2022长沙市岳麓区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习(10)及答案.docx

阅读理解。
A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species.
The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列)from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants' significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”
本文叙述了一项新的科学发觉：通过对非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象DNA的鉴定，科学家们得出结论：它们是两种不同的物种。我们要疼惜这些珍稀动物。
1．One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________
A．the Asian elephant B．the forest elephant
C．the savanna elephant D．the mastodon elephant
答案：D。细节理解题。由第3段第一句话“...two fossils，mammoths and mastodons...”可知D项正确。
2．The underlined word “divergence”in Paragraph 4 means “________ ”．
A．evolution B．exhibition
C．separation D．examination
答案：C。词义猜想题。科学家门始终在证明非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象是两种不同的物种，他们之间的分歧使科学家们大为惊异。
3．The researchers' conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant's ________.
A．DNA B．height
C．weight D．population
答案：A。细节理解题。由倒数其次段最终一句话“However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA”可知。
4．What are Alfred Roca's words mainly about?
A．The conservation of African elephants.
B．The purpose of studying African elephants.
C．The way to divide African elephants into two units.
D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants.
答案：A。推理推断题。由文章最终一段“...for conservation purposes”可知A项正确。
5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Naturalists' Beliefs about Elephants
B．Amazing Experiments about Elephants
C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants
D．A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants
答案：C。主旨大意题。全文叙述了关于非洲大象的一项意外的发觉。

【阅读理解】故事类
One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装)．
On September 11th, 1958, Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying, “I promised you a gift, and here it is. ”What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. I told it over and over how much I loved it!
One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”， “pitiful”， and “dying”， which sounded ominous.
Christmas was coming. “Don't expect any presents this year，” Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. “If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough.” As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before.
The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it.From my bedroom I heard him say, “What? He's all right？” He hung up and shouted upstairs. “The hospital said we can bring Richard home！”
“Thank God！” I heard Mum cry.
From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them so happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love!
1What happened to the author on September 11th, 1958?
A. He got a baby brother. B. He got a Christmas gift.
C. He became four years old. D. He received a doll.
2. What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Impossible. B. Boring. C. Difficult. D. Fearful.
3. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming?
A. Excitement. B. Happiness. C. Sadness. D. Disappointment.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A sad Christmas day. B. Life with a lovely baby.
C. A special Christmas gift. D. Memories of a happy family.
【要点综述】“我”四岁时母亲给了“我”一件特殊的圣诞礼物：人娃娃——我可爱的弟弟Richard。但后来Richard发高烧差点夭折，经医院抢救得生，这使我更加珍爱我的“人娃娃”。
1. A　细节理解题。虽然表面上是有了一个娃娃，但事实上是有了亲弟弟。
2. D　词义猜想题。从该句前半部分中的 “hopeless”， “pitiful”， and “dying”可知该词意思是“令人可怕的”。虽然其他三个词均表示消极含义，但只有fearful表示“我”可怕“弟弟”离“我”而去。
3. C　推理推断题。从第四段最终两句As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I’d never seen him cry before.可知父亲感到格外难过。
4. C　主旨大意题。第一段一开头便定义我的弟弟Richard是一件特殊的圣诞礼物。虽然弟弟Richard差点离我们而去，但后来还是得以平安回家，因此圣诞节并不凄惨。B和D选项外延过大，此段材料只是截取生活中的一个片段，并非整个和Richard一起生活的全部。

阅读理解。
Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.
In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.
The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.
The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: "I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modem engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one."
The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.
( ) 1. What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?
A. He made good use of ideas from others.
B. He produced the first car in the world.
C. He knew how to improve auto parts.
D. He invented the production line.
【答案】：A
【解析】：细节题。由文章What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better.可选A。
( ) 2. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?
A. To show off his driving skills.
B. To draw public attention.
C. To learn about new technology.
D. To raise money for his new company.
【答案】：B
【解析】：细节题。由文章第3段The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.可得出 B。
( ) 3. “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to .
A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices
B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people
C. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor
D. the sales target for the Ford Company
【答案】：C
【解析】：猜想词义，有上文In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.可知。
( ) 4. What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?
A. Producing cars for average customers.
B. Building racing cars of simple design.
C. Designing more car models.
D. Starting more companies.
【答案】：A
【解析】：细节题，由I will build a motor car for the great mass of people可选A。

