2022北京市高考英语一轮阅读理解专题训练及答案7.docx

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
In a cab, a woman seemed in such a hurry．She constantly rushed the cab driver to drive quickly．She was so absorbed in her own thoughts of getting to the airport as soon as possible that she was not aware they were going by a different route.
All of a sudden, a young man got inside the cab．He took her handbag in which she had put her visa, passport, and all the money for the trip.
The cab driver, who was in collusion with the robber, left her in the exactly middle of a dark street．She thought that she was rather unfortunate in the very situation.
During the very night, she was told a piece of shocking news．Tears came down her cheek．Flight 360, the plane that she should have got on board, had crashed．Had she not lost her important belongings, she could surely have lost the thing far more precious——her life.
Sometimes bad things really happen．There are times when nothing seems to go our way．So what should we do about it? We must get rid of all these frustrations and start all over again in the faith that we will get what we deserve．
Don’t waste your time and energy on things that can’t be changed．Continuous worrying will only affect your health and you’ll be doing much more damage than what was previously done.
What if it was the other way round? What if we never ran out of good luck?
There was a man who won the lottery．He became greedy and wasted all his money on everything he could get his hands on.
But when he one day made it to the front page of the newspaper again, it was a different story．He had been killed because of his riches．If you attain good luck, you can never be too secure about it．Life is so unpredictable．You never know what will happen next.
Live one day at a time．We sometimes subject ourselves to unnecessary emotional trouble．But please don’t forget: sometimes misfortune can be the source of happiness．Live for the moment．Do what must be done for the present and the future will turn out just fine．Believe me．And believe in yourself．As Captain Planet always says, “The power is yours！”

1．The underlined phrase “in collusion with” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________.”
A．was forced by B．was fighting bravely against
C．was doing one’s best to beg D．had cooperated with
2．From the passage, we learn that ________.
A．robbers are sure to get what they want
B．somebody never runs out of good luck
C．the woman was lucky to miss her flight
D．if one feels oneself lucky, he or she will continue to be so
3．The writer presents the second example in order to ________.
A．warn people of the danger of winning the lottery
B．tell people life is unpredictable
C．encourage people to buy lottery
D．persuade people not to be greedy
4．According to the author, which of the following choices is the correct attitude to adopt to life?
A．Never waste any time or energy because time is so limited.
B．One needn’t be worried or feel frustrated．Believe in yourself.
C．Even while everything appears to be going smoothly, we should keep fully alert.
D．Worrying about what you don’t have
5．The passage above is intended to tell us ________.
A．misfortune sometimes is a blessing
B．we should save up for a rainy day
C．fortune just goes with those prepared minds
D．both losses and gains go hand in hand
【参考答案】1---5、DCBBA

【2022高考英语吉林省试验中学一模试题】B
“A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right” says Mollie Hunter. Born and brought up near Edinburgh，Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. She firmly believes that there is and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market is. In Mollie’s opinion it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story，which is what every writer should be doing. “If you aren’t telling a story, you’re a very dead writer indeed.” She says. With the chief function of a writer being to entertain，Mollie is indeed an entertainer. “I have this great love of not only the meaning of language but of the music of language,” she says. “This love goes back to early childhood. I had a school teacher who used to ask us what we would like to be when we grew up and，because my family always had dogs，and I was very good at handling them，I said I wanted to work with dogs，and the teacher always said ‘Nonsense，Mollie；dear，you’ll be a writer.’ So finally I thought that this woman must have something，since she was a good teacher and I decided when I was nine that I would be a writer.”
This childhood intention is described in her novel，A Sound of Chariots，which although written in the third person is clearly autobiographical (自传体的) and gives a picture both of Mollie’s ambition and her struggle towards its achievement. Thoughts of her childhood inevitably (不行避开地) brought thoughts of the time when her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fields—sadly now covered with modern houses. “I was once taken back to see it and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood. I’ll never go back，”she said “Never. When I set one of my books in Scotland” she said “I can recall my romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields，or watching the village blacksmith at work. And that’s important because children now know so much so early that romance can’t exist for them, as it did for us.”
60. What does Mollie Hunter feel about the nature of a good book?
A．It should not aim at a narrow audience.
B．It should be attractive to young readers.
C．It should be based on original ideas.
D．It should not include too much conversation.
61. In Mollie Hunter’s opinion，which of the following is one sign of a poor writer?
A．Being poor in life experience.
B．Being short of writing skills.
C．The weakness of description.
D．The absence of a story.
62. What do we learn about Mollie Hunter as a young child?
A．She didn’t expect to become a writer.
B．She didn’t enjoy writing stories.
C．She didn’t have any particular ambitions.
D．She didn’t respect her teacher’s views.
63. What’s the writer’s purpose in this text?
A．To share her enjoyment of Mollie Hunter’s books.
B．To introduce Mollie Hunter’s work to a wider audience.
C．To provide information for Mollie Hunter’s existing readers.
D．To describe Mollie Hunter’s most successful books.
【参考答案】【参考答案】60-63 ADAB

Passage Seven
(The Most Important of All Human Qualities is a Sense of Humor)
Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin’s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, ‘Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.’
     A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop sided view of things.
     This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels.  The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.
     The sense of humor must be singled out as man’s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative – these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.

1.The most important of all human qualities is
[A] a sense of humor.
A sense of satire.
[C] A sense of laughter.
[D] A sense of history.
2.The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because
[A] they can amuse people.
Human beings are different from animals.
[C] They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.
[D] They show that people have the same ability to laugh.
3.One of the chief functions of irony and satire is
[A] to show absurdity of actions.
to redress balance.
[C] to take the wind out of politicians.
[D] to show too much grimness in the world.
4.What do we learn from the sentence ‘it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes?’
[A] It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.
It can arouse people to riot.
[C] It shows tragedy and comedy are related.
[D] It can make people laugh.
5.Who is Swift?
[A] A novelist.
A poet.
[C] A dramatist.
[D] A essayist.

