met since。（连词)，既然，因为，自以来He has been in the army since he left school。中考再现: I _scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B。 was C。 have been D。 would be 14. take care of 表示“照顾”，和look after, care for 是同义表达;表示“好好照顾某人要用take good care of sb。 =look after sb。well。中考再现：In our daily life, we must learn to _ourselves well at any time。 Its as important as studying. A. deal with B。 worry about C。 look after15. as a result 意为“结果，因此eg.: He didnt study hard. _ _ _， he failed his exam. fall 的短语小结：fall asleep 睡着，入睡 fall ill 生病 fall behind 落后fall off 跌落，从跌下来 fall down 跌倒，摔倒 fall in love with爱上。He _ _and has been in hospital for two days。重点难点全解16. 用could提出要求和征求许可