2021年高考真题——英语(广东卷)-Word版含解析.docx

2021年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语本试卷共12页，三大题，满分135分。考试用时120分钟。留意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦洁净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3. 非选择题必需用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必需写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4. 考生必需保持答题卷和答题卡的洁净，考试结束后，将试卷、答题卷和答题卡一并交回。语言学问及应用（共两节，满分45分）完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and _4_ die.Even though we cant live forever, we are living a _5_ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental _7_ until after age 75.People are living longer because more people _8_ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood _9_. Now that the chances of dying _10_ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our population is getting older. The _11_ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see _12_, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in _13_ if not in age.As the society grows old, we need the _14_ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to _15_ active and devoted.1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A5.B6.D7.C8.A9.D10.B11.A12.B13.A14.C15.D6.D考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。依据文意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。7.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：到底，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开头经受身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。依据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开头衰弱的，故选C。8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长由于更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 宠爱，观赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。依据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个缘由是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。9.D考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学转变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惊，可怕；worries 担忧；diseases 疾病。依据句意可知，以前的人们由于很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。10.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，由于有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。依据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就由于生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的转变会对我们社会的进展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 转变；recovery 恢复；safety 平安；increases 增长，增加。依据下文中Some people fear such changes will可知，我们现在的人口结构转变了，故选A。12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担忧这个转变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 幻想；chances 机会；strengths 力气；choices 选择。依据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都格外健康，照旧乐观，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。依据句意可知，这里应当是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态照旧年轻，故选A。14.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 疼惜；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。依据文意可知，现在的社会渐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要连续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。15.D考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持乐观的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；毁灭；turn 转，变成；stay保持。依据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要连续保持乐观心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。【考点定位】社会现象类短文。其次节 语法填空（共10小题； 每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16-25的相应位置上。Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly _18_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _19_ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass _20_ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she _21_ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living _22_ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _23_ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _24_ people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to _25_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 【答案】16. a17. luckily18. for19. was left20. when21. fell22. without23. to sell24. where25. him【解析】试题分析：这篇短文叙述的是Johnson先生一家人靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛死了，Johnson先生不得不想其他方法连续生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了一扇门。16. 句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定冠词，表示泛指一个，修饰可数名词单数。依据文意可知，Johnson先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填a。17. 句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily副词，幸运的是。依据文意可知，Johnson先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶，能让他维持生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子18. 句意：他去四周的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他的食物。本句话中exchange 的意思是交换，依据句意可知，Johnson先生用牛奶来换其他的食物。这里是用短语exchangefor，故填介词for。19. 句意：他去四周的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他的食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开；剩下，留下。依据文意可知，Johnson先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句，依据句意可知用被动语态。20. 句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开头下起大雨。when是并列连词，意思是正在这时。这句话使用的句型是be doing sth. when，正在做某事这时。21. 句意：在慌张逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下了山死了。fall摔倒，掉下来，依据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态，故这里填过去式fell。22. 句意：牛奶死了，Johnson先生不得不连续生活。with和一起。依据文意可知，牛奶在慌张躲雨的时候，不当心摔死了，因此Johnson先生就不得不没有了奶牛来生活。故填without。23. 句意：由于这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长，Johnson先生就开头砍树来卖木头。sell卖，销售。依据文意可知，Johnson先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖掉木柴。这里用动词不定式形式在句中做目的状语。24. 句意：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the market。25. 句意：现在看来好像他的农场是格外有潜能的，奶牛的死也好像给他带来了好运气。It occurred to sb. that某人突然发觉,这是一个固定的句型，由于这篇短文叙述的是Johnson先生，故填him。【考点定位】语法填空。II 阅读（共两节，25题，满分50分）阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box havent even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ”Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.“You should put that up for auction (拍卖) on the Internet, and see what happens.”the salesgirl said.“Yes, youre right. People like something rare.” Peter agreed, “I cant imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”“Dont forget to tell me if you sell it.” the salesgirl smiled.“No problem.” Peter said.After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldnt find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.“Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?”The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!”“Ive got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.“Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.”26. Which of the following best describes Peters word game?A. It was made around 40 years ago.B. It had game boards in different sizes.C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peters word game?A. Old and handy.B. Rare and valuable.C. Classic and attractive.D. Colorful and interesting28. Peter got the names of the game fans from _.A. an auctionB. the InternetC. a game shopD. the second-hand shop29. What happened at the end of the story?A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.B. The salesgirl became Peters friend.C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000.D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.30. What is the main theme of the story?A. Its important to keep a promise.B. Its great to share in other peoples happiness.C. We should be grateful for the help from others.D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.【答案】26. A27. B28. B 29. A30. C【解析】试题分析：本文叙述了Peter在听从了一位女销售员的建议，买了一个旧的玩耍盒子，并到网上拍卖。结果他挣了1000美元。为了感谢这位女销售员，他给了她300美元做为回报。【考点定位】故事类短文阅读。BWhen I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “Im not a fish!” I didnt know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didnt completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?A. He could not catch a fish.B. His father was not patient with him.C. His father did not teach him fishing.D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.32. What did the authors father really mean?A. To read about fish.B. To learn fishing by oneself.C. To understand what fish think.D. To study fishing in many ways.33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _.A. in deep water on sunny daysB. in deep water on cloudy daysC. in shallow water under sunlightD. in shallow water under waterside trees.34. After entering the business world, the author found _.A. it easy to think like a customerB. his fathers fishing advice inspiringC. his first bosss sales ideas reasonableD. it difficult to sell services to poor people35. This passage most likely comes from _.A. a fishing guideB. a popular sales bookC. a novel on childhoodD. a millionaires biography【答案】31. A32. C33. D34. B35. B【考点定位】故事类短文阅读。CDaniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesnt really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a childs ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesnt take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a childs reading. “A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that its the other way around. “If youre smart young, youll watch less TV when youre older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.36. By watching TV, children learn _.A. images through wordsB. more than explicit meaningsC. more about images than wordsD. little about peoples psychology37. An educational program is best watched by a child _.A. on his ownB. with other kids