2021高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习测试-语法专题：专题十-名词和冠词.docx

1．—You shall get an iPhone as long as you come first in the contest.
—Is that a ________？Don't let me down, I hope.
A．trick B．decision
C．promise D．goal
解析　考查名词词义辨析。trick表示“阴谋，花招”；decision表示“打算”；promise表示“诺言，许诺”；goal表示“目的，目标”。语境表示“那是一个承诺吗？”
答案　C
2．South Korean rapper PSY's hit song Gangnam Style made ________ history on December 20 as ________ first­ever video on youtube. com to reach I billion views.
A．the；the B．/；the
C．a；a D．/；a
解析　第一空make history表示“载入史册，制造历史”，是固定词组；first­ever意为“首次的”，此处特指第一个，故其次空应用定冠词the。
答案　B
3．________ most efficient way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ________ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A．A；a B．The；/
C．A；/ D．The；the
解析　考查冠词的用法。句意：理解成千上万个新单词的一种格外有效的方法就是很好地把握基本的构词法。most与不定冠词a连用时，most相当于very，意为“格外”；gain a good knowledge of意为“好好把握……的学问”，此处为抽象名词具体化，为常用搭配。
答案　A
4．Former Japanese Prime Minister, Yukio Hatoyama, arrived in Beijing for ________ four­day visit，which would help build ________ channel of communication over the Diaoyu Islands.
A．/；a B．a；a
C．the；the D．a；the
解析　第一空处表示“一次为期四天的访问”，应用不定冠词；其次空处表示“建立一个沟通的渠道”，表示泛指概念，所以用不定冠词。
答案　B
5．China will maintain ________ stability of its Renminbi exchange rate all along, which does good for ________ world economic recovery, Commerce Minister Chen Deming said.
A．a；the B．the；the
C．the；/ D．the；a
解析　句意：商务部部长陈德铭说，中国将始终坚持人民币汇率的稳定性，这对世界经济的恢复是有益的。the stability of its Renminbi exchange rate和the world economic recovery都表示特指，故选B。
答案　B
6．Seeing the teacher raising her finger to her lips as a(n) ________ for silence, all the students sat down in a standard ________.
A．indication；situation B．mark；condition
C．sign；position D．symbol；condition
解析　考查名词的辨析。第一空处表示“一个手势、示意”，应当用sign，意为“示意的动作(或声音)，手势”；而indication意为“标示，象征”，mark意为“标志，表示”，symbol意为“象征”，均不符合语境。其次空处表示“姿势”应当用position。situation意为“形势，状况”，condition意为“条件，环境”，都不符合语境。故答案为C。
答案　C
7．I was reading ________ magazines in the room when all of ________ sudden the light went out.
A．the；/ B．/；the
C．the；the D．/；a
解析　考查冠词的用法。句意：我在房间里看杂志，突然灯灭了。第一空处magazines是可数名词复数，此处表泛指，其前用零冠词；其次空处all of a sudden是固定搭配，意为“突然”，故答案为D。
答案　D
8．Keeping a diary is ________ good habit, by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A．a；a B．a；/
C．the；a D．the；/
解析　考查冠词的用法。句意：写日记是一种良好的习惯，通过写日记，你可以在写作上取得很大的进步。第一空处表示一种习惯，是泛指，用不定冠词a；其次空处progress是不行数名词，make progress“取得进步”是固定搭配，故答案为B。
答案　B
9．By all ________，you must try every ________ to help him.
A．mean；mean B．means；means
C．means；mean D．mean；means
解析　本题考生易误选C。其实，means作“方式，方法”讲时，单复数同形。而by all means是固定短语。故答案为B。
答案　B
10．The basic strategy to change bad behavior is to guide right ________ of teenagers by using some right public opinions, good models and perfect personalities.
A．remarks B．comments
C．values D．costs
解析　考查名词。句意：转变不良行为的基本策略是通过一些正确的舆论导向、榜样示范和完善人格对青少年进行正确的价值观指导。remark“谈论”，comment“评论”，values“价值观”，cost“成本”。
答案　C
11．The wild goats' ________ on the vast grasslands was an indication of a better environment.
