2021高考英语(广东专用)大二轮总复习测试：完形填空专题-专题四-语法填空.docx

专题四　语法填空

Ⅰ.体验高考
(2022·广东)阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said __1__ was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready.
After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months __2__(early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We __3__(tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week，__4__ for the week after.I didn't understand __5__ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged __6__ the reservation.What's worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was __7__(surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on __8__ top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we weren't charged extra.
The next day，my brother and I went to the beach __9__ we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little __10__(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正值不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们支配在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，真是喜出望外的事。
1．解析　在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。
答案　it
2．解析　在句中作状语，照旧用副词；不变词性，由于是较早的做的事，所以用比较级。
答案　earlier
3．解析　由句意可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案　were told
4．解析　依据上下句意，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”，为not...but...结构。
答案　but
5．解析　意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。
答案　why
6．解析　charge...for...是习惯搭配。
答案　for
7．解析　因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊异地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。
答案　surprisingly
8．解析　特指“在顶楼”。
答案　the
9．解析　先行词是地点the beach，且在定语从句中作状语，故填where (＝on which ＝and on the beach ＝and there)。
答案　where
10．解析　在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn是名词，其形容词形式是burnt或burned。
答案　sunburnt/sunburned
Ⅱ.仿真模拟
Passage 1
A certain man planted a rose and watered it faithfully and before it blossomed，he examined it.He saw the bud __1__ would soon blossom，but noticed thorns (棘刺) upon the stem and he thought，“How can any beautiful flower come __2__ a plant burdened with so many sharp thorns？” Saddened by this thought，he __3__(neglect) to water the rose，and just __4__ it was ready to bloom...it died.
So it is with many people.Within every soul there is __5__ rose.The God­like qualities planted in us at birth，grow amid the thorns of our faults.Many of us look at __6__ and see only the thorns，the defects.We despair，__7__(think) that nothing good can possibly come from us.We neglect to water the good within us，and __8__(event) it dies.We never realize our potential.
Some people do not see the rose within themselves; someone else must show __9__ to them.One of the __10__(great) gifts a person can possess is to be able to reach past the thorns of another，and find the rose within them.
【语篇导读】　本文叙述每个人心中都有一朵玫瑰。我们要透过自己的缺点，看到自己的优点。
1．解析　引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词bud。
答案　that/which
2．解析　依据come from“来自于”可知。
答案　from
3．解析　由与之并列的谓语died可知，用一般过去时。
答案　neglected
4．解析　因在and后有it was...和it died两个句子，且这两句之间没有关联词，故填关联词；表示“在……之前，还没来得及……”，用before。
答案　before
5．解析　每个人的灵魂深处都有一朵玫瑰，用不定冠词。
答案　a
6．解析　前有us，我们很多人端详自己，用反身代词。
答案　ourselves
7．解析　前已有谓语动词despair，think前又没有连词，故用现在分词表示伴随。
答案　thinking
8．解析　此处需要用副词修饰谓语，故要作词类转换。
答案　eventually
9．解析　代词it指代前面的rose。
答案　it
10．解析　依据句意，尤其是“one of”可知用最高级。
答案　greatest
Passage 2
When we do not understand each other's language，we can talk with the help of signs.A Frenchman was once traveling in England.He could not speak English at all.One day he went into a restaurant and __1__(sit) down at a table.When the waiter came，he opened his mouth，put his fingers in it and took __2__ out again.He wanted to say，“Bring me __3__ to eat.”
The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea.The man moved his head __4__ side to side.The waiter understood him and took the tea away.In a moment he came with a cup of coffee，__5__ the man again refused it.He shook his head __6__ the waiter brought him something to drink，for drinks are not food.
When the man was going away，__7__ man came in.This man saw the __8__(wait)，and he put his hand __9__ his stomach.That was enough.In a few minutes there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on the table in front of him.
__10__，you see，sometimes we can understand the language of signs as well as we can understand the language of words.
【语篇导读】　本文介绍当两个生疏人彼此之间没方法理解对方的语言时，可以借助手势进行沟通，但有时也会产生误会，造成误会。
1．解析　用过去时，与前面的动词went into并列，前后时态全都。
答案　sat
2．解析　指代前面的his fingers。
答案　them
3．解析　不定代词“一些东西”，下面一段有提示。
答案　something
4．解析　与to连用，构成“from side to side”。
答案　from
5．解析　表转折，由于后面有一个动词refuse。
答案　but
6．解析　依据前后的关系，可知引导时间状语从句“无论什么时候”。
答案　whenever/when
7．解析　表示“另一位，另一个”，接单数名词。
答案　another
8．解析　在冠词后用名词，表示“侍者，服务员”。
答案　waiter
9．解析　表示，“把手放在肚子上”。
答案　on
10．解析　因此，承上启下，表示“总结”。
答案　So/Therefore
Passage 3
Wealth has always been what some people long for.It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labour.__1__ efforts contribute to the welfare of the society and at the same time to the accumulation of their wealth，and hence to their happiness.