完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。
It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics(题目),“The Art of Eating Spaghetti(意大利面条)” caught my eye. The word “spaghetti” brought back the 1 of an evening at Uncle Alien’s in Belleville 2 all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 3 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic(外来的) treat in 4 days. Never had I eaten spaghetti, and 5 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 6 it. What laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for Mr. Fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 , I would write something else.
When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to 14 my work. Two days passed before Mr.Fleagle returned the15 papers. He said,” Now, class, I want to read you a composition, “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”
My words! He was reading my words out 16 to the whole class.17 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 18 , but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 19 my words had the power to make people 20 .
( ) 1. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience
答案:A
( ) 2. A. when B. where C. since D. after
答案:A
( ) 3. A. cooked B. served C. got D. made
答案:B
( ) 4. A. their B. past C. last D. those
答案:D
( ) 5. A. none B. one C. some D. neither
答案:A
( ) 6. A. careful about B. good at C. fond of D. interested in
答案:B
( ) 7. A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
答案:D
( ) 8. A. nearly B. naturally C. officially D. socially
答案:D
( ) 9. A. Especially B. Probably C. Suddenly D. Fortunately
答案:C
( ) 10. A. settle B. put C. take D. let
答案:B
( ) 11. A. work B. story C. luck D. joy
答案:D
( ) 12. A. However B. Therefore C. As for him D. Except for that
答案:C
( ) 13. A. time B. excuse C. way D. idea
答案:A
( ) 14. A. give up B. continue C. hand in D. delay
答案:C
( ) 15. A. written B. graded C. collected D. calmly
答案:B
( ) 16. A. loud B. fast C. publicly D. calmly
答案:A
( ) 17. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D.I
答案:C
( ) 18. A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure
答案:D
( ) 19. A. if B. for C. while D. although
答案:B
( ) 20. A. excited B. satisfied C. think D. laugh
答案:D
1. 提示:此处是指作者想起了从前的一件事，memory在此处的意思是“回忆、留在记忆中的人或事”。题干中的bring back的意思为“使……回忆起”，和memory正好搭配。
2. 提示:此空实际上是对整个句子意思和结构的考查。when是关系副词，引导的定语从句修饰先行词the evening，进一步说明那天晚上的状况。其他三个选项都能引导定语从句，但意思不合语境的要求。
3. 提示:当大家坐在桌子边时，应当是有人端上面条来，从下文对大家在吃面条情景的描述看，此处不是强调Aunt Pat做的意大利面条，而是强调她给我们吃的意大利面条，serve在此处的意思为“端上饭菜款待顾客”。
4. 提示:in those days指“在当时”，相当于in the past。由于作者就在吃面条的现场，不行能用到“他们的时代”这样的状语；而B、C两项都应当使用定冠词。
5. 提示:正由于是外来品，所以没有人吃过意大利面条。依据Never had I eaten spaghetti可知，大人们也都是不常吃的。D项只能表示“两者”，从上下文可知，在场的不止两个人。
6. 提示:依据下面他们对吃面条的方法都大发争辩，看来他们不常吃面条，或者说不知怎样把面条送到嘴里为好，可知他们不擅长吃面条。短语be good at的意思为“擅长；在某方面做得好”。
7. 提示:从本句的下文看，由于他们不知吃面条的方法，必定会产生争辩。have argument about也是常用的短语，意思是“就……争辩”。
8. 提示:怎样把面条送进嘴里才算讲究，才算高雅，才算风光是指社交方面的事，故选用socially“在社交方面，擅长交际地，在社会中”。吃东西的方法不能由官方来定，所以排解干扰性较强的C项。
9. 提示:当作者想起吃意大利面条这件事，“猛然”意识到要写这个题目，是合情理的。
10. 提示:短语put down 在此处的意思为“把……登记来或写下来”。
11. 提示:下文有not for Mr Fleage，从短文的意思看，既然不是为了上交作文而写，就不用按老师的要求写，而是为了自己兴奋而写。
12. 提示:作者打算不按老师的旨意去写，“至于老师这方面……”。as for him 起承上启下的作用。
13. 提示:由于其次天早晨作者没有交上按老师要求所写的文章，可知是没有“时间”了。
14. 提示:短语hand in的意思为“上交(作业等)”。
15. 提示:依据题意:这些试卷应当是经老师批阅过打分的，而不仅仅收上来(C项)或者签名(D项)。grade在此处的意思为“给……分级或分类；给……评分”，grade papers是“评试卷；给试卷打分”。
16. 提示:读给全班同学听，应当大声地读，loud的意思为“大声地”。
17. 提示:听到好笑的事情，有人先笑了，后是全班跟着笑。依据下文I did my best not to show pleasure，可排解D项。somebody指班里的某个同学。
18. 提示:老师在班里读某人的作文，是对他的表扬和确定。依据下一句话but what I was feeling was pure happiness 可知，作者尽力不表露“喜悦”的心情，但心里却乐开了花。
19. 提示:此处for为并列连词，意为“由于”，其明显的标志是其前面用逗号与前面的句子分开
20. 提示:依据前文提到的作者的作文只是引起了大家的大笑，the whole class was laughing with openhearted enjoyment，文中并没有提到别的心情，可知此处应用laugh作宾