新概念3册27课语法分析复习课程.doc

新概念3册27课语法分析

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1. It形式主语 has been said①据说 that引导真正的主语everyone每个人 lives by selling something②靠卖东西过日子. （全文的topic sentence主题句）
语法分析
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.
据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。
第一层
It形式主语 has been said谓语 that everyone lives by selling something.主语从句
第二层
that引主从句 everyone主语 lives谓语 by（通过，靠）selling something方式状语.

2. In the light of = according to = taking into account = in accordance with / base on / in terms of / in proportion as / on the strength of①依据, 按照, 就…而言,考虑到, 从...的观点 this statement这种说法, teachers live by selling knowledge知识, philosophers②哲学家 by selling wisdom③智慧 and priests牧师；（天主教的）神父by selling spiritual comfort④精神安慰.
语法分析
In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.
根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。
In the light of this statement方式状语, teachers主语 live谓语 by selling knowledge方式状语, philosophers主语 by selling wisdom方式状语 and连词 priests主语 by selling spiritual comfort方状.

3. Though引让步状从 it形主语 may be possible to可以… measure①衡量，估量；权衡 the value （= worth） of material goods②物质产品的价值，实际物品的价值，实物的价值 in terms of money③以金钱的观点, it is extremely difficult是极其困难的 to对 estimate = assess④估算，评估 the true value of the service这种服务的真正价值 which引导定从 people perform（= do）for us⑤为我们提供的.
语法分析
Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。
第一层
Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money让步状从, it形主 is系词 extremely状语 difficult表语 to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us真主语.
第二层
Though引导让步状从 it 形主may be系词 possible表语 to measure the value of material goods in terms of money真主语
第二层
which宾语，引定从 people主语 perform谓语 for us状语.

4. There are times①有时候 when引导定从（times做先行词时，定语从句的引导词必须用when）we would willingly give②愿付出，乐意付出，甘愿付出 everything we possess我们拥有的一切， to来 save挽救 our lives, yet引让步状从，然而 we might grudge③舍不得，吝惜，不情愿，抱怨（后接名词和动名词搭配）paying支付给 a surgeon外科大夫 (physician内科大夫) a high fee④一笔高额费用/小费 for因offering us precisely (=exactly)⑤正好给我们提供了 this service这种服务.
语法分析
There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.
有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。
第一层
There are谓语 times主语 when we would willingly give everything we possess（定从） to save our lives定从, yet连词 we主语 might grudge谓语 paying a surgeon a high fee宾语 for offering us precisely this service原因状语.
第二层
when引定从 we主语 would谓语 willingly状语 give谓语 everything宾语 we possess定从 to save our lives目状
第三层
we主语 possess谓语
5. The conditions of society社会上的情况 are such = Such are the conditions of society社会上的情况就是如此 that引导同位语从 skills技术 have to be paid for（被动）必须付要费，必须要用金钱去购买的 in the same way①照样，以相同的方式，用相同的方法，同样地that引定从(that = in which) goods are paid for at a shop在商店里商品是要花钱的.
语法分析
The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. 社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。
第一层
The conditions of society主语 are系词 such表语 that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop同谓语从句.
第二层
that引同从句 skills主 have to be paid for谓语 in the same way方状 that goods are paid for at a shop定从.
第三层
that引定从 goods主语 are paid for谓语 at a shop状语

6. Everyone has something to sell后置定语，每个人都有东西可卖. 
(与Topic sentence: every one lives by selling something首尾呼应)
语法分析
Everyone has something to sell. 人人都有东西可以出售。
Everyone主语 has谓语 something宾语 to sell定语.

7. Tramps①流浪汉 seem to be似乎是 the only exception②唯一例外 to对 this general rule这条普遍规则.
语法分析
Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.
在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外。
Tramps主语 seem系词 to be the only exception表语 to this general rule状语.

8. Beggars乞丐 almost几乎 sell themselves as human beings①把自己当作人来卖 to目的是 arouse②唤起，激发 the pity of passers-by③过路人的怜悯/同情. 目的状语
语法分析
Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by.
乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。
Beggars主语 almost状语 sell谓语 themselves宾语 as human beings主补 to arouse the pity of passers-by目状.

9. But real①但真正的 tramps are not beggars.
语法分析
But real tramps are not beggars. 但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。
But转折连词 real定语 tramps主语 are not 系词beggars表语.

10. They have nothing to sell后置定语，没有任何可卖的东西 and require nothing from others①不需要从别人那获得任何西.
语法分析
They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.
他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西
They主语 have谓① nothing宾语 to sell后置定与 and连词 require谓② nothing宾语 from others状语.