There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness，especially in the modem society.Various kinds of up­to­date household appliances，__2__(late) fashions and recreations make their appearance with each passing day.All this makes our life more comfortable and colourful.Therefore，without money we cannot turn __3__(admire) into reality.
But there are exceptions __4__ wealth does not go hand in hand with happiness.Wealth may tempt weak­willed persons to be addicted __5__ harmful habits，such as drug­taking and gambling，and result in their own rain.Besides，a person may lose his reason and go astray (误入歧途) if he intends only to seek wealth and indulges himself in leading a luxurious life.For example，there are some government officials __6__ take advantage of their positions to take bribes (贿赂) from __7__ people turning to them for help.All these __8__ (bring) about the negative effect of wealth if we don't take a proper attitude to it.
In my opinion，__9__ no account can we identify wealth with happiness.I also believe that one should never reckon only on wealth __10__(achieve) happiness.
【语篇导读】　本文是谈论文，主要论述幸福与财宝的关系，说明幸福与财宝没有多大关系。
1．解析　指代前文的most of them且与后面的efforts构成修饰关系，故填their。
答案　Their
2．解析　作定语修饰后面的名词fashions，故填形容词latest(最新的)。
答案　latest
3．解析　词类转换，作谓语动词turn的宾语，故填其名词形式。
答案　admiration
4．解析　两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词；依据两句之间的规律关系应填when。
答案　when
5．解析　固定搭配，be addicted to“沉溺于”。
答案　to
6．解析　引导限制性定语从句，先行词为officials，故填who/that。
答案　who/that
7．解析　由于people后接turning to them for help，作后置定语，故填the。
答案　the
8．解析　位于主语后面且缺谓语，故填will bring。
答案　will bring
9．解析　固定搭配，on no account意为“决不”。
答案　on
10．解析　从句中已有谓语动词，该空为非谓语动词且作目的状语，故填to achieve。
答案　to achieve
Passage 4
Money may not buy you happiness，but having a happy childhood can make you lots of money.A study has found that children __1__ a sunny temperament (性情) go on to earn more as adults，even if their parents were not educated or high earners.And within the same family，__2__ is the happiest who tend to earn the most.The study examined the happiness levels of 90,000 children and young adults in the U．S.，and __3__(compare) the data to their levels of income as adults.Even when __4__ factors were taken into account，the economists __5__(carry) out the study found that happiness levels when young clearly determined higher earnings in later life.For example，those __6__ life satisfaction increased by one point on a scale of one to five at the age of 22 were likely to earn ￡ 1,200 more __7__ year by the age of 29.Professor Andrew Oswald of Warwick University，the study's co­author，said: “This research provides yet another reason for the need to create an __8__(emotion) healthy home environment.” Economists have long recognised that those with higher incomes tend to be __9__(happy)，but this is the first study which shows the economic benefits of being happy when young.The authors said happier people tended to be more productive，which may explain __10__ they were promoted more quickly than their more pessimistic colleagues.
【语篇导读】　争辩表明，钱可能买不了幸福，但幸福的童年能够让你长大后赚更多的钱。
1．解析　空格后是个名词短语“a sunny temperament”，这个名词短语既不作主语，也不是动词的宾语，那么它的前面就应当是个介词，由它和前面的名词children可知，是指“性情开朗的孩子”，介词短语作定语。
答案　with
2．解析　由句式结构可知，此句是强调句型。
答案　it
3．解析　连词and连接并列的两个谓语动词examined和compared。
答案　compared
4．解析　由上下文可知，幸福欢快的童年是成年后赚钱更多的关键因素，但不是唯一的因素，别的因素也要考虑(take into account)进去。
答案　other
5．解析　句中的谓语动词是found，carry就应是非谓语动词了，它的规律主语是the economists，二者之间是主动关系，用现在分词carrying，分词短语carrying out作定语修饰the economists。
答案　carrying
6．解析　此处是定语从句，先行词是those，由于从句中已有主语life satisfaction，那么关系代词就不是who，而是作life satisfaction的定语的whose。
答案　whose
7．解析　此处a有“每一”的意思，...earn ￡1,200 more a year，每年多赚1,200英镑。
答案　a
8．解析　修饰后面的形容词healthy要用副词形式，然后emotionally healthy再修饰后面的名词短语home environment。
答案　emotionally
9．解析　由句意可知，经济学家们生疏到收入更高的人往往更幸福，要用比较级。
答案　happier
10．解析　由句意可知，更欢快的人更高效，这也就是他们为什么比他们那些更悲观的同事更简洁获得升迁的缘由，why引导一个从句，作谓语动词explain的宾语。
答案　why
Passage 5
Some people have very good memories，and can easily learn quite long poems by heart.There are other people who can only remember things __1__(make) they have said again and again.