Vocabulary
1.devoid            没有，缺乏
2.plague            n.瘟疫，惹人苦恼的人和事v.给……造成麻烦，苦痛，困难
3.faction            派别
ic stereotype      可笑/滑稽的模式
mentator      （集注）作者，评论员，解说员
6.tinkle            n.一连串的丁零声，电话声，v.使发出丁零声
7.fanatic            狂热者（尤指宗教、政治的狂热）
8.lop-sided      不均匀的
9.hover            飞行，回旋；彷徨
10.somber            低沉的，暗淡的，严峻的
11.redress            订正，补偿
12.pompous            自大的，浮夸的
13.arrogant      傲慢的
14.proportion      均衡，均匀，平衡，比例
15.Lilliputian      微型的，微小的，源自《格列佛游记》中的小人国里的人
16.totalitarian      极权主义的
17.regime            政体，政权，统治方式或制度

难句译注
1．      In a divided world, laughter is a unifying force.
【参考译文】在分裂的世界中，笑是一种促成全都（团结）的力气。
2．      Human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps,
【参考译文】人际关系可能因思想意识派别和政治阵营的不同而受侵扰。
3．      Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.
【参考译文】某些滑稽的模式具有全球性的效果。
4．      Charlie Chaplin查理•卓别林1889-1977，英国讽刺滑稽剧及电影演员，导演及制片人。
5．      At odds with society和社会格格不入。
6．      Dr. Samuel Johnson撒缪尔•约翰生，1709-1784，英国辞典编撰者及作家。
7．      A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tinkle to an earth quaking roar.
【参考译文】幽默感表现的方式多种多样，笑或许是银铃般优雅轻笑，或许是震耳欲聋的放声大笑。
8．      If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously.
【参考译文】假如我们能见到可笑的一面，我们就不会犯这种错误：对自己看得过重（自以为了不起）。
9．      We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop-sided view of things.
【参考译文】我们会经常提示自己祸兮福所伏（悲剧离喜剧实际并不遥远），那我们决不会偏执一词地看事物。
10．      Take the wind out of sb’s sails使某人气馁或泄气。
11．      Swift Jonathan swift乔纳森•思维福特1667-1745，英国作家，生于都柏林，曾获牛津高校硕士，三一学院神学博士学位，1688年到英国，后加入英国国教会。他怜悯英国统治下的爱尔兰人民，乐观参与他们为争取自由和民族独立的斗争。他以政治讽刺文著世，其文笔犀利、讽刺尖锐、文章推理严密，用词简洁、语言朴实清楚，被认为是英语的典范，《格列佛游记》是他的代表作之一。
12．      We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too.
【结构简析】mean to do是打算或注定要…，一般用于被动。
【参考译文】我们笑是由于想笑，可是我们也想哭。是指小人国和邻国仅仅为打鸡蛋一类小事而打仗可笑，的确也是可悲。作者结合现实指出是人类悲剧之所在。

写作方法与文章大意      文章以部部深化，一般到具体的写作手法论及笑是人类特有的功能。
     形式多种、效果一样。天下人有各种观点、制度、人际关系，对滑稽的东西都会报之以笑――一种全都的力气。
     笑基于幽默感，有了它，人们会乐观、快活、轻松，不偏不倚地对待一切，悲剧中寓以喜剧，幽默感又是人类开启幸福之门的钥匙。
     论及的同时作者佐以例子，卓别林的早期电影，《格列佛游记》中的小人国战斗等。

答案详解
1.      A 幽默感。文章一开头就提出人类有别于动物是人有笑的功能，世界纷争繁杂、人际关系因意识观点差异而对峙，国家制度不一，但人们都能笑。笑基于人类最简洁而又微妙的品质――幽默感。反过来说没有幽默感的人生怕难以笑。其次段正式指出：幽默感表现形式多种多样，而笑可由微笑到狂笑种种，但其效果相同，幽默感有助于我们保持正确的价值观。这是政治狂热者所缺乏的特征。假如我们能观看滑稽可笑的一面，我们就不会犯过于看重自己的错误。我们总会记得悲剧离喜剧不愿，因此，我们不会有偏重某一测的观点。第四段画龙点睛的指出幽默是人类最重要的特征，由于它和笑声结合在一起。而笑又是和幸福联系在一起。士气、决心、制造力特征，我们和其他生命形式共享，而幽默感是人类所独有的。假如幸福是我们生活的宏大目标，那幽默感就是开启幸福的钥匙。
B.讽刺感。这是第三段讲的内容，讽刺的功能，但不是人类最重要的特征。C.笑感。D.历史观点。
2.      C 作者提卓别林的电影的目的是证明某些喜剧模式对全世界都有吸引力。
A.它可以取悦任何人。B.人类和动物不同。D.证明人有同样笑的功能。
3.      B使各种事情重新相等和均衡。第三段着重讲了这一点。人类在苦痛中挣扎，常处于战斗的边缘。政治实现令人无望，在这种境况中，对某些政治事物的讽刺挖苦和漫画可以使各种心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客地下傲岸头颅；可使我观看很多深邃的事情荒谬可笑。
A.表现行为的荒唐。C.使政治家气馁。D.表现世界上太多的令人懊丧之事。
4.      A它可以以讽刺的手法解释政治时间的真相。
B.这可促使人民暴动。C.它表示了悲剧和喜剧相联系。D.它能使人哭。
5.      A小说家。
B.诗人。C.戏剧家。D.散文家。