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2022长沙市岳麓区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习(10)及答案.docx
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1、阅读理解。A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species.The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the anci
2、ent woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列)from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that m
3、odern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two
4、species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are i
5、ndeed different species.Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest e
6、lephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the
7、DNA.Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we kn
8、ow the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”本文叙述了一项新的科学发觉:通过对非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象DNA的鉴定,科学家们得出结论:它们是两种不同的物种。我们要疼惜这些珍稀动物。1One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of _Athe Asian elephan
9、t Bthe forest elephant Cthe savanna elephant Dthe mastodon elephant 答案:D。细节理解题。由第3段第一句话“.two fossils,mammoths and mastodons.”可知D项正确。2The underlined word “divergence”in Paragraph 4 means “_ ”Aevolution Bexhibition Cseparation Dexamination 答案:C。词义猜想题。科学家门始终在证明非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象是两种不同的物种,他们之间的分歧使科学家们大为惊异。3Th
10、e researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants _.ADNA Bheight Cweight Dpopulation答案:A。细节理解题。由倒数其次段最终一句话“However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA”可知。4What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about?AThe conservation of African elephants.BThe purpose of studying African elepha
11、nts.CThe way to divide African elephants into two units.DThe reason for the distinction of African elephants.答案:A。推理推断题。由文章最终一段“.for conservation purposes”可知A项正确。5Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ANaturalists Beliefs about ElephantsBAmazing Experiments about ElephantsCAn
12、Unexpected Finding about ElephantsDA Long Scientific Debate about Elephants答案:C。主旨大意题。全文叙述了关于非洲大象的一项意外的发觉。【阅读理解】故事类 One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装) On September 11th, 1958, Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from
13、 hospital, she put him in my lap, saying, “I promised you a gift, and here it is. ”What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. I told it over and over how much I loved it! One
14、morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”, “pitiful”, and “dying”, which sounded ominous. Christmas
15、was coming. “Dont expect any presents this year,” Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. “If your baby brother lives, thatll be Christmas enough.” As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. Id never seen him cry before. The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of b
16、ed to answer it.From my bedroom I heard him say, “What? Hes all right?” He hung up and shouted upstairs. “The hospital said we can bring Richard home!” “Thank God!” I heard Mum cry. From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them so happy. And I was also ful
17、l of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love!1What happened to the author on September 11th, 1958?A. He got a baby brother. B. He got a Christmas gift.C. He became four years o
18、ld. D. He received a doll. 2. What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Impossible. B. Boring. C. Difficult. D. Fearful. 3. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming? A. Excitement. B. Happiness. C. Sadness. D. Disappointment.4. Wh
19、at is the passage mainly about? A. A sad Christmas day. B. Life with a lovely baby. C. A special Christmas gift. D. Memories of a happy family.【要点综述】“我”四岁时母亲给了“我”一件特殊的圣诞礼物:人娃娃我可爱的弟弟Richard。但后来Richard发高烧差点夭折,经医院抢救得生,这使我更加珍爱我的“人娃娃”。 1. A细节理解题。虽然表面上是有了一个娃娃,但事实上是有了亲弟弟。2. D词义猜想题。从该句前半部分中的 “hopeless”, “pi
20、tiful”, and “dying”可知该词意思是“令人可怕的”。虽然其他三个词均表示消极含义,但只有fearful表示“我”可怕“弟弟”离“我”而去。3. C推理推断题。从第四段最终两句As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. Id never seen him cry before.可知父亲感到格外难过。4. C主旨大意题。第一段一开头便定义我的弟弟Richard是一件特殊的圣诞礼物。虽然弟弟Richard差点离我们而去,但后来还是得以平安回家,因此圣诞节并不凄惨。B和D选项外延过大,此段材料只是截取生活中的一个片段,并非整个和Richard一起生
21、活的全部。阅读理解。Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the worlds first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a cars parts to
22、 the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line. In the early days of the
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