A．escape B．absence
C．attendance D．appearance
解析　考查名词。句意：在宽敞的草原上野羊的消灭是环境好转的标志。appearance“消灭”，符合语境。escape“逃脱”；absence“缺席，不在”；attendance“出席，参与”。
答案　D
12．While the book is welcomed by scholars, it will have an immediate ________ for the general readers.
A．reward B．aid
C．appeal D．budget
解析　考查名词。依据题意“这本书受到学者的欢迎，同时也会引起一般读者的爱好”可知选C。appeal“吸引力”。reward“酬劳，嘉奖”，aid“挂念”，budget“预算”，均不符合题意。
答案　C
13．—What did you think of ________ president?
—I didn't care for him at first, but after ________ time I got to like him.
A．the；a B．不填；the
C．the；the D．不填；a
解析　考查冠词。问句的意思是“你认为那位总统怎么样”，所以第一空表示特指；答句中的after a time意为“过了一段时间”。
答案　A
14．I appeal, as ________ human being to human beings：remember your humanity and forget ________ rest.
A．a；a B．a；the
C．the；不填 D．不填；the
解析　考查冠词。第一空处human being是可数名词，此处表泛指；the rest表示“其余的”。我，作为一个人向全人类呼吁：牢记你的人性，遗忘其他的。
答案　B
15．There are many ________ that must be met before a sport can be considered by the International Olympic Committee(IOC)．
A．requirements B．presentations
C．commitments D．appointments
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：必需在满足很多条件后，一个运动项目才会被国际奥委会考虑。requirement“必备的条件”，符合语意。presentation“提交，上演”；commitment“承诺，保证”；appointment“商定，委任”。
答案　A
16．It may take a long time to find a ________ to the problem but we will never give up.
A．resolution 　 B．method
C．solution D．devotion
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：或许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的方法，但是我们不会放弃。solution指解决问题的方法，与介词to搭配，符合语意。resolution“决议，解决”；method“方法”，常与of搭配使用；devotion“关爱，奉献”。
答案　C
17．—I want to buy a pair of shoes; can you give me some advice?
—The store at the corner has an excellent ________ for fair dealing.
A．expression B．reputation
C．involvement D．condition
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：——我想买双鞋，你能给我些建议吗？——拐角处的那个店买卖公正，声誉极佳。reputation“名声，名誉”，符合语意。expression“表达”，involvement“参与”，condition“条件，状况”，均与语意不符。
答案　B
18．Tony had a first­rate education and this gave him a(n) ______ over other boys who had not been well educated.
A．control B．tendency
C．restriction D．advantage
解析　考查名词辨析。句意：托尼曾受过一流的训练，这一点使他比其他未受良好训练的男孩更有优势。依据语意可知应选advantage“优势”。control“把握”，tendency“倾向，趋势”，restriction“限制”，均与语意不符。
答案　D
19．—Excuse me，could you tell me the way to ________ Smiths'，please?
—Sorry，we don't have ________ Smith here in the village.
A．the；a B．a；the
C．a；不填 D．the；不填
解析　考查冠词。第一空“the＋姓氏的复数的全部格形式”表示“某人的家”，此处指“史密斯的家”；其次空a Smith表示“一个叫史密斯的人”。故A项正确。
答案　A
20．I like reading books about ________ story of Sang Lan who has ________ positive attitude towards life.
A．the；the B．a；a
C．a；不填 D．the；a
解析　考查冠词。第一空处特指桑兰的故事，故用定冠词the；have a positive attitude towards表示“对……抱着乐观的态度。”
答案　D

用名词的一些固定搭配或与冠词相关的结构替换画线部分内容
1. I saw a lot of rubbish in the street the other day.
→I __________________________ a lot of rubbish in the street the other day.
2．You should spend your spare time improving English.
→You should ___________________________________ your spare time to improve English.
3．The teacher entered the office，with_a_book_in_his_hand.
→The teacher entered the office，_____________ ______.
4．Although_she_is_a_child，she shows a great passion for the stars.
→___________________________________，she shows a great passion for the stars.
答案　1.caught sight of　2.make full use of　3.book in hand　4.Child though/as she is