A good memory is __2__ great help in learning a language.Everybody learns his own language __3__ remembering what he hears when he is a small child.Some children don't live in their own country; they seem to learn two languages almost as easily as __4__.In school，it is not so easy to learn a foreign language __5__ students have so little time for it and they are busy with __6__ lessons，too.
A man's mind is rather __7__ a camera，but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of __8__ we feel，hear，smell and taste.When we take a real photo with a camera，there is much to do when the photo __9__ (finish) and ready to show to our friends.In the same way，there is much work __10__(do) before we can keep a picture forever in our minds.
【语篇导读】　人的记忆力各不相同，好的记忆力对学习有很大的挂念。人的头脑与照相机一样，必需把所看到的一切东西记在脑海中并加以处理。
1．解析　引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语。
答案　that/which
2．解析　不定冠词泛指“一个”帮手，前后对应。
答案　a
3．解析　表示方式，手段，后面接动词的­ing形式。
答案　by
4．解析　表示一种语言，与前面对应，说明学两种语言跟学一种语言一样简洁。
答案　one
5．解析　引导缘由状语从句，由于后面讲到同学们在学校里学习语言的时间很少。
答案　because
6．解析　不定代词“其他的，别的”，后面接复数名词。
答案　other
7．解析　介词“像”，指人的头脑就像照相机一样。
答案　like
8．解析　作介词of宾语又引导宾语从句，含有两层成分。
答案　what
9．解析　用一般现在时被动语态，因主语是相片，所以用被动。
答案　is finished
10．解析　不定式被动式作定语，修饰work。
答案　to be done
Passage 6
(2022·深圳高三其次次模拟考试) A couple had been married for over 60 years.They shared everything，talked about everything and kept no secrets __1__ each other except that the woman had a box in a drawer __2__ she had cautioned her husband never to open or ask her about.
He'd never thought about it ever since.One day __3__ woman got very sick and the doctor said she wouldn't recover.To sort out their affairs，the husband took down the box and __4__ (bring) it to his wife's bedside.She agreed it was time that he should know __5__ was in the box.
__6__ (open) it，he found two small table mats and a sum of money totaling $25,000.He asked her about the contents.“When we were to be married，”she said，“my grandma told me the secret of happy __7__ (marry) was never to argue，and I should just keep quiet and make a mat __8__ I got angry with you.”
The man was so __9__ (move) that he had to fight back tears.She had only been angry with him twice in all those years of living and loving！“Honey，”he said，“that explains the mats，but what about the money？Where did it come from？”
“Oh，”she said，“that's the money I made from selling __10__ .”
【语篇导读】　本文为记叙文。叙述一对夫妇的故事，妻子临终前把始终对丈夫保密的一个盒子的隐秘告知了丈夫。
1．解析　考查介词。固定搭配：keep sth from sb瞒着某人。句意：他们共享一切，谈论一切，彼此没有隐秘。
答案　from
2．解析　考查定语从句。先行词为a box，故用关系代词which或that都可以。句意：除了那位妇女的一个抽屉里有个盒子，她警告她的丈夫不要打开或问她。
答案　that/which
3．解析　考查冠词。用定冠词the特指那个妇女。
答案　the
4．解析　考查动词的时态。由并列连词and可知，此处应用bring的过去式brought作took的并列谓语。
答案　brought
5．解析　考查宾语从句。此处用what引导宾语从句。句意：她认为是时候让他知道盒子里面是什么东西。
答案　what
6．解析　考查非谓语动词。open和规律主语he是主动关系，此处用现在分词作伴随状语。
答案　Opening
7．解析　考查词性转换。前有形容词happy修饰，此处应用marry的名词形式marriage，happy marriage：幸福的婚姻。
答案　marriage
8．解析　考查连词。用if引导条件状语从句或用when引导时间状语从句。句意：假如/当我生你的气时，我应当保持冷静然后做一个垫子。
答案　if/when
9．解析　考查动词。用动词的过去分词作形容词表示the man的感受，moved：受感动的。
答案　moved
10．解析　考查代词。用them代替the mats。
答案　them