亚洲栽培稻籼--粳遗传分化及其与地理分布的关系说课材料.docx
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1、此文档收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除复且大学博士学位论文 亚洲栽培稻籼-粳遗传分化及其与地理分布的关系摘要籼粳分化代表亚洲栽培稻(Owza sativa L)遗传分化中主要的分化类型,长 期以来也是栽培稻遗传分化及其利用研究的焦点。由于籼稻和粳稻之间在形态、 生理、遗传以及对应的生境存在一系列差异,有些极端分化的籼稻和粳稻类型在 杂交时存在显著的生殖隔离,因此,栽培稻被划分为籼稻亚种(D sativa Lsubsp indica Kato)和粳稻亚种(Dsativa Lsubspjaponica Kato)。本研究首次采用高效 精确鉴定籼粳分化的插入缺失分子标记(InsertionDele
2、tion,InDel),系统阐明栽 培品种的籼粳遗传分化,并定量地确定籼粳遗传分化的程度。本研究根据不同 类型栽培稻品种的地域适应性,分析其地理分布规律,并分析海拔和纬度怎样影 响这一分布,为进一步理解籼稻和粳稻种植区的划分提供依据:同时,籼稻和粳 稻类型的精确鉴定,为其在育种中的合理应用提供科学依据,特别是籼粳杂种 优势的利用和在分子辅助育种中有效地选择亲本的种质资源提供依据。本研究的 主要结果如下:1栽培稻品种沿着海拔梯度的籼粳分化及其分布:采用34对能够特异区分籼粳 的InDel分子标记,分析了来自中国云南省的203份亚洲栽培稻品种和14份野 生稻种,海拔梯度在450m到2350m之间。
3、研究结果表明:(1)云南栽培稻品种 发生了显著的遗传分化,分成籼稻和粳稻两大类群,其中只有极少数的栽培稻和 几乎所有的野生稻种表现为中间类型,没有发生分化;(2)籼稻适应区几乎覆盖 了所有的采样区域,而粳稻更适应于海拔高于1400m的区域,表明籼稻对海拔 具有很宽的适应范围,而粳稻则更适应于高海拔地区;(3)云南的栽培稻品种未 出现大量的中间类型,表明在云南分化程度较高的籼稻和粳稻可能由其它地方引 种而来,因此云南可能不是栽培稻的起源中心之一,而是栽培稻的遗传多样性中 心之一。2栽培稻品种沿纬度梯度的籼粳分化及其分布:采用34对InDel分子标记,对 分布于亚洲南纬。到北纬45。的纬度区间内的
4、387个品种以及5个不同来源的非 洲栽培稻品种和52个野生稻种群作为研究材料进行实验分析。结果表明:(1)亚此文档仅供学习和交流亚洲藏培稻籼_粳遗传分化及其与地理分布的关秉洲栽培稻聚类为两个相对独立的群体,表明亚洲栽培稻发生了显著的遗传分化, 而非洲栽培稻和野生稻则没有相应的遗传分化:(2)籼稻和粳稻沿纬度梯度的地 理分布呈现不同的模式:籼稻在南纬20到北纬40。的广大范围内具有广泛的适应 性;粳稻则明显集中分布在高于北纬150的地区;大部分的中间类型则分布在低 于北纬270的地区:(3)对取样区间的栽培稻类型的种植比例和各纬度梯度30年 年均温的相关分析表明:籼稻的分布对温度变化不敏感,粳稻
5、的分布则对温差变化反应敏感:同样中间类型对温度变化反应敏感。因此,栽培稻沿着不同纬度梯度的籼一粳遗传分化以及地理分布与其所在环境的生态因子温度紧密相关。3为了进一步了解能够特异区分籼一粳的InDel分子标记与籼粳遗传分化功能基 因的关系,本文分析了与InDel分子标记紧密连锁的基因序列,发现有50条基 因序列具有一定的功能结构域。比对日奉晴和93一ll中获得序列结果发现:(1)与 标记R2M10紧密相邻的基因序列存在90个变异;(2)与标记R4M43紧密相邻 的基因序列存在19个变异;(3)与标记R8M46紧密相邻的基因序列存在18个 变异:(4)与标记R3M10紧密相邻的基因序列存在1个变异
6、,在420bp位置日 本晴有一个缺失突变,931l在此位置插入碱基T,造成蛋白序列发牛移码突变, 且93一ll中该基因在609bp位置提前终止。深入研究这些基因序列并进行进一步 验证其功能,将有助于深入了解栽培稻籼粳遗传分化过程中所受到的选择作用, 为栽培稻籼粳分化的起源和形成机理提供生物信息学和分子生物学支持。关键词:籼稻;粳稻;野生稻;遗传分化;地理分布;海拔;纬度;种质资源育种:结构域。(中图分类号:Q948)II复且大学博士学位论文亚洲栽培稻籼老嘲【传分化及其与地理分布的关系Abstractlndica-japonica variation represents the most si
7、gnificant genetic differentiation in Asian cultivated rice,and it has also been the focus of how to use genetic differentiation of cultivated riceBased on the differentiation in characteristics ofmorphology,physiology,genetics and their habitat,especially when significant differentiated varieties sh
8、ows obvious reproductive isolation and sterility in Fl hybrids, Asian cultivated rice was classified into two subspecies Oryza sativa Lsubspindica Kato and subspjaponica KatoIn this study InsertionDeletion molecular markers (InDel)was first used in indica-japonica genetic differentiation of cultivat
9、ed rice and identification of the degree of indica-japonica differentiationBased on that indica rice and japonica rice adapt to different environmental conditions we analyzed the differentiation and distribution patterns of cultivated rice along altitude and latitude gradients,and also accurately id
10、entified the type of riceIn order to exploring the difference in genome of typical indica and typical japonica,we analyzed gene sequence which is located near to the InDel molecular markersThis research will facilitate indica-japonica differentiation theoretical research,strategic utilization and co
11、nservation of rice germplasm,and provide scientific data for introducing different type of rice to certain place to achieve beRer agronomic characteristicsThe mainly results of this study are:1In this study,we analyzed 203 varieties and l 4 wild accessions of rice collected from localities across an