11. In (＝in the course of ) seeking independence①在寻找独立自由的过程中, 表伴随的状态，they do not sacrifice牺牲 their human dignity②人的尊严.
语法分析
In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.
在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。
In seeking independence状语, they主语 do not sacrifice谓语 their human dignity宾语.

12. A tramp may也许 ask you for money（ask sb for sth向人索要某物）向你要钱, but he will never从来不会 ask you to feel sorry for him（feel sympathy for him）让你觉得他可怜（ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事）.
语法分析
A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.
流浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。
A tramp主语 may ask谓语 you宾语 for money状语, but连词 he主语 will谓语 never状语 ask谓语 you宾语 to feel sorry补语 for him状语.

13. He has deliberately（=on purpose）①故意地，刻意，存心，蓄意，甘愿 chosen to lead the life选择过这种生活 he leads②定从，他所过的 and is fully (= completely = perfectly) aware of （= become aware of = be conscious of / be sensible of）完全清楚/明白 the consequences③(不良)种种后果，恶果.
语法分析
He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences
他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。
第一层
He主语 has谓语① deliberately状语 chosen谓语① to lead the life宾语 he leads定从 and连词 is fully aware of谓语② the consequences宾语
第二层
he主语 leads

14. He may可能，也许 never be sure从来没有把握 where the next meal is coming from宾语从句，下一顿饭从哪来，下一顿饭在哪里/有无着落, but he is free from = without①免于，不受...的影响 the thousands of anxieties②千万桩愁事，数不清的忧虑/挂念 which引定从afflict other people③折磨别人的.
语法分析
He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.
他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。
第一层
He主语 may系词 never状语 be系词 sure表语 where the next meal is coming from宾从, but连词 he主语 is系词 free表语 from the thousands of anxieties状语 which afflict other people定从.
第二层
where引宾从 the next定语 meal主语 is coming from谓语
第二层
which主语，引定从 afflict谓语 other people宾语

15. His few material possessions他的不多的几件财物，他少量的行囊 make it形式宾语possible for him to使他有可能（make it possible for sb to do sth）move from place to place with ease =easily①真宾语，轻松自如地四处奔走.
语法分析
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease
他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。
His few material定语 possessions主语 make谓语 it形宾 possible宾补 for him状语 to move from place to place真实宾语 with ease状语

16. By由于having to sleep in the open（By doing通过做某事）介词短语，作原因状语，由于被迫睡在露天/露宿在外, he gets far closer to（far = much，so）①更接近 the world of nature大自然 than most of us ever do（do代替get close to the world of nature）.
语法分析
By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.
由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。
第一层
By having to sleep in the open原因状语, he主语 gets系词 far状语 closer表语 to the world of nature状语 than most of us ever do状从.
第二层
than引状从 most of us主语 ever状语 do谓语.

17. He may hunt打猎, beg乞讨, or steal occasionally偶尔偷窃 to以，来 keep himself alive = survive①维持生存，使自己幸存下来，让自己活下来; he may even他甚至可能，in times of real need②在真正需要的时候, do a little work干点点儿活; but he will never sacrifice his freedom③决不会牺牲他的自由. （He may do this …may do that…but he will never do… 排比句）
语法分析
He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.
为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。
He主语 may hunt谓语, beg谓语, or连词 steal谓语 occasionally状语 to keep himself alive目状; he主语 may谓语 even状语 in times of real need状语, do谓语 a little work宾语; but连词 he主语 will谓语 never状语 sacrifice谓语 his freedom宾语.

18. We often speak of tramps with contempt①轻蔑地说起流浪汉and put them in the same class as beggars②把他们和乞丐归为同一类，把他们和乞丐混为一谈, but how many of us我们有多少人 can honestly say坦率地说 that引宾从 we have not felt a little envious of ③我们无不对…多少感到有点嫉妒（褒）their simple way of life他们简朴的生活方式 and their freedom from care（care = anxiety）④无忧无虑，免于操心的自由? 【虽然….但是….句型的升级】
语法分析
We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？
第一层
We主语 often状语 speak of谓语 tramps宾语 with contempt方式状语 and连词 put谓语 them宾语 in the same class状语 as beggars状语, but连词 how many of us主语 can谓语 honestly状语 say谓语 that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care宾从?
第二层
that引宾从 we主语 have not felt a little envious of谓语 their simple way of life宾语 and连词 their freedom from care宾语?

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