【2021春走向高考】高三英语一轮(人教版)复习练习：必修5-Unit-1.docx

第一部分　必修五　Unit 1

Ⅰ.语法单句填空
1．(2011·四川改编)—I hope to take the computer course.
—Good idea.________(find) out more about it, visit this website.
答案：To find　本题考查非谓语动词。句意：——我期望能上电脑课。——好方法。要想了解更多，扫瞄这个网站。动词不定式放于句首，作目的状语，符合语境。
2．________73­year­old woman, who died of respiratory failure on Dec. 6, was confirmed to have been carrying ________H10N8 virus.
答案：A; the　考查冠词。句意：12月6日，一位73岁的妇女死于呼吸衰竭，她被确诊携带H10N8病毒。第一空填不定冠词表泛指；其次空填定冠词表特指。
3．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when ________(expose) to sunlight.
答案：exposed　考查非谓语动词。句意：处理该化学物质时确定要当心，由于暴露在阳光下，它会爆炸。when后省略了句子的主语it(this chemical)和动词be的形式is，所以选D项。
4．Some school teachers complained, “Many kids haven't got any hobbies— ________ you call playing computer games a hobby.”
答案：unless　考查连词。句意：一些老师埋怨说“很多孩子没有任何爱好，除非你把打电脑玩耍叫做一项爱好”。
5．To be honest, no speech ________(make) so far has had the same effect on me as this one.
答案：made　考查非谓语动词做后置定语。观看句子结构，不难发觉句子已经有了谓语has had effect on，故应填入非谓语动词。make与speech构成被动关系结合时间状语so far，故选过去分词，即表被动又表完成。句意：狡猾说，迄今为止，这是对我最有影响的演讲。
6．Land used to grow crops feeds five times more people than land ________animals are kept.
答案：where　考查同学对定语从句关系代词、关系副词的把握状况。句意：用来种庄稼的土地养活的人口数量比放牧牲口的土地所供应的人口数量要多五倍。先行词为land，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故选关系副词where。
7．(2022·陕西改编)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
答案：that　 本题考查定语从句。句意：请把全部申请这个职位的选手的信息发给我们。先行词为information在定语从句中充当动词have的宾语，且前有all修饰，故只能用that。
8．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, ________(absorb) in conversation.
答案：absorbed　考查非谓语动词。句意：当他三个小时后回来时，他们仍坐在沙发上，聚精会神地交谈。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意为“认真于”，所以此处应用absorb的过去分词形式，作伴随状语。
9．—Who is ________(blame) for the shooting at a movie theatre in America?
—A gunman named James Eagan Holmes.
答案：to blame　问句句意：谁要为发生在美国电影院的枪击案负责？be to blame为固定短语，意为“该受责怪”。本身为被动含义，不用于被动语态。
10．(2022·大连一中第三次月考)________(reduce) the gap between the rich and the poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.
答案：Reducing　句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要挑战之一。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2022·合肥市第一次质检)
For the first time, researchers have discovered that some plants can kill insects in order to get additional nutrients. New research shows that they catch and kill small insects with their own sticky hairs near the roots and then absorb nutrients through their roots when the insects are killed and fall to the ground.
Professor Mark Chase, of Kew and Queen Mary, University of London, said: “The cultivated (改良的) tomatoes and potatoes still have the hairs. Tomatoes in particular are covered with these sticky hairs. They do trap small insects on a regular basis. They do kill insects.”
The number of these carnivorous plants is thought to have come up to 50 percent and many of them have until now been wrongly regarded as among the most harmless plants. Among them are species of petunia(矮牵牛), some special tobacco plants and cabbages, some varieties of potatoes and tomatoes, etc. Researchers at Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, which carried out the study, now believe there are hundreds more killer plants than previously realized.
It is thought that the technique was developed in the wild to get necessary nutrients in poor quality soil—and even various plants grown in your vegetable garden still have the ability.
The researchers, publishing their finding in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, said: “We may be surrounded by many more murderous plants than we think.” “We are accustomed to thinking of plants as being immobile and harmless, and there is something deeply frightening about the thought of meat­eating plants，” they added.
文章大意：最新争辩发觉：为了获得养分，很多植物都是昆虫杀手。
1．Tomatoes and potatoes kill insects to ________.