12、 altitude gradient between 450 and 2,350 m above sea level in Yunnan,China,applying the“InDel molecular indexdeveloped recentlyResults from PCA of the InDel data demonstrated significant genetic differentiation of rice varieties from Yunnan into indica and japonica typesA few cultivars and nearly al
13、l wild rice accessions showed only moderate or no differentiationFurther analyses demonstrated a clear distribution paaem of the rice varieties in the mounminous region:indica varieties were grown across the entire altitude gradient in the sampling areas,but most japonica varieties were found above
14、1,400 mThese results clearly indicated that indica rice could be cultivated in areas at much higher altitudes than those categorized by the traditional methodsThe knowledge opens a new dimension for introducing indica rice varieties to mountainous regions at higher altitudes and forIllselecting rice
15、 germplasm in these regionsIn addition,the pattern of significant indica-japonica differentiation in rice varieties from Yunnan suggested the exotic origin of cultivated rice,which did not support the hypothesis that Yunnan is a part of the center of origin of rice,although it is certainly one of th
16、e centers of geneticdiversity for rice。2Asian cultivated rice has significantly differentiated into indica and japonica subspecies that have extensive distribution worldwideTo determine genetic differentiation of Asian cultivated rice across a latitudinal gradient,a total of 387 Asian cultivated ric
17、e varieties,five African rice varieties,and 52 wild rice accessionscollected from a wide range of Asian countries and other regions were analyzed applying the InDel molecular indexThe principal component analysis classified Asian cultivated rice into two distinct groups,which demonstrated significan
18、t molecular genetic differentiation of Asia cultivated rice,while all wild rice and African cultivated rice showed no evident differentiationThe results clearly indicatedthat Asian cultivated rice has differentiated profoundly since its domestication and during its adaptation to various environments
19、,contrasting with wild rice and African riceAnalysis of the geographic distribution indicated a clear pattern for the different types of rice,in which indica rice vari eties were found across a wide range of latitudes from-2。S to 40。N andjaponica varieties were mostly focused in the highlatitude are
20、as greater than 1 50 NMost intermediate types of rice originated in regions at latitudes lower than 27。NCorrelation patterns between rice types and temperature along the latitude gradients suggested that indica rice was considerably less sensitive to temperature along the latitude ranges,butjaponica
21、 rice was highly sensitive to thetemperature at different latitudesThe molecular genetic intermediate type of rice wasalso sensitive tO temperatureWe conclude that the distribution pattern of different types of Asian rice across large latitudinal ranges is the consequence of their adaptation in rela
22、tion to ecological factors ofthe environment,especially temperature This has an important implication in breeding of时brid rice by selecting properly ditYerentiated indica andjaponica parents3In order to understand the indica-japonica differentiation information in genome which Iinked with lnDel mole
23、cular marker and to lcam the molecular mechanism ofindica-japonica differentiation,in this study We analyzed sequence approachedIVclosely to 34 InDeI molecular markers and found:there are 50 sequences have functional domain which means these sequence could be real geneBased on the PCR we get these s
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