A．get more sticky hairs
B．make themselves grow better
C．make their roots stronger
D．avoid falling down to the ground
答案：B　细节理解题。由第一段第一句话“...some plants can kill insects in order to get additional nutrients.”可知，这些植物杀手杀死昆虫的目的是获得养分，当然是为了让它们自己长得更好。
2．The word “carnivorous” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A．fast­growing　　　　 B．harmless
C．insect­killing D．nutritious
答案：C　猜想词义题。由画线词前面的these可知，此处指的是前面提到的“杀死昆虫”的植物。
3．The insect­killing technique of vegetables is developed most probably through ________.
A．evolution of species
B．helps from other garden plants
C．artificial cultivation
D．nutrients preserved in rich soil
答案：A　细节理解题。由第四段“It is thought that the technique was developed in the wild to get necessary nutrients in poor quality soil”可知，植物的这种技能是长期物种进化的结果。
4．The text is probably taken from ________.
A．a student book B．a science fiction
C．a scientific report D．a bulletin board
答案：C　推理推断题。由文章第一段“For the first time, researchers have discovered that...”和最终一段“The researchers, publishing their finding in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society...”可推知，本文是一篇科学争辩报告。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Education from My Father
My memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life. But there are __1__ that I am often reminded of and which may have had some bearing on my love of __2__.
When I was small I was somewhat __3__ of lightning and thunder. My father explained it. The explanation was in __4__ that a child could understand but was basically correct. I gained a better __5__ later, but I didn't have to unlearn anything.
What he said was that there was electricity in the clouds __6__ it travelled to the ground like a spark. When it travelled __7__ the air it made the air so hot that it __8__. Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to __9__ the space. He clapped his hands together very loud, __10__ to be the air rushing in, and said that makes the thunder. When I hear thunder, I can still hear that __11__.
He explained why if it was cloudy in the winter the night was warmer than if it was __12__. It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars: no moon, no town lights. But there were more stars than you could __13__ and they had color too. He said that if there were no clouds, we had no blankets and were __14__ to the universe. Our warmth was going to __15__ the whole universe. When there were clouds, they were like blankets and we were not exposed to the universe. I __16__ feel on the edge of space on a very clear night.
I am sure there were many other lessons that I __17__ but no longer remember. What I did __18__， in general, was that there were explanations and that the more I understood them, the more comfortable the world was to live in. I was not taught that there were __19__ but that there was understanding if you looked for it. This may be why I have always been __20__ in science.
文章大意：作者对于逝去父亲的记忆很少。但是父亲曾经用通俗易懂的方式来训练自己，作者现在照旧记忆犹新，是父亲的训练激发了作者对于科学的极大爱好。
1．A.others B．few
C．some D．all
答案：C　考查代词词义辨析。依据上文可知，作者对于父亲的记忆比较少，但仍有令作者记忆深刻的一些。由此可知，C选项与语境相符。故答案选C。
2．A.science B．nature
C．weather D．universe
答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。依据文章最终一段最终一句“This may be why I have always been ________ in science”可知，此处指的是科学。因此，空白处应当使用“science”。故答案选A。
3．A.sure B．fond
C．tired D．afraid
答案：D　考查形容词词辨析。作者小时候有点可怕闪电和雷声。D选项与此相符。故答案选D。
4．A.depth B．words
C．gestures D．data
答案：B　考查名词词义辨析。作者父亲的解释使用了孩子能够理解的词语。A表示“深度，深处”；B表示“词，单词”；C表示“姿势，手势”；D表示“资料，数据”。由此可知，B选项与语境相符。故答案选B。
5．A.understanding B．knowledge
C．command D．confidence
答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。作者后来对此有了更好的理解。A表示“了解；理解，领悟；生疏”；B表示“学问，学识”；C表示“命令，指挥”；D表示“自信；信任；信念”。A选项符合语境。故答案选A。
6．A.but B．and
C．for D．or
答案：B　考查连词的用法。作者的父亲说云中有电，电像火花一样传到地面。依据语境及句子前后的规律关系可知，空白处应当使用“and”。故答案选B。
7．A.above B．to
C．along D．through
答案：D　考查介词词义辨析。此处表示的是光穿过空气。四个选项均为介词，其中“through”意为“穿过”，符合语境。故答案选D。
8．A.shone B．burned
C．expanded D．broke
答案：B　考查动词词义辨析。光穿过的时候，使空气如此热，以至于空气燃烧起来。由此并结合选项的词义可知，B项符合语境。故答案选B。
9．A.fill B．make
C．avoid D．break
答案：A　考查动词词义辨析。空气燃烧完之后，四周的空气涌过来并填满了这一空间。由此可知，空白处应当使用“fill”。故答案选A。
10．A.trying B．proving
C．hoping D．pretending
答案：D　考查动词词义辨析。作者的父亲大声拍手来假装空气的涌入，说这样就产生了雷声。D选项与语境相符合。故答案选D。
11．A.clap B．remark
C．voice D．crash
答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。每当听到雷声时，作者就感觉听到了父亲的掌声。由此可知，A选项符合语境。故答案选A。
12．A.cold B．bright
C．clear D．foggy
答案：C　考查形容词词义辨析。作者的父亲解释为什么在冬天的晚上阴天比晴天温存。由此并结合前半句中的“cloudy”可知，空白处应当使用“clear”。故答案选C。
13．A.explore B．foresee
C．imagine D．identify
答案：C　考查动词词义辨析。天上的星星比想象的要多。A表示“推想，探勘，探险”；B表示“预见，预知”；C表示“想象，设想”；D表示“确认；识别；鉴定”。由此并结合选项的词义可知，C选项符合语境。故答案选C。
14．A.committed B．exposed
C．related D．led
答案：B　考查动词词义辨析。没有云彩时，我们没有遮盖物，暴露于宇宙中。A表示“犯(罪)，做(错事等)”；B表示“使暴露于；揭露”；C表示“有关，涉及”；D表示“引导，领导”。由此可知，B选项符合语境。依据下文的“we were not exposed”也可知答案。
15．A.heat B．protect
C．extend D．light
答案：A　考查动词词辨析。没有云彩时，我们的温存将会对整个宇宙供热。A选项表示“把……加热，使暖”，符合语境。故答案选A。
16．A.ever B．also
C．even D．still
答案：D　考查副词词义辨析。现在作者在晴天的夜晚照旧有这种感觉。由此可知，空白处应当使用“still”。故答案选D。
17．A.selected B．arranged
C．absorbed D．delivered
答案：C　考查动词词义辨析。作者信任有很多别的课，自己曾经理解过。“absorbed”表示“吸取；理解；使全神贯注”，符合语境。故答案选C。
18．A.consider B．promise
C．explain D．learn
答案：D　考查动词词义辨析。依据语境可知，此处表示的是作者所学习到的。因此，空白处应当使用“learn”。故答案选D。
19．A.memories B．blankets
C．mysteries D．thunders
答案：C　考查名词词义辨析。作者认为小时候没有被教过奇怪的东西，由于父亲是用通俗易懂的方式来教作者的。由此可知，C选项符合语境。故答案选C。
20．A.engaged B．interested
C．successful D．skillful
答案：B　考查形容词词辨析。这可能是作者始终对科学感爱好的缘由。由此并结合选项的词义可知，B选项符合语境。故答案选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2022·凉州区其次次诊断)
W：You see, I'm gaining weight again. I've no idea __1__to lose it.
M：You should do some exercise every day. That is the best way __2__ keep you fit.
W：You know, I don't want to move about at all.
M：You'd better not watch too much TV. __3__(recent), dancing machines have been popular in China. I suggest __4__(buy) one.
W：What is the dancing machine?
M：Oh, you may see one in shopping centers. __5__ is easy to learn how to use it. What you ought to do is to dance on such machines __6__ disco music, stepping forward and backward, left and __7__ as if you are really dancing.
W：That __8__(sound) interesting! But is it __9__(use) to help me keep fit?
M：Sure. When you finish dancing, you'll be __10__ of breath.
W：All right. I'd like to get one.
文章大意：两人争辩了怎样减肥的问题。
答案：
1．how　我不知道该怎么减肥。how“怎么”，表方式。
2．to　the way后接不定式作后置定语。
3．Recently　副词修饰整个句子。
4．buying　suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。
5．It　it指代后面的不定式to learn how to use it。
6．with　with表示“带有，配备有”。
7．right　句前是“forward and backward”迈步，此处与之对应应当是“左右”迈步。所以填right，表示“右面”。
8．sounds　That sounds interesting.“这听起来很好玩”。
9．useful　is后接use的形容词形式useful。
10．out　out of breath“上气不接下气，气喘吁吁